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5 results on '"Mohamed Labiadh"'

1. Bioturbation and soil resistance to wind erosion in Southern Tunisia

Author

Mohamed Labiadh, P. Podwojewski, H. Aroui Boukbida, T. Henry-des-Tureaux, F. Garcia Ibarra, Pascal Jouquet, S. Caquineau, A. Bultelle, Vincent Hervé, Christel Bouet, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), and Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Earth science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sheetings, Soil Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Termites, Rodents, Aggregation, Ecosystem, Organic matter, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Total organic carbon, chemistry.chemical_classification, Soil biological crusts, Ants, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Arid, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Aeolian processes, Clay, Bioturbation
Abstract

International audience; Wind erosion is a major threat to the sustainability of arid and semi-arid ecosystems. In these environments, biological soil crusts positively impact soil resistance to erosion. Less is known, however, on the impact of soil bioturbation by animals. In Southern Tunisia, bioturbation is mainly carried out by termites, ants and rodents which deposit mineral and organic components on the soil surface in the form of soil sheetings for termites or as soil heaps for ants and rodents. We here question the properties of these soils and measure their resistance to wind erosion. We showed that soil sheetings are made of sand grains linked together by bridges of organic matter, clay particles and other small size minerals such as carbonates and gypsum. The stability of these aggregates is comparable to that of biological soil crusts, despite their very different organizations. Conversely, the soil excavated by ants and rodents mainly consists in individual sand grains, which are impoverished in organic carbon and prone to wind erosion. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of termites, as key soil bioturbator, on the dynamics of soil aggregates in Southern Tunisia. It also shows that they have an opposite effect than that of ants and rodents on the resistance of soil to erosion.

Published
2021
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2. Comparison between eddy‐covariance and flux‐gradient size‐resolved dust fluxes during wind erosion events

Author

Béatrice Marticorena, Sylvain Dupont, B. Khalfallah, Christel Bouet, Gilles Bergametti, Royston Fernandes, Mohamed Labiadh, J.‐l. Rajot, Eric Lamaud, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), ANR-15-CE02-0013,WIND-O-V,Erosion éolienne en présence de végétation éparse(2015), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, dust flux, Field experiment, Eddy covariance, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Atmosphere, Flux (metallurgy), Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, wind erosion, flux-gradient, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, Particle, Environmental science, Aeolian processes, eddy-covariance, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Particle counter
Abstract

International audience; Estimating accurately dust emission flux during aeolian erosion events is crucial for quantifying the amount of dust in the atmosphere. The rare existing field experiments quantifying such flux were mainly performed using the flux-gradient (FG) method. Here, we present the first intercomparison of the size-resolved dust fluxes estimated by both the FG and the eddy-covariance (EC) methods during several erosion events. Both methods were applied simultaneously during the WIND-O-V (WIND erOsion in presence of sparse Vegetation)'s 2017 field experiment over an isolated erodible bare plot in South Tunisia. Overall, both methods predict similar dust fluxes for particle smaller than about 4 μm. For coarser particles, the EC method predicts a smaller dust flux than the FG method. Factors explaining this difference are discussed such as the different sampling heads used by the dust particle counters of both methods, or the possible weakening of the constant dust flux layer at the location of the upper dust particle counter of the FG method. This intercomparison highlights the difficulties and advantages of each method as well as their complementarity.

Published
2021
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3. Impact of Ploughing Techniques on Wind Erosion: Field Experiments Assessment

Author

Mohamed Labiadh

Subjects
Hydrology, education.field_of_study, business.product_category, business.industry, Field experiment, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Arid, Natural resource, Plough, Desertification, Agriculture, Aeolian processes, Environmental science, education, business, media_common
Abstract

Wind erosion is one of the main processes controlling the functioning of the Earth system. The continental surfaces vulnerable to wind erosion being estimated to 33 million km2 (Middleton and Thomas in World Atlas of Desertification. Arnold Publication, london, p. 182, 1997). In North African the arid and semi-arid regions which are vey prone to soil erosion by wind, the rapid increase in population and the socio-economic development have induced a growing demand on agricultural products. As a result, the pressure on natural resources is growing steadily with an expansion of the cultivated areas, stimulated by the introduction of modern ploughing techniques (such as the disc plough, the mouldboard plough and the tiller plough).

Published
2018
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4. Soil erosion by wind over tilled surfaces in South Tunisia

Author

Sébastien Perrier, Badie Attoui, Saad Sekrafi, Gilles Bergametti, M. Kardous, Noël Grand, Mohamed Labiadh, Béatrice Marticorena, Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut des Régions Arides

Subjects
business.product_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field experiment, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, Soil science, 01 natural sciences, Plough, Flux (metallurgy), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Tillage, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ChArMEx, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Aeolian processes, Environmental science, business
Abstract

Wind erosion flux measurements and associated micrometeorological parameters were obtained in South Tunisia over agricultural plots that have been tilled with different ploughing tools (mouldboard, tiller, disc). Complementary measurements were also performed to characterize the surface properties, especially the geometric characteristics of the ridges and the soil grain size distribution. The results clearly show that the wind erosion fluxes are significantly higher over agricultural surfaces tilled by disc plough compared to those measured on the plot tilled with mouldboard or tiller ploughs. The difference in the erosion fluxes is about a factor 4 between disc and tiller and an order of magnitude between disc and mouldboard. These results strongly suggest that the new techniques of tillage, like disc, could increase drastically the soil erosion by wind, at least on agricultural plots constituted of loose soils. These results were also used to test the parameterization proposed by Kardous et al., 2005a , Kardous et al., 2005b to simulate the horizontal fluxes of sediment produced by wind over ridged surfaces. The comparisons between the simulations performed by using this parameterization and the measured erosion fluxes show that this parameterization, despite its simplicity, reproduces quite satisfyingly the measurements whatever the type of surfaces and for both low and intense erosion events. However, sensitivity tests have pointed out that this parameterization is especially sensitive to the precision at which the geometric characteristics of the ridges are determined.

Published
2013
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5. Particle size distributions of South Tunisian soils erodible by wind

Author

Gilles Bergametti, Badie Attoui, Saâd Sekrafi, Mohamed Labiadh, Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Tunisia, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, Soil science, 01 natural sciences, soil, size distribution, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, wind erosion, education, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, education.field_of_study, Wind power, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Grain size, Geophysics, Particle-size distribution, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Aeolian processes, Particle size, business, Geology
Abstract

International audience; 180 samples representative of surface soils erodible by wind were collected in South Tunisia to retrieve their grain size distribution. Dry sieving using 13 sieves was favour to preserve as much as possible the soil aggregates in their natural state. Two different methods were used to characterize the grain size distribution; the φ method of moments and the use of a combination of log-normal statistical functions. Both methods underline the ubiquitous and dominant presence of a very fine sand population (around 100 µm in diameter), very well sorted (σ=1,23) which corresponds to the grain size range for which the wind energy required for initiating the aeolian erosion is minimum. This clearly suggests that most of the soils in South Tunisia have the potential to be easily eroded by wind. However, in about 1/3 of the samples mainly those located in Dahars and in the vicinity of mountains, a secondary population of coarse grains (1500 µm in diameter) is also observed. This coarse mode could significantly reduce the wind erosion of the soils where it is present by covering a part of the surface and by limiting the efficiency of the wind transfer to the surface.

Published
2011
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