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To improve the understanding of the clinical and laboratory features of the IgM multiple myeloma (MM).The clinical data of four cases of IgM MM patients were collected, their clinical and laboratory features were summarized and analyzed.Four patients met the criteria of IgM MM. They were all male. The age at the diagnosis ranged from 54 to 69 years. The primary symptoms included bone pain, hyperviscosity and bleeding. Three cases had κ-chain and only one case had λ-chain. They were all staged ⅢA according to the Durie-Salmon staging system (DSS). One case stagedⅠand three cases staged Ⅱ according to the international staging system (ISS). The average value of IgM, hemoglobin, serum calcium, creatinine and the proportion of bone marrow plasma cells were 83.6 (52.9-111.0) g/L, 79.5 (61.0-105.0) g/L, 3.20(2.11-6.00) mmol/L, 104.3 (56.0-171.0) μmol/L and 0.558 (0.290-0.775), respectively. Bone destruction was found in 3 cases. Immunophenotypes of bone marrow plasma cells were analyzed in 3 patients. Results showed that these cells expressed CD38 and CD138, and did not express CD19, CD20 and CD117. Chromosome and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were carried out in 4 cases and found that all of them had IgH translocations and 1q21 amplification, 2 cases had 13q and 17p deletion, and 3 cases had t(11;14). Three patients received bortezomib-based regimens as induction therapy and reached partial response (PR) - very good partial response (VGPR). Followed up to November 30, 2012, the median progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the 4 cases were only 6.0 (2.5-7.0) months and 17.5 (2.5-27.0) months, respectively.IgM MM is very rare and is no more than 0.5% in all types of MM. IgM MM have frequent t(11;14) and amp(1q21). Bortezomib-based regimens are effective for it, however, the disease progresses rapidly and has poor prognosis.目的 提高对IgM型多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者临床及实验室特征的认识。方法 收集4例IgM型MM患者的临床资料，对其临床及实验室特征进行总结、分析。结果 4例患者符合IgM型MM的诊断。4例均为男性，年龄54~69岁，初发症状包括骨痛、高黏滞血症、出血，3例轻链为κ型，1例为λ型，Durie-Salmon（D-S）分期均为ⅢA期，国际分期系统（ISS）分期：Ⅰ期1例，Ⅱ期3例。平均IgM 83.6（52.9~111.0）g/L，HGB 79.5（61.0~105.0）g/L，血钙3.20（2.11~6.00）mmol/L，肌酐104.3（56.0~171.0）μmol/L，骨髓浆细胞比例0.558（0.290~0.775），3例存在骨质破坏。3例患者行免疫表型检测均表达CD38、CD138，不表达CD19、CD20、CD117。染色体、荧光原位杂交检查结果显示4例患者均有IgH易位和1q21扩增，2例伴有13q和17p缺失，3例明确为t(11;14)。3例予以硼替佐米为主的方案诱导化疗，达到部分反应至非常好的部分反应。随访至2012年11月30日，无进展生存时间仅6.0（2.5~7.0）个月，总生存时间仅为17.5（2.5~27.0）个月。结论 IgM型MM非常罕见，在所有类型MM患者中不到0.5%，细胞遗传学异常以t(11;14)和1q21阳性多见，硼替佐米为主的方案治疗有效，但患者病情进展迅速，总体预后较差。

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bortezomib retreatment in 76 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM), who previously responded to bortezomib.Retrospective analysis of 76 MM patients, who had achieved at least a partial response (PR) on initial bortezomib therapy in our hospital from May 2006 to August 2011, received bortezomib retreatment when they relapsed or progressed.The overall response rate (ORR) was 60.5%, among them 6.5% patients achieved CR, 5.8% patients achieved very good partial response (VGPR), 38.2% patients achieved PR. Then we further stratified all patients into 3 groups according to the response of initial bortezomib therapy, including CR group, VGPR group and PR group. After bortezomib retreatment, the ORR of the 3 groups was 84.6%, 73.1% and 43.2%, respectively. According to the response of bortezomib retreatment, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 who at least achieved PR, group 2 who showed no response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) after bortezomib retreatment for group 1 and 2 was 7(1-39) and 5(1-14) months, respectively (P0.05), while the median overall survival (OS) after bortezomib retreatment was 16(2-64) and 8(1-28) months, respectively (P0.05). Adverse events (AE) were identified in 88% patients during bortezomib retreatment, including neutropenia, diarrhea and thrombocytopenia, only 9.2%(7 patients) reached Ⅲ-Ⅳ grade of AE. Severe peripheral neuropathy occurred in only one patient.Bortezomib retreatment regimen is demonstrated a higher response rate in patients who achieved deeper response in initial treatment, with no more adverse events.目的 探讨硼替佐米再治疗多发性骨髓瘤（MM）的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2006年5月至2011年8月收治的76例硼替佐米初次治疗疗效达部分反应（PR）以上，复发或疾病进展后予以硼替佐米再治疗的MM患者，评价硼替佐米再治疗的疗效及不良反应。结果 硼替佐米再治疗MM的总有效率（ORR）为60.5%，其中完全反应（CR）率 6.5%，非常好的部分反应（VGPR）率15.8%，PR率38.2%。按硼替佐米初治后疗效分为CR、VGPR、PR组，3组患者再治疗后ORR分别为84.6%、73.1%和43.2%。按患者硼替佐米再治疗后疗效分成2组，达到PR及以上的为有效组，未达到PR的为无效组，两组自硼替佐米再治疗后中位疾病无进展生存期分别为7（1~39）个月和5（1~14）个月（P0.05）；中位总生存期分别为16（2~64）个月和8（1~28）个月（P0.05）。88.2%的患者硼替佐米再治疗时出现不同程度的不良反应，其中仅9.2%（7例）患者为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级，主要为中性粒细胞减少、腹泻和血小板减少，仅1例发生严重的周围神经病变。结论 硼替佐米初治疗效好的MM患者，再予以硼替佐米治疗反应率高，不良反应发生率较前无明显增加。

To explore the value of conventional cytogenetic technique (CC), modified cell culture (long term culture and increasing the final concentration of colcemid) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in detection of chromosomal and genomic aberrations of multiple myeloma(MM).RHG banding was used to evaluate the efficiency of modified culture method on abnormal karyotype detection in 21 MM patients. The probes 1q21, 13q14 (RB1), 14q32 (IGHC/IGHV gene) were used to perform FISH in the detection of chromosomal and genomic aberrations of MM.Abnormal chromosomes were detected in 4 cases (19.1%) of the 21 MM patients with CC. After modified cell culture, abnormal karyotype was detected in 6 cases (28.6%). Abnormal chromosomes were detected in 12 of 18 cases (66.7%) using FISH. Panel FISH disclosed 1q21 amplification in 4 (22.2%), del(13q) abnormality in 5 (27.8%), 14q32 rearrangement in 8 (44.4%).FISH can significantly improve the detection rate of chromosomal aberrations in MM.