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A six-gene phylogeny of the Inocybaceae is presented to address classification of major clades within the family. Seven genera are recognized that establish a global overview of phylogenetic relationships in the Inocybaceae. Two genera- Nothocybe and Pseudosperma- are described as new. Two subgenera of Inocybe -subg. Inosperma and subg. Mallocybe- are elevated to generic rank. These four new genera, together with the previously described Auritella, Tubariomyces , and now Inocybe sensu stricto, constitute the Inocybaceae, an ectomycorrhizal lineage of Agaricales that associates with at least 23 plant families worldwide. Pseudosperma, Nothocybe , and Inocybe are recovered as a strongly supported inclusive clade within the family. The genus Nothocybe , represented by a single species from tropical India, is strongly supported as the sister lineage to Inocybe , a hyperdiverse genus containing hundreds of species and global distribution. Two additional inclusive clades, including Inosperma, Tubariomyces, Auritella , and Mallocybe , and a nested grouping of Auritella, Mallocybe , and Tubariomyces , are recovered but with marginal statistical support. Overall, the six-gene data set provides a more robust phylogenetic estimate of relationships within the family than do single-gene and single-gene-region estimates. In addition, Africa, India, and Australia are characterized by the most genera in the family, with South America containing the fewest number of genera. A total of 180 names are recombined or proposed as new in Inosperma, Mallocybe , and Pseudosperma . A key to genera of Inocybaceae is provided.

Cyphelloid fungi represent a polyphyletic assemblage of reduced agarics, including the brown-spored family Chromocyphellaceae. In order to elucidate the phylogenetic position of Chromocyphellaceae, newly generated sequences of Chromocyphella were included in a multigene alignment of the Agaricineae and phylogenetically analyzed. The current analyses show that the Chromocyphella muscicola specimen used to phylogenetically place Chromocyphellaceae in its original description was misidentified and that the Chromocyphellaceae nests in the Hymenogastraceae, Chromocyphella being sister to Flammula. Chromocyphella is emended, including now a new species with lamellate and stipitate basidiomata, C. lamellata. The name Cymbella crouanii, type species of Chromocyphella, is lecto- and epitypified. Our analyses support a new origin of cyphelloid fungi. The shift to a cyphelloid basidioma from an agaric ancestor is suggested to have occurred in two evolutionary steps in Chromocyphella, an initial reduction in basidioma size and a subsequent loss of lamellae and stipe.

Species in the Inocybe praetervisa group are characterized by producing nodulose to angular basidiospores and a bulbous, marginate, white stipe devoid of any pinkish to reddish tinge. Species delimitation problems and common misinterpretations in the I. praetervisa group have not yet been resolved through type studies and analysis of molecular data. This study seeks to clarify the taxonomy and nomenclature of species around I. praetervisa. Analyses of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed regions (ITS) recovered two major groups within the I. praetervisa group that can be separated on the basis of cystidial morphology. The study of three authentic and topotypic specimens in the Bresadola herbarium revealed that the name I. praetervisa has been misapplied often. The ITS region of one of the specimens was obtained, and this specimen is designated as epitype in support of a lectotype. Inocybe rivularis is demonstrated to be a later synonym of I. praetervisa, while Inocybe phaeocystidiosa is the correct name for the species most often misdetermined as I. praetervisa. Inocybe salicis-herbaceae and I. praetervisa var. flavofulvida are shown to be synonyms of I. phaeocystidiosa based on ITS sequence data from type collections. A new species sister to I. phaeocystidiosa with a Mediterranean distribution is described as I. praetervisoides. Cystidial morphology, distribution of caulocystidia, basidiospore morphology and ecology are shown to be the main diagnostic characters for separating the species. Inocybe praetervisa and I. phaeocystidiosa have a transoceanic distribution in Europe and North America, whereas I. praetervisoides so far is known only from the Mediterranean region., (© 2016 by The Mycological Society of America.)

The taxonomic position of Inocybe inexpectata is reconsidered on the basis of new molecular and morphological data from four published records. Up to three species can be recognized to which the name I. inexpectata has been applied. In addition to distinct morphological features present in this lineage it is proposed here as the new genus Tubariomyces. A complete taxonomical description of the genus and the species Tubariomyces inexpectatus and T. hygrophoroides sp. nov. also is provided.

We have conducted a taxonomic study of Cortinarius belleri, C. cistohelvelloides, C. impolitus and C. scobinaceus from material collected in Spain, France, Italy, Portugal and Morocco. Based on anatomy, morphology, ecology and distribution (geographical data) we recognize two species, C. impolitus and C. scobinaceus, and the new combination C. scobinaceus var. cistohelvelloides is made. Cortinarius belleri, C. cistohelvelloides, C. impolitus and C. scobinaceus have been typed, and a key for identification of these taxa is included.

In December 2016, a collection of mycenoid basidiomata with bright yellowish colors and small size was found fruiting on Pinus pinea bark in the coastal areas of the province of Huelva (Andalusia, Spain). Initially, the study of these specimens did not obtain conclusive results. In December 2019 and 2020 new collections were found in the same and nearby areas, and their study pointed in the direction that it represented the recently described species in Italy Chrysomycena perplexa. A detailed morphological and molecular study of these collections has shown that C. perplexa is a synonym of Mycena dunicola, previously described in the Iberian Peninsula in 2001, and the new combination is proposed here. A detailed description is given, as well as macro- and microscopical photographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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