1. Inhibition of aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis and down regulation of aflR and aflB genes in presence of benzimidazole derivatives without impairing the growth of Aspergillus flavus.
- Author
-
Dhanamjayulu P, Boga RB, and Mehta A
- Subjects
- Aflatoxin B1 genetics, Aspergillus flavus genetics, Aspergillus flavus growth & development, Aspergillus flavus metabolism, Food Contamination prevention & control, Oryza microbiology, Structure-Activity Relationship, Aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis, Aspergillus flavus drug effects, Benzimidazoles pharmacology, Fungicides, Industrial pharmacology
- Abstract
Aflatoxins are mutagenic secondary metabolites produced by certain ubiquitous saprophytic fungi. These contaminate agricultural crops and pose a serious health threat to humans and livestock all over the world. Benzimidazole and its derivatives are biologically active heterocyclic compounds known for their fungicidal activity. In the present study, second and sixth position substituted benzimidazole derivatives are tested for their antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity. Aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus cultured in Yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium as well as in rice in the presence and absence of test compounds. 2-(2-Furyl) benzimidazole (FBD) showed complete inhibition of fungal growth at 50 μg/mL. However, the polar derivatives of FBD viz. 6-NFBD, 6-AFBD, 6-CAFBD, and 6-CFBD did not impair the fungal growth but effectively inhibited aflatoxin B
1 biosynthesis. Significant down-regulation of aflR gene involved in regulation and aflB structural gene for aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis was observed in presence of 6-NFBD. These benzimidazole derivatives also showed good anti-aflatoxigenic activity in rice, though the IC50 concentrations in rice were comparatively higher than those in YES medium. This study summarizes the most notable structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 2-(2-Furyl) benzimidazoles for anti-aflatoxigenic and anti-fungal activities. These molecules can be further studied for their applications in industrial fermentation processes vulnerable to mold growth and subsequent aflatoxin B1 synthesis like koji fermentation, cheese production, etc., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
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