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Although the use of omethoate (OMT) for pests control is enormously economically beneficial for agricultural production, the high toxicity of OMT to nontarget organisms has resulted in the contamination of soil, river water, and food materials. Developing sensitive and convenient techniques to detect OMT residues is vital to society. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful analytical tool and has been widely applied in biosensors. To boost the co-reaction efficiency and ECL intensity, we introduced defective ZIF-8 as the novel cathodic luminophore. At the same time, defect generated by the doping of MoTe 2 nanoparticles into ZIF-8 could easily electrocatalytic reduce the co-reactor S 2 O 8 2− to SO 4 •- . Hence, based on the catalysis of defective ZIF-8, the ECL intensity of MoTe 2 /ZIF-8 nanocomposites is much higher than both ZIF-8 and MoTe 2 nanoparticles. By integration of as-prepared materials with specificity omethoate aptamer, the ECL sensor showed a broad linear range (10−10 g L−1 and 10−5 g L−1) and a comparatively low detection limit (3.3 × 10−11 g L−1). Besides, the ECL aptasensor appeared a good practical performance to detect potato and spinach extraction samples, which proposed a promising guideline for developing ECL aptasensors with high efficiency. •Defective ZIF-8 was induced by nanoparticle-doping via 'de novo' strategy. • The as-prepared defective ZIF-8 was employed as novel cathodic ECL luminophore. • High electrocatalytic active ZIF-8 significantly boosted co-reaction efficiency. • A high-performance ECL omethoate aptasensor was successfully established. • The ECL aptasensor exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]