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The success of bioaugmentation processes for groundwater bioremediation requires efficient transport of bacteria in the subsurface environment. In this paper, the factors that influence transport of bacterial cells in porous media are reviewed and the effects of surfactants on the transport are discussed. Movement of bacterial cells in porous media is a process driven by advection and hydrodynamic dispersion forces of fluids. Immobilization of bacterial cells takes place due to processes such as adsorption and straining. Blocking and ripening along with bacterial migration process decrease and increase the retention of cells in porous media, respectively. Physicochemical properties of the porous media, groundwater chemistry, and properties of the bacterial cells affect the transport behavior. Surfactants have the potential to modify bacterial surface properties for both bacterial cells and medium solids, and thus enhance bacterial transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of low-concentration monorhamnolipid (monoRL) on the adsorption of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 grown on glucose or hexadecane to glass beads with hydrophobic or hydrophilic surfaces was investigated using batch adsorption experiments. Results showed that adsorption isotherms of the cells on both types of glass beads fitted the Freundlich equation better than the Langmuir equation. The K f of the Freundlich equation for adsorption of hexadecane-grown cell to glass beads with hydrophobic surface was remarkably higher than that for adsorption of hexadecane-grown cell to glass beads with hydrophilic surface, or glucose-grown cell to glass beads with either hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface. Furthermore, it decreased with the increasing monoRL concentration. For both groups of cells, the zeta potential was close to each other and stable with the increase of monoRL concentration. The surface hydrophobicity of hexadecane-grown cells, however, was significantly higher than that of the glucose-grown cells and it decreased with the increase of monoRL concentration. The results indicate the importance of hydrophobic interaction on adsorption of bacterial cells to surfaces and monoRL plays a role in reducing the bacterial adsorption by affecting cell surface hydrophobicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a rhamnolipid-functionalized graphene oxide (RL-GO) hybrid was prepared by one-step ultrasonication and adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) from both artificial and real wastewater by the RL-GO was investigated. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) area and Zeta potential analysis were used to characterize the adsorbent. The results showed that RL-GO had abundant functional groups and a mesopores feature. MB adsorption by the RL-GO increased with increase in adsorbent dose, pH, temperature and initial MB concentration, while it was insensitive to ionic strength variation. The adsorption kinetics fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The Intra-particle diffusion and Boyd's film-diffusion models showed that the rate-controlled step was dominated by film-diffusion in the beginning and then followed by intra-particle diffusion. The adsorption isotherm was fitted by adsorption models with the suitability in order of BET > Freundlich > Langmuir > Temkin, based on comparison between correlation coefficients. Thermodynamic analysis of equilibriums suggested that the adsorption MB on RL-GO was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption mechanism was also proposed to be electrostatic attraction, π–π interaction and hydrogen bond. In addition, the real wastewater experiment, the regeneration study and the comparative cost analysis showed that the RL-GO composites could be a cost-effective and promising sorbent for MB wastewater treatment owing to its high efficiency and excellent reusability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously, adsorption feature of a dirhamnolipid biosurfactant on diverse microbial cells was studied and the effect of the adsorption on cell surface hydrophobicity was compared. In this paper, the adsorption behavior of a monorhamnolipid and a dirhamnolipid on cells of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was investigated in order to further reveal the influence of biosurfactant structure and cell property on the adsorption and the relation between the adsorption and cell surface hydrophobicity. Experimental results showed that the adsorption capacity of all the cells to monorhamnolipid was much stronger than to dirhamnolipid, and the rhamnolipid-sourced P. aeruginosa cells, no matter grown on glucose or hexadecane, released extra dirhamnolipid when aqueous concentration of dirhamnolipid was too high. Length of surfactant alkyl chain as well as the type of carbon source used to cultivate the cell adsorbents had only minor influence on the adsorption. The adsorption was assumed to be driven by polar interaction between the rhamnolipid molecules and the cell surface chemical groups. The directional orientation of the rhamnolipid molecules with hydrophobic moiety extending to the environment may account for the rapid increase of cell surface hydrophobicity at low aqueous concentrations of the surfactant, while the stable or decreased cell hydrophobicity was probably the consequence of multiple surfactant layer formation or hemimicelle accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of global analysis equations for the linear sweep voltammetric (LSV) curves with electroactive species confined at electrode surface undergoing E, EC and ECcat processes are established, which can be used for the extraction of various kinetic parameters as well as the correction of voltammetric distortions from ohmic drop and double layer charging current. Simulated LSV data with or without purposely added artificial noises are employed for both demonstration and verification of the derived equations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The highly visible light active Sn 0.215 In 0.38 S/reduced graphene oxide (SIS/RGO) composites with hierarchical porous were prepared by a facil solvothermal in-situ growth method for rhodamine B (RhB) removal coupling adsorption with photocatalysis. The morphology, composition and photocurrent response of the adsorptive photocatalysts were systematically characterized. The investigation results showed that both adsorption and photocatalytic processes were affected by pH, ionic strength and so on. The RhB adsorption process complied with pseudo-second order kinetics equation and Langmuir isotherm model, and the SIS/RGO-2.5% showed the optimum adsorption-photocatalytic performance. The maximum adsorption capacity of SIS/RGO-2.5% was 173.97 mg·g −1 mainly attributing to the electrostatic attraction, π − π interaction and surface complexation. Due to efficient mass transfer efficiency, dye self-sensitization and effective transfer of photogenerated carriers, the photodegradation efficiency of RhB over SIS/RGO-2.5% was as high as 96.25% under visible light irradiation for 25 min and the corresponding reaction rate constant is 3.98 times of Sn 0.215 In 0.38 S. The results of free radical capture and electron spin resonance experiments indicated that the O 2 − and h + were the main active species attacking RhB. Furthermore, cyclic experiments showed the considerable reusability and stability of photocatalysts for the RhB degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reduced graphene oxide decorated NH 2 -MIL-68(Al) (RGO/NMA) is synthesized via one-pot solvothermal process and systematically characterized for the congo red (CR) removal from single and binary water with cationic dyes. The characterization results show that the surface area of negatively charged RGO/NMA is significantly enhanced by the introduction of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The CR adsorption is investigated as a function of contact time, initial CR concentration, temperature, pH and ionic strength. It shows that the maximum CR adsorption capacity of RGO/NMA (473.93 mg/g) is 121% and 1337% higher than NH 2 -MIL-68(Al) (NMA) and RGO, respectively. The adsorption dynamic analysis shows that the Pseudo-second-order model presents the best fitting to CR adsorption compared with Pseudo-first-order and Elovich model. The adsorption rate-limited step is successively controlled by film-diffusion and intra-particle diffusion according to the applicability measurement of intra-particle diffusion, boyd's film-diffusion models and external mass transfer plots. Based on the suitability of isotherm models, the CR adsorption process can be described in order of Langmuir > Temkin > Freundlich > Hill. The adsorption mechanism involved the electrostatic attraction, π–π dispersion interaction and hydrogen bonds for the spontaneously exothermic adsorption process are indentified using the three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectrum The synergistic effect occurs in the simultaneous removal CR and cationic from water. The RGO/NMA has the excellent reusability and the resource utilization of CR loaded RGO/NMA as photocatalyst for Cr(VI) reduction under visible light irradiation is highly feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the dewatering of activated sludge assisted by cationic surfactants was investigated. Dose of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) resulted in the release of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from sludge and decrease in sludge negative charge. The surfactants significantly promoted sludge dewaterability, as reflected by decreased specific resistance of filtration (SRF) and water content in sludge cakes. The treated sludge were analyzed by combined use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. CTAB was found more effective in releasing bound water from sludge than DTAB, due to its superior surface activity and strong adsorption/bridge capacities with sludge. The specific surface area and pore size of sludge cakes declined after surfactant treatment, indicating an enhanced compressibility. With these results, the surfactant-assisted dewatering mechanism could be attributed to the integrated effects of electrostatic neutralization, enhanced compaction and release of EPS and bound water. Our study clearly characterizes the accelerated dewatering process assisted by cationic surfactants, and demonstrates that cationic surfactants could be used as a potential agent for sludge dewatering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the magnesium oxide (MgO)-based adsorbents [granulated MgO aggregates (GA-MgO) and surface-modified MgO powder (SM-MgO)] were developed to remediate a fluoride-contaminated groundwater site. Both GA-MgO and SM-MgO had porous, spherical, and crystalline structures. Diameters for GA-MgO and SM-MgO were 1–1.7 mm and 1–10 μm, respectively. The pseudo second-order dynamic adsorption and the Freundlich isotherm could be applied to express the chemical adsorption phenomena. The monolayer adsorption was the dominant mechanism at the initial adsorption period. During the latter part of fluoride adsorption, the multilayer adsorption became the dominant mechanism for fluoride removal from the water phase, which also resulted in the increased adsorption capacity. Higher hydroxide, phosphate, and carbonate concentrations caused a decreased fluoride removal efficiency due to the competition of sorption sites between fluoride and other anions with similar electronic properties. Fluoride removal mechanism using GA-MgO and SM-MgO as the adsorbents was mainly carried out by the chemical adsorption. Reaction paths contained two main processes: (1) formation of magnesium hydroxide after the reaction of MgO with water, and (2) the hydroxyl group of the magnesium hydroxide was replaced by fluoride ions to form magnesium fluoride precipitation. Results from column tests show that up to 61 and 73% of fluoride removal (initial fluoride concentration = 9.3 mg/L) could be obtained after 50 pore volumes of groundwater pumping with GA-MgO and SM-MgO injection, respectively. The GA-MgO system could be applied to contain and remediate fluoride-contaminated groundwater, and SM-MgO could be applied as an immediate fluoride removal alternative to achieve a rapid pollutant removal for emergency responses. Up to 71% of fluoride removal (fluoride concentration = 10.8 mg/L) could be obtained with GA-MgO injection after 30 days of operation. The developed GA-MgO system is a potential and green remediation alternative to contain the fluoride plume significantly. [Display omitted] • Mg-based adsorbents were developed to cleanup fluoride-polluted groundwater. • Granulated MgO aggregates can release MgO slowly and contain fluoride plume. • Surface-modified MgO powder can achieve a rapid fluoride removal for quick response. • Mg-based adsorbent system is a potential and green method for fluoride plume control. • The main fluoride removal mechanism using Mg-based adsorbents is chemical adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effect of rhamnolipid produced by a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain on the aerobic degradation of granular organic substrate from kitchen waste by the bacterium was studied and compared with that of two synthetic surfactants, SDS and Triton X-100. The adsorption of rhamnolipid on the substrate, the surfactant-interfered adhesion of bacteria on the substrate as well as physicochemical and microbial conditions of the substrate during degradation were investigated. The adsorption isotherm of rhamnolipid on the substrate fit Freundlich law and its interactions with the substrate and bacteria weakened the adsorption of the bacteria on the substrate. The two synthetic surfactants, however, did not have such microbial effects. During degradation, rhamnolipid slowed down water evaporation in the substrate and significantly strengthened the dispersion of organic matter into the substrate water phase. The number of cells in the rhamnolipid treatment was higher than that in control and the remaining organic matter content in the substrates also had faster decreasing. SEM examination showed the on-site degradation of the substrate organic matter without rhamnolipid and the transfer of the degradation site in the presence of rhamnolipid. The results indicated that interference of rhamnolipid in the substrate matrix plays a potential role, physicochemically or microbially, on the degradation of the granular organic substrate. SDS and Triton X-100 may have the above physicochemical effects, but not so significant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Adsorption behavior of five kinds of water-soluble dyes onto functionalized resin NKY has been dynamically and thermodynamically investigated. The results showed that the adsorption rates of dye K-GN, K-2BP, KN-R, AAB and 2G are all controlled by liquid film diffusion and particle diffusion. Equilibrium adsorption data can be well described by three-parameter equation. The first layer adsorption is the physical enhanced by chemical effect but multilayer adsorption is typically physical adsorption. Standard free energy change ΔG0 and standard entropy change ΔS0 indicate the adsorption of the dyes onto NKY can occur spontaneously. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The interfacial tracer test (ITT) conducted via aqueous miscible-displacement column experiments is one of a few methods available to measure air-water interfacial areas for porous media. The primary objective of this study was to examine the robustness of air-water interfacial area measurements obtained with interfacial tracer tests, and to examine the overall validity of the method. The potential occurrence and impact of surfactant-induced flow was investigated, as was measurement replication. The column and the effluent samples were weighed during the tests to monitor for potential changes in water saturation and flux. Minimal changes in water saturation and flux were observed for experiments wherein steady flow conditions were maintained using a vacuum-chamber system. The air-water interfacial areas measured with the miscible-displacement method completely matched interfacial areas measured with methods that are not influenced by surfactant-induced flow. This successful benchmarking was observed for all three media tested, and over a range of saturations. A mathematical model explicitly accounting for nonlinear and rate-limited adsorption of surfactant at the solid-water and air-water interfaces as well as the influence of changes in surface tension on matric potentials and flow was used to simulate the tracer tests. The independently-predicted simulations provided excellent matches to the measured data, and revealed that the use of the vacuum system minimized the occurrence of surfactant-induced flow and its associated effects. These results in total unequivocally demonstrate that the miscible-displacement ITT method produced accurate and robust measurements of air-water interfacial area under the extant conditions. • The interfacial tracer test is used to measure air-water interfacial area for three media. • The measurements made with the standard method are consistent with other measurements. • Mathematical modeling results support the observed efficacy of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural plastic films and triazole fungicides are widely used in agricultural production process. Exposure to natural environment, agricultural plastic films will degrade into micron plastic particles, which will adsorb pesticide molecules and may affect their toxicity, biological activity and persistence. The long-term coexistence of microplastics (MPs) and triazole fungicides will bring potential harms to the agricultural ecological environment. Therefore, two kinds of triazole fungicides flusilazole (FLU) and epoxiconazole (EPO) were selected as cases and the adsorption behaviors of them on polystyrene and polyethylene were investigated. A series of factors which could affect the adsorption behavior were evaluated. Specifically, the particle size of MPs could affect its adsorption capacity, and the smaller the particle size, the stronger the adsorption capacity. Moreover, with the increase of pH value from 6.0 to 9.0, the adsorption capacity of MPs to target compounds gradually increased. The effect of ionic strength was evaluated by NaCl, and 0.05% of NaCl was beneficial to the adsorption process, while the continuous increase of NaCl concentration inhibited the adsorption. Oxalic acid and humic acid decreased the adsorption capacity of flusilazole on PE by 15.99–32.00% and PS by 35.02–48.67%, respectively. In addition, compared with the single pesticide system, the adsorption capacity of MPs for flusilazole and epoxiconazole in the binary pesticides system decreased by 36.13–37.93% and 44.36–51.35%, respectively, indicating that competitive adsorption occurred between the two pesticides. Meanwhile, the adsorption process was evaluated by adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms and were consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Finally, several characterization analyses were conducted to investigated the adsorption mechanism, and hydrogen, halogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction proved to play an important role. The study on the adsorption behavior and mechanism of pesticide on MPs was the basis of assessing the risk of joint exposure. [Display omitted] • The adsorption capacity of the same pesticide on PE was higher than that on PS. • The adsorption capacity of FLU was higher than EPO on the same MPs. • In the binary pesticide system, competitive adsorption occurred between pesticides. • Adsorption mechanisms include hydrogen, halogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional flow column experiments are conducted to specifically compare the transport behavior of three surfactants (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), Triton X-100, rhamnolipid) and a solvent n-propanol and their solubilization on dodecane in porous media. Compared to pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA), the low adsorption or partition loss of n-propanol incurred no retardation, shouldering or retention in breakthrough curves. While for surfactants, all the breakthrough curves exhibited retardation, shouldering or retention to different degrees in the presence of dodecane phase. Compared to the anionic SDBS with no significant bulk partition to non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL), the non-ionic Triton X-100 with partition induced significant retardation and shouldering in breakthrough curves. The retention loss of solubilized aggregates resulted in obvious retention of rhamnolipid at different pore-water velocities. The increase of pore-water velocity could promote the transport of surfactants and the dodecane-surfactant aggregates. The elution of dodecane in the presence of surfactants showed a significant relation to the partition behaviors of surfactants and a characteristic of the rate-limited solubilization. In contrast, the n-propanol, which is basically a non-reactive solvent, exhibited the rapid equilibrium dissolution of dodecane. The results indicated that in remediation of field sites contaminated by hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), the surfactants should be rationally selected, and a favorable pore-water velocity should be used to obtain a high remediation efficiency and to reduce the retention loss of surfactants as well. [Display omitted] • Residual NAPL has significant impact on surfactant transport. • Increase in pore-water velocity enhances dodecane solubilization by Triton X-100. • NAPL-surfactant aggregate migration exhibits colloidal transport properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A role of rhamnolipid biosurfactant to enhance the biodegradation of hydrocarbons is known to be enhancing bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and adhesion of cells to hydrocarbons. Assumptions regarding the mechanism for rhamnolipid in changing CSH of Gram-negative bacteria are rhamnolipid-induced release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the cell's outer membrane and adsorption/orientation of rhamnolipid on the cell surface. In this study, the relation between cell-wall LPS or rhamnolipid content and CSH of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium subjected to rhamnolipid treatment was investigated to add insights to the mechanism. Results showed that the initial CSH was determined by the type of substrate the cells grow on and the stage of growth. For glucose-grown cells with low initial CSH and high LPS content, rhamnolipid sorption in cell wall had no discernable effect on CSH. For cells grown on glycerol with medium initial CSH and low LPS content, rhamnolipid sorption increased CSH of exponential-phase cells but decreased that of stationary-phase cells. For hexadecane-grown cells with high initial CSH and high LPS content, rhamnolipid sorption decreased CSH of both exponential-phase and stationary-phase cells. The results indicated that CSH has a better correlation to the content of rhamnolipid in the cell wall than to the content of LPS in the presence of rhamnolipid treatment and that rhamnolipid adsorption may be an important mechanism for rhamnolipid to alter CSH of P. aeruginosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel Fe 3 O 4 @Zn 2 Al-LDH@MIL-53(Al) was synthesized by a facile two-step process. • The material was used for the removal of azole fungicides from environmental water. • The equilibrium was reaching within 5 min with high adsorption capacity. • The mechanisms were including hydrogen-bonding interaction and π–π interaction. In this work, a novel Fe 3 O 4 @ZnAl-LDH@MIL-53(Al) composite was synthesized by a facile three-step process and utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of azole fungicides from environmental water. The characterization results revealed that double hydroxide (ZnAl-LDH) and metal organic framework (MIL-53) have been successfully tethered to the shell of Fe 3 O 4. The main factors affecting the removal efficiencies were investigated, and results revealed that Fe 3 O 4 @ZnAl-LDH@MIL-53(Al) composite possessed high removal efficiencies for azole fungicides. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism was investigated and including hydrogen-bonding interaction, chemisorption and π–π interaction. The adsorption kinetic was more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the whole adsorption process could reach the equilibrium within 5 min. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model could describe the adsorption process most accurately, and the maximum adsorption values of azole fungicides were in the range of 43.54–71.79 mg g−1. Meanwhile, the adsorption thermodynamics indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. Hence, Fe 3 O 4 @ZnAl-LDH@MIL-53(Al) composite had a great application potential in the removal of azole fungicides from the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Graphene, as an ideal two-dimensional material and single-atom layer of graphite, has attracted exploding interests in multidisciplinary research because of its unique structure and exceptional physicochemical properties. Especially, graphene-based materials offer a wide range of potentialities for environmental remediation and energy applications. This review shows an extensive overview of the main principles and the recent synthetic technologies about designing and fabricating various innovative graphene-based materials. Furthermore, an extensive list of graphene-based sorbents and catalysts from vast literature has been compiled. The adsorptive and catalytic properties of graphene-based materials for the removal of various pollutants and hydrogen storage/production as available in the literature are presented. Tremendous adsorption capacity, excellent catalytic performance and abundant availability are the significant factors making these materials suitable alternatives for environmental pollutant control and energy-related system, especially in terms of the removal of pollutants in water, gas cleanup and purification, and hydrogen generation and storage. Meanwhile, a brief discussion is also included on the influence of graphene materials on the environment, and its toxicological effects. Lastly, some unsolved subjects together with major challenges in this germinating area of research are highlighted and discussed. Conclusively, the expanding of graphene-based materials in the field of adsorption and catalysis science represents a viable and powerful tool, resulting in the superior improvement of environmental pollution control and energy development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Using two spirocyclic core building units, microporous polymeric spheres SPOP-5 and SPOP-6 have been successfully prepared through a surfactant-free Suzuki coupling polymerization in a single-phase, which is different from the commonly employed heterogeneous polymerization technique. Especially, for SPOP-6, the SEM image shows that the polymer consists of relatively uniform monodisperse solid microspheres with particle sizes about 500 nm in diameter. The mechanism of microsphere formation is believed to occur by a two-step process involving particle nucleation and subsequent growth. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area for these polymers ranges from 705 to 744 m2 g−1. Based on the gas (H2 or CO2) physisorption isotherms, an increase in the gas loading capacity with increasing specific surface area is observed. Especially, hydrogen adsorption isotherms show that the adsorption capacity of SPOP-6 for hydrogen is 1.62 wt% at 1.0 bar and 77 K, which can be competitive with, even higher than lots of porous polymers with higher BET specific surface area under the same conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Adsorption is the main mechanism of TC removal by Myriophyllum aquaticum in short time. • OH, COOH, and NH 2 are involved in TC adsorption through ion exchange. • Cu(II) may act as a bridge during TC adsorption on M. aquaticum. • Competitive adsorption of Cu(II) and TC on M. aquaticum occurs under high Cu(II). • M. aquaticum is an important bioresource for effectively removing TC from water. Pollution with antibiotics and heavy metals necessitates efficient approaches for their removal. This study was conducted to investigate the role of Cu in the tetracycline (TC) removal potential of the floating plant Myriophyllum aquaticum and determine the underlying mechanisms. Myriophyllum aquaticum exhibited high TC removal potential from water (60% at 50 mg·L−1 TC and 10 g·L−1 M. aquaticum). Adsorption was the main mechanism of TC removal within 2 h, accounting for over 75% and 90% of total TC removal with and without Cu(II), respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and functional group identification showed that OH, COOH, and NH 2 were involved in TC adsorption through ion exchange. Cu(II) may act as a bridge during TC adsorption with M. aquaticum , but competitive adsorption of Cu(II) and TC on M. aquaticum occurs in case of excessive Cu(II). Myriophyllum aquaticum can serve as an important bioresource for effectively removing TC and Cu(II) from aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]