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The paper is aimed on lifelong learning of the adult population and assessment of the influence of selected determinants on participation in lifelong learning within the European Union Member States. Governments invest in education to help foster the economic growth, enhance the productivity, contribute to the personal and social development or reduce social inequality. A lack of skills strengthens the risk of unemployment and the differences in skills have an impact on earnings. Higher levels of educational achievement are associated with better health, more social engagement and higher employment rates. The results indicate that the estimated values of selected parameters have a positive effect on adult participation in lifelong learning as expected. In conclusion, we can state that among the examined variables the expenditures on research and development in the higher education sector had the greatest influence on adult participation in lifelong learning. The positive impact of selected determinants on adult participation in lifelong learning creates preconditions for the implementation of tax incentives to national taxation systems and their successful and efficient functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]