1. Purpurin ameliorates D-galactose-induced aging phenotypes in mouse hippocampus by reducing inflammatory responses.
- Author
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Kwon HJ, Hahn KR, Nam SM, Yoon YS, Moon SM, Hwang IK, and Kim DW
- Subjects
- Mice, Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Anthraquinones pharmacology, Hippocampus, Cytokines, Oxidative Stress, Galactose toxicity, Aging pathology
- Abstract
Purpurin, an anthraquinone, has potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in various types of brain damage. In a previous study, we showed that purpurin exerts neuroprotective effects against oxidative and ischemic damage by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we investigated the effects of purpurin against D-galactose-induced aging phenotypes in mice. Exposure to 100 mM D-galactose significantly decreased cell viability in HT22 cells, and purpurin treatment significantly ameliorated the reduction of cell viability, formation of reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with 6 mg/kg purpurin significantly improved D-galactose-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze test in C57BL/6 mice and alleviated the reduction of proliferating cells and neuroblasts in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. In addition, purpurin treatment significantly mitigated D-galactose-induced changes of microglial morphology in the mouse hippocampus and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, purpurin treatment significantly ameliorated D-galactose-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and cleavage of caspase-3 in HT22 cells. These results suggest that purpurin can delay aging by reducing the inflammatory cascade and phosphorylation of the c-Jun N-terminal in the hippocampus., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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