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Mele A, Leopardi G, Sparaventi G, Nicolini G, D'Adamo F, Guiducci B, Barulli S, Malerba L, Stramigioli S, Talevi N, Politi P, Isidori A, Malagola M, Piccaluga P, Visani G. Mini-ICE effectively mobilises peripheral blood stem cells after fludarabine-based regimens in acute myeloid leukaemia.Eur J Haematol 2005: 74: 277–281.© Blackwell Munksgaard 2005.Fludarabine-based cycles severely impair mobilisation and collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In an effort of reversing this side-effect, we studied the action on mobilisation and collection of PBSC of a low-dose regimen: 5-d Mini-ICE (oral idarubicin and etoposide; subcutaneous cytosine arabinoside) administered after fludarabine-based regimens in seven adult AML patients. Leukapheresis were started when the CD34+ cell count was more than 10/μL. The median number of harvested CD34+ cells was 8.1 × 106/kg (range 3.08–15.2). All the patients were successfully submitted to PBSC transplantation. Median times to neutrophil and platelet recovery were rapid with a normal transfusional support. We suggest that the Mini-ICE programme is feasible, well tolerated and effective in terms of PBSC mobilisation and collection in low-yield AML patients previously treated with fludarabine. It is well known that a negative effect on stem cell mobilisation and harvest is observed not only after fludarabine administration in AML or low-grade lymphomas, but also after cycles based on different agents, such as thalidomide in multiple myeloma. This preliminary experience, if confirmed on larger series and/or other haematological malignancies, could open new opportunities to perform autologous PBSC transplantation in heavily pretreated cases, allowing a full source of therapeutic options before the start of the mobilisation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]