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Entecavir rescue therapy is frequently used in patients with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains. The aim of this study was to investigate evolutionary patterns of HBV quasispecies during entecavir rescue therapy and evaluate their impacts on therapeutic efficacy. We enrolled 21 chronic hepatitis B patients who failed to respond to lamivudine therapy and were switched to entecavir treatment. Measurement of serum HBV DNA and sequence analysis of HBV reverse transcriptase were done up to 144 weeks. Four patients of this series showed a reversion to wild-type HBV after entecavir treatment and in three of them, a complete viral response (

To explore the efficacy and safety of vitamin D (VD) in the treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.This study included 86 infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia, who were randomized to a VD and a control group of equal number, the former given oral VD 200 IU/d and calcium 600 mg/d,qd, while the latter administered oral vitamin E 100 mg and vitamin C 100 mg, tid. After 3 months of medication, we compared the semen parameters, adverse reactions, and pregnancy rate between the two groups.After medication, the count of progressively motile sperm per ejaculate was increased from (9.82 ± 3.72) x 10(6) to (21.47 ± 6.52) x 10(6) ( P0.05) and the proportion of progressively motile sperm from (18.41 ± 9.82)% to (28.27 ± 4.47)% (P0.05) in the VD group. In comparison, the count of progressively motile sperm per ejaculate was elevated from (9.51 ± 6.31) x 10(6) to (12.36 ± 4.43) x 10(6) (P0.05) and the proportion of progressively motile sperm from (17.79 ± 5.25)% to (21.35 ± 2.41)% (P0.05) in the control group. Pregnancy was achieved in 7 cases (16.3%) in the VD group, but only lease (2.3%) in the control (P0.05). No adverse reactions were observed in either of the groups.Vitamin D, as a safe option for the treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia, can effectively improve the semen quality, especially the progressive sperm motility of the patient.

To design a new portable home electronic uroflowmeter and compare it with traditional methods.The system consists of collectors, urine conducting apparatus, intelligent cell phone, wireless network communication technology, computer analysis and drawing, and data storage technology, etc., and can automatically collect voiding information from patients with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) Through Bluetooth, the voiding information was sent to the patient's intelligent cell phone from the collector, then stored directly by intelligent cell phone and wirelessly transmitted to the workstation in hospital. The system was primarily tested with regard to accuracy of measurement of the voided volume. Multiple doses with known volume were introduced in the system and Laborie uroflowmeter. Furthermore, 38 outpatients who had LUTS were tested simultaneously with the system and Laborie uroflowmeter. The statistical method for assessing agreement between the two methods of clinical measurement was Bland-Altman analysis. Among the subjects, there were 22 male patients and 16 female patients, ranging from 21 to 37 years old, with an average age of 25.5 years, of whom, 19 were tested once and 19 patients twice, equaling to 57 tests.The system could accurately collect and analyze voiding time, uroflowmetry, voided volume, and automatically provide uroflowmetry parameters. The measurement error of 100, 200, 300, 500 and 800 mL is less than 5%. 12.28%, 5.26% and 3.51% of the Qmax, Qave and voided volume points were beyond the 95% limits of agreement. The maximum absolute values of the Qmax, Qave and voided volume difference were 0.38 mL/s, 0.70 mL/s and 2.90 mL, respectively.They agreed with the recommendation of Standardization International Continence Society.The new portable home electronic uroflowmeter has good agreement with Laborie uroflowmeter,and is a new LUTS monitoring system integrated with correct, reliable, real-time, convenient and easy-managing advantages. It is as noninvasive and reliable as traditional methods, and its portable feature facilitates application out of hospitals. It can also record voiding diaries.