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The aim of this paper is to present the Lithuanian experience in creating a geriatric care system with the hope that it can be of some use to other countries undergoing similar transitions and changes. The Lithuanian population is old with 20% of the population being 60 years and older, and 15% being 65 years and older, with the trend toward a rapidly aging society. In 1990, Soviet rule in Lithuania ceased and the country regained its independence. With its recent acceptance into the European Union, the nation has set goals to meet the recommended requirements for the care of the elderly. The changes began with specialist training in gerontology and geriatrics, and were an essential first step to bridge the gap between the real and the future needs. Later, the Geriatric Care System Development Program was approved by the Ministry of Health. Despite its difficult past, Lithuania is confronting the challenges of health and social care of the aging population. It is embracing the opportunities to initiate policies and related measures to meet these challenges, and is potentially setting an example of good practice as a new European community., (Copyright 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.)