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Alkaline pretreatment can improve the methane yields and dewatering performance of anaerobically digested sludge, but it still needs to be coupled with other conditioning methods in the practical dewatering process. This study utilized four different flocculants and a skeleton builder for conditioning of alkaline pretreatment-anaerobically digested sludge. Chitosan was found to be the most effective in dewatering the sludge. Chitosan coupled with rice husk powder further improved the dewatering performance, which reduced normalized capillary suction time, specific resistance to filtration, and moisture content by 98.7%, 82.0%, and 12.1%. For land use of biogas slurry as a fertilizer, chitosan conditioning promoted the growth of corn seedlings, while the other three flocculants diminished the growth of corn seedlings. Chitosan coupled with rice husk powder further promoted the growth of corn seedlings by 103.5%, 65.0%, and 53.7% in fresh weight, dry weight, and root length, respectively. Overall, chitosan coupled with rice husk powder not only enhanced the dewaterability of alkaline pretreatment-anaerobically digested sludge but also realized the resource utilization of agricultural waste. [Display omitted] • Alkaline pretreatment increased methane yield by 35.2%. • Alkaline pretreatment enhanced the dewaterability of anaerobically digested sludge. • The conditioning effect of chitosan was better than that of other flocculants. • The addition of rice husk powder can further improve the conditioning effect. • Both chitosan and rice husk powder promoted the growth of corn seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]