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Simple Summary: This review aims to deepen the understanding of buffalo farming in the Amazon, presenting the quality and nutritional value of buffalo meat and liver. We will explore the characteristics of nutrients and their influence on human health, with a special focus and particular emphasis in vitamins, minerals, and lipids. By investigating fatty acids and cholesterol, we seek to understand the complexity of lipids and their contribution to nutritional quality. The main objective of this study was to provide subsidies to improve buffalo farming practices, promote a healthier human diet and contribute to environmental sustainability in the Amazon region. Thus, this review aims to deepen the understanding of buffalo farming in the Amazon, presenting the quality and nutritional value of buffalo meat and liver. This information serves as a subsidy to improve practices related to the breeding system, nutrition, health and sustainability associated with aquatic buffaloes. For this, a review of the databases was carried out using the descriptors "nutritional value of buffalo meat", "nutritional value of buffalo liver" and "buffalo breeding in the Amazon". Thus, the consumption of foods derived from aquatic buffaloes has important nutritional value for human consumption. In view of this, it is possible to conclude that the nutrition of these animals is influenced by the biodiversity of the Amazon, giving unique characteristics to its products, also highlighting the importance of carrying out research that aims to value the potential use of this species and strengthen the economy of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Environmental factors like climate, diet, and farming methods significantly affect microbial activity and composition. Understanding these adjustments is crucial for improving ruminant nutrition and production. This review summarizes research on rumen microbiota and molecular methods for microbial identification in ruminant rumen fluid. Analyzing rumen microbiology in various ruminants is challenging due to environmental and nutritional influences on microbial interactions. Key genera include Entodinium spp. and Aspergillus spp. for protozoa and fungi, respectively, with Fibrobacter spp. prevalent among bacteria. Major techniques involve DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing. In conclusion, this review highlights the knowledge in the literature about rumen microorganisms and the associated molecular approaches. Variations in environments, including climate, diet, and agricultural practices, significantly impact the composition and microbial activity. A profound understanding of these adaptations allows for the improvement of nutrition and ruminant production. Therefore, this review aims to compile data from the literature on the rumen microbiota and molecular techniques for identifying the different types of microorganisms from the rumen fluid of ruminants. Analyzing the literature on rumen microbiology in different ruminants is complex due to microbial interactions, influenced by the environment and nutrition of these animals. In addition, it is worth noting that the genera of protozoa and fungi most evident in the studies used in this review on the microbiology of rumen fluid were Entodinium spp. and Aspergillus spp., respectively, and Fibrobacter spp. for bacteria. About the techniques used, it can be seen that DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing were the most cited in the studies evaluated. Therefore, this review describes what is present in the literature and provides an overview of the main microbial agents in the rumen and the molecular techniques used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]