1. Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Measures of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Multiple Vascular Beds in Japanese Men
- Author
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Takashi Hisamatsu, Katsuyuki Miura, Hisatomi Arima, Aya Kadota, Sayaka Kadowaki, Sayuki Torii, Sentaro Suzuki, Naoko Miyagawa, Atsushi Sato, Masahiro Yamazoe, Akira Fujiyoshi, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Takashi Yamamoto, Kiyoshi Murata, Robert D. Abbott, Akira Sekikawa, Minoru Horie, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Yasutaka Nakano, Emiko Ogawa, Hiroshi Maegawa, Itsuko Miyazawa, Kenichi Mitsunami, Kazuhiko Nozaki, Akihiko Shiino, Isao Araki, Teruhiko Tsuru, Ikuo Toyama, Hisakazu Ogita, Souichi Kurita, Toshinaga Maeda, Naomi Miyamatsu, Toru Kita, Takeshi Kimura, Yoshihiko Nishio, Yasuyuki Nakamura, Tomonori Okamura, Emma J.M. Barinas‐Mitchell, Daniel Edmundowicz, Atsushi Hozawa, Nagako Okuda, Aya Higashiyama, Shinya Nagasawa, Yoshikuni Kita, Yoshitaka Murakami, Naoyuki Takashima, Takashi Kadowaki, Seiko Ohno, Keiko Kondo, Yoshino Saito, Maryam Zaid, Takahiro Ito, Takeshi Shibukawa, and Masaki Sumi
- Subjects
Carotid Artery Diseases ,Male ,lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Time Factors ,Epidemiology ,Cross-sectional study ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Coronary Artery Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ,cumulative pack-years exposure ,Coronary artery disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,prevention ,Japan ,Risk Factors ,Odds Ratio ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Original Research ,education.field_of_study ,Middle Aged ,Plaque, Atherosclerotic ,Primary Prevention ,Cardiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Aortic Diseases ,smoking ,Peripheral Arterial Disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,Asian People ,Internal medicine ,Tobacco Smoking ,Humans ,Ankle Brachial Index ,cumulative pack‐years exposure ,Risk factor ,Vascular Calcification ,education ,Aged ,business.industry ,Odds ratio ,Atherosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Former Smoker ,coronary artery calcification ,smoking cessation ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,lcsh:RC666-701 ,Subclinical atherosclerosis ,Asymptomatic Diseases ,Smoking cessation ,business - Abstract
Background:Smoking is an overwhelming, but preventable, risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), although smoking prevalence remains high in developed and developing countries in East Asia., Methods and results:In a population-based sample of 1019 Japanese men aged 40 to 79 years, without CVD, we examined cross-sectional associations of smoking status, cumulative pack-years, daily consumption, and time since cessation, with subclinical atherosclerosis at 4 anatomically distinct vascular beds, including coronary artery calcification, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and plaque, aortic artery calcification (AoAC), and ankle-brachial index. Current, former, and never smoking were present in 32.3%, 50.0%, and 17.7%, respectively. Compared to never smokers, current smokers had significantly higher risks of subclinical atherosclerosis in all 4 circulations (eg, odds ratios for coronary artery calcification >0, 1.79 [95% CIs, 1.16-2.79]; CIMT >1.0 mm, 1.88 [1.02-3.47]; AoAC >0, 4.29 [2.30-7.97]; and ankle-brachial index 1.0 mm, 1.94 [1.13-3.34]; and AoAC >0, 2.55 [1.45-4.49]). Dose-response relationships of pack-years and daily consumption, particularly with CIMT, carotid plaque, AoAC, and ankle-brachial index, were observed among both current and former smokers, and even a small amount of pack-years or daily consumption among current smokers was associated with coronary artery calcification and AoAC, whereas time since cessation among former smokers was linearly associated with lower burdens of all atherosclerotic indices., Conclusions:Cigarette smoking was strongly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in multiple vascular beds in Japanese men, and these associations attenuated with time since cessation.
- Published
- 2016
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