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To investigate the effects of methods of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) and combined intravenous and inhaled anaesthesia (CIIA) for laparoscopic radical gastrectomy under the same anaesthetic depth monitored by entropy indices.One hundred patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were randomly distributed into group I (anaesthetized by TIVA) and group II (anaesthetized by CIIA), each group including 50 patients. TIVA was performed with propofol and remifentanil by means of target controlled infusion (TCI) for the patients in group I. CIIA was performed for patients in group II by inhalation of sevoflurane and continuous infusion of remifentanil after anaesthesia induction, with state entropy (SE) maintained in the range of 45-60 and difference regarding response entropy (RE) and SE less than 10.3. The concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine in plasma from radial artery blood samples were measured and the durations of surgical operation, breathing recovery, extubation, awakening, and postoperative orientation recovery recorded; and 48 h postoperative adverse reactions at the following times: the time at which the patient becomes calm for 5 min after entering the operating theatre (T0); upon completion of pneumoperitoneum (PPT) (T1); 15 min after PPT (T2); intraoperative detection (T3), immediately after extubation (T4); and 15 min after extubation (T5).Comparing the measurements of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine in plasma of the above two groups at the same time, the difference between the measurements at T0 and T2, and T5 were not statistically significant (p0.05), whereas those at T1, T3, and T4 were statistically significant (p0.05). Specifically, the measurements for group I were significantly higher than those for group II; the differences regarding the duration of breathing recovery, extubation, and awakening in both groups were not statistically significant (p0.05). The postoperative orientation recovery duration for group II was significantly less than that that for group I (p0.05); none of the patients in either group had intraoperative awareness, and the incidence of adverse reactions, such as nausea, vomit, and agitation in both groups was not statistically significantly different (p0.05).At the same anaesthetic depth, the CIIA method outperforms the TIVA method in suppressing the stress response and obtaining smooth awakening after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer; therefore, the CIIA method has a better anaesthetic effect.

To evaluate the effect of chronic filariasis patients with lymphedema after comprehensive cared.A total of 386 chronic filariasis patients with lymphedema received the comprehensive care including soaking feet by TCM, washing feet by single Chinese medicine or clear water, preventing and eliminating invasive wound, physical training, raising the limb, and wearing suitable shoes. The attack frequency of inflammation of lymphatic vessels, the stage of lymphedema disease, and leg circumference were observed before and after the care.After the comprehensive care, the attack rates of inflammation of lymphatic vessels decreased from 9.65% to 4.67%, and there was a significant difference (χ2 =7.34, P=0.0067). The proportion of the patients with high stage of lymphedema disease decreased significantly (all P0.01), and the average leg circumference decreased of 1.06 cm. The skin appearance improved significantly. Other signs, such as pitting edema, ulcer, and skin folds also improved significantly (all P0.01).The comprehensive care for chronic filariasis patients with lymphedema has a remarkable effect and is worthy of further application.

To evaluate the effect of post-treatment PSA kinetics on the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa).We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 114 cases of locally advanced PCa treated by maximal androgen blockade (MAB) combined with brachytherapy, and analyzed the association of the changes in PSA kinetics with the prognosis of the patients.The median survival time of the patients was 81 (15 - 144) months, with 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of 91. 23%, 78.07% and 68.42% , respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that the baseline PSA level, PSA nadir, the time of PSA decreasing to nadir, PSA doubling time, and the extent of PSA declining were all predictive factors for the survival time of the PCa patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PSA nadir, the time of PSA decreasing to nadir, and the extent of PSA declining were three independent prognostic factors, which prolonged the long-term survival of the patients by 1.7, 3.2 and 6.8 times, respectively.For locally advanced PCa treated by MAB combined with brachytherapy, PSA nadir1 micro g/L, the time to nadir3 months, and the extent of PSA declining96% are independent prognostic factors.

To explore the prognostic factors of prostate cancer (PCa) patients and evaluate the effect of brachytherapy on survival time.A total of 289 PCa were recruited to collect their clinical and survival data. And their possible prognostic factors were analyzed. A further comparison of 5-year cumulative survival rate was made between the patients treated by maximal androgen blockade (MAB) and those on MAB plus brachytherapy.Their median survival time was 73 (7-144) months. And the 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates were 93.1%, 81.0% and 60.2% respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that prostate volume, basal level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, tumor stage, PSA nadir, time PSA decreasing to nadir and brachytherapy were all predictive factors for survival time. And multivariate analysis further demonstrated that Gleason score, tumor stage and PSA nadir were independent prognostic indicators. And the combination therapy based on brachytherapy could significantly increase the 5-year cumulative survival rate than MAB-based monotherapy.Gleason score, tumor stage and PSA nadir may predict the prognosis of PCa patients. And brachytherapy significantly improves patient survival.

To understand the epidemic dynamics of intestinal nematodiasis in Wujiang City.The residents of Yinghu Village of Wujiang City were investigated with Kato-Katz technique for the infections of intestinal nematodes, and the persons with the infections were administered with anthelmintics and they also received the health education.Of the 5 757 residents, 147 persons were infected with intestinal nematodes, with the average infection rate of 2.55%. The infection rates of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Tricuris trichiura were 1.96%, 0.49% and 0.24%, respectively. The repeated infection rate was 20.30%, that was 10.36 times higher than the new infection rate (1.96%).There are still regions and populations with high infection rates of intestinal nematodes in Wujiang City where the intestinal nematodiasis has been controlled. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring, prevention and control work.

To evaluate the effects of the different types of manipulation on prostate total specific antigen (tPSA), free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), and free-to-total prostate specific antigen (f/tPSA).A total of 160 males were enrolled from January 2006 to December 2009 in the Urology Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Of these patients, 23 had digital rectal examination (DRE), 21 had urethral catheterization, 28 had rigid cystoscopy, 35 had prostate biopsy, 35 underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and 18 underwent suprapubic prostatectomy. Blood samples were taken before, at 24 hours, and 4 weeks after the manipulation for PSA tests.The DRE had no significant effect on PSA. Catheterization and cystoscopy exerted significant increases in tPSA at 24 hours. However, these small increases may not be clinically significant. The fPSA and f/tPSA were not significantly changed. There was a marked increase in tPSA and fPSA, associated with a decrease in f/tPSA at 24 hours after biopsy. No significant alterations were found in tPSA, fPSA, and f/tPSA at 4 weeks after catheterization, cystoscopy, and biopsy. The TURP and prostatectomy caused significant increases in tPSA and fPSA at 24 hours, associated with decreases in f/tPSA. The tPSA and fPSA values were below the baseline levels at 4 weeks after TURP and prostatectomy, however, f/tPSA remained constant.The DRE, catheterization, and cystoscopy had no crucial effect on PSA. Prostatic biopsy, TURP and prostatectomy significantly affected the PSA levels, and their longitudinal courses should be considered while evaluating different forms of PSA levels.

To study the effect of finasteride on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) related gross hematuria in patients receiving anticoagulant.A total of 105 patients with BPH related gross hematuria were divided into an anticoagulant group (n = 81), treated with combined therapy of anticoagulants and finasteride, and a control group (n = 24), given finasteride only at 5 mg daily. The therapeutic effects were compared by a 6-month follow-up.In the anticoagulant group, gross hematuria was cured in 52 patients (64.2%), taking an average time of 3.9 weeks (1-6 weeks), and improved in 12 patients (14.8%), as compared with 16 patients cured (66.7%), 3.2 weeks taken (1-5 weeks), and 4 patients improved (16.7%) in the control group. The mean time taken to resolve hematuria was longer in the former (P0.05). But the cure rates had no significant differences either between the two groups or among the subgroups receiving different anticoagulants.Finasteride is an effective therapeutic for BPH related hematuria in patients receiving different anticoagulants. It makes no significant differences in cure and effectiveness rates between patients treated with and without anticoagulant, but takes an average of longer time to resolve hematuria in patients receiving anticoagulant.

To study the cytogenetic mechanism of bone metastasis of human prostate cancer (PCa).We analyzed chromosome variation by comparative genomic hybridization in 18 patients with prostate cancer to determine the chromosome variants associated with bone metastasis, and focused on 7 microsatellite sites on chromosome 10 for the detection of the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) by PCR-based microsatellite polymorphism analysis.In the 11 samples with bone metastasis, the variation rate of chromosome 10 was 90.9% (10/11), significantly higher than that of the others (P0.01). A much higher LOH frequency was observed at the 7 microsatellite loci on chromosome 10 and the highest located in 10q24. 2-q25.3 (D10S1693-D10S587) in the PCa patients with bone metastasis.There is a high-frequency LOH region in 10q24. 2-q25.3 (D10S1693-D10S587) on chromosome 10 in PCa patients with bone metastasis, which may be potentially involved in PCa progression and specific bone metastasis.

To assess the relationship between the XRCC1 polymorphism and susceptibility to lung cancer in non-smoking female on the basis of a hospital-based case-control study.Genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 50 patients with lung cancer and 50 controls. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression model to study the relationship between different genotypes and risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women. Furthermore, a multiplicative interaction between exposure to cooking oil smoke and the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele on risk of lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated.Individuals carrying Gln/Gln genotype were at an increased risk to suffer from lung adenocarcinoma as compared with those with the Arg/Arg genotype (OR: 14.12; 95% CI: 2.14 approximately 92.95, adjusted for age and cooking oil smoke). The OR of lung adenocarcinoma for the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele with exposure to cooking oil smoke was 6.29 (95% CI 1.99 approximately 19.85).The above described findings indicate that Arg 399Gln polymorphism in the XRCC1 is associated with risk of lung adenocarcinoma but not with risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung in non-smoking women.

BackgroundIn the last several years, research related to social determinants of health (SDH) has begun to resonate in the medical, behavioral, social and political sciences arena. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between SDH and depression, and to provide new evidences and clues for depression control and prevention.Methodology/principal findingsThis research was a cross-sectional survey executed door to door from October 2006 to April 2008, with a sample of 3,738 individuals aged 18 and older in rural China. The three variables of SDH were socioeconomic status (years of schooling and self-reported economic status of family), social cohesion and negative life events. Demographic variables and self-perceived physical health were taken as potential confounders. The cross-table analysis showed that variations in levels of depression were associated with variations in SDH, and logistic regression analysis confirmed the association even after adjusting for potential confounding variables.ConclusionsAlthough there were some limitations, the current study provides initial evidence of the importance of SDH in depression. Findings indicate that social inequity and the role of policy action emphasized by SDH should be considered high priorities when addressing the issue of depression. In addition, cell-to-society and pill-to-policy approaches should be encouraged in the future.