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This study investigates the cluster approach to optimize strategies for agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, emphasizing geographical proximity as a key factor in cluster formation. The research applies Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) and Ward's hierarchical clustering to classify enterprises based on storage capabilities, transport logistics, crop yields, and military risk exposure. By analyzing these factors, this study identifies distinct patterns of innovation adoption, strategic management, and economic resilience among the clusters. The findings highlight variations in competitiveness and resource efficiency, providing a detailed understanding of regional economic performance. Unlike previous research, this study offers a novel integration of conflict-related risks into the clustering methodology, revealing new insights into how military factors influence cluster dynamics. Comprehensive maps and diagrams illustrate the spatial and economic distribution of clusters, aiding in visual interpretation. The results propose strategic measures tailored to enhance agricultural productivity and competitiveness, particularly in Ukraine's current military context. This approach offers a more adaptive framework for managing agricultural enterprises, promoting resilience and long-term sustainability in global markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study calculates profitability and identifies the determinants influencing the profitability of enterprises engaged in growing cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oilseeds in AP Vojvodina in 2022. The analysis is based on data from 320 small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises using multiple linear regression, with Return on Assets (ROA) as the dependent variable. Descriptive statistics showed a median ROA of 2.62%, indicating relatively low profitability. The regression model revealed that liquidity, indebtedness, asset structure, total asset turnover ratio and company size significantly impact profitability. Liquidity and indebtedness negatively affect profitability, suggesting unproductive resource use and high debt levels. Asset structure also negatively impacts profitability, indicating inefficient use of fixed assets. Conversely, the total asset turnover ratio and company size positively influence profitability, reflecting efficient asset use and better investment opportunities. The study recommends better liquidity management, debt reduction, optimizing asset structure, increasing asset turnover efficiency, and leveraging company size to improve profitability. These strategies can enhance financial performance and competitiveness, contributing to the sustainable growth of agricultural enterprises in Vojvodina.

Introduction. Agriculture, despite its strategic role in the economy, is characterized by a number of problems, the features of which largely depend on the specifics and conditions of a particular territory both at the state level and at the level of a particular region. In this regard, it is relevant to conduct a qualitative analysis of the state of agriculture and implement measures aimed at solving the identified problems.Goal. To analyze the level of agricultural development in the Stavropol Territory in the context of municipal and urban districts, to determine the directions of its improvement, to formulate the expected results.Materials and methods. The study is based on a statistical analysis of the indicators of agricultural development in the region using the method of comparison and formal logic.Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis, ratings of municipal and urban districts of the Stavropol Territory were compiled for the production of gross agricultural output in the region, in terms of crop production and livestock production, leader territories and outsider territories were identified, industry problems were identified and directions for their solution were determined by stimulating the development of small business and the creation of an agricultural educational cluster of university type in the region.Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the proposed measures will improve the level of agricultural development and, as a result, increase the level of socio-economic development of the region. The creation of a university-type agricultural educational cluster will allow for an effect on four levels: for students, for educational organizations, for partner enterprises and for the region.

The Russian military invasion has caused a collapse in food supplies from Ukraine to world markets. The transformation of Ukrainian export logistics has been carried out under critical conditions and extremely limited deadlines. This article evaluated the transformations in logistics in the grain and oilseeds markets due to the war, discussed the impact of international agreements on export and logistics supply chains, and proposed marketing strategies for the trade of grain, oilseeds, and related products during wartime. The authors employed various general scientific and special methods and approaches, including a systematic approach, abstract-logical and graphic methods, retrospective and comparative analysis, correlation-regression analysis, and forecasting methods. A periodisation of the export logistical transformation due to the war was used. It included the following stages: the collapse of logistics; the growth of exports due to the impact of international agreements; and the operation of an alternative Ukrainian maritime corridor with the support of international partners. The significant impact of production and sales transformations caused by the war on the growth of wheat export logistics costs for various supply bases was demonstrated. The authors concluded that the export logistics risks were primarily mitigated by low grain and oilseed prices for agricultural producers. An assessment of the grain, oil crops, and processing products export market in Ukraine was also provided. The development of effective marketing strategies was highlighted. The practical value of the study lies in the use of the research results for developing marketing strategies for enterprises and European cooperation development projects in the agrarian sector

The article examines the financial and credit infrastructure of agriculture and the credit mechanism as elements of the financial and credit systems of the state. The institutional and functional structures of the financial and credit infrastructure of agriculture are analyzed. The trends, problems and features of the formation and functioning of the credit mechanism of the agro-industrial complex are considered. Recommendations for improving the credit mechanism of the agro-industrial complex have been formulated. Methodical approaches to forms of agribusiness lending are proposed and a description of certain types of lending, most acceptable for enterprises in agriculture, is given. The need for the formation of special lending mechanisms for agricultural production enterprises, adapted to the specifics of the industry, has been proven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of martial law in Ukraine, when the oil refining industry has stopped and most of the logistics chains have been destroyed, the issue of ensuring the availability of fuel and energy resources for agricultural production – the guarantor of food supply in Ukraine and the world – is of particular relevance. The purpose of the article was to study the consumption of petroleum products in the agricultural sector of Ukraine under martial law, to investigate the state and state regulation of the market and fuel from petroleum products, and to forecast their price in the future. The following methods were used in the article: dialectical, abstract and logical, statistical, correlation and regression, tabular and graphical, analysis of series of dynamics and structural changes, comparison, strategic planning and forecasting. Based on the results of the research carried out using statistical methods, the article analyses the consumption of petrol and diesel fuel by agricultural enterprises and calculates their cost per hectare of harvested area. It was found that the decrease in fuel consumption in 2022 was due to the fact that ¼ of the sown areas were not sown due to the war. The share of fuel used for the needs of the agricultural sector was also investigated. The correlation and regression analysis revealed a close relationship between the exchange rate and the price of diesel fuel in Ukraine, and a negative relationship between the world oil price and the price of diesel fuel. Due to the established dependence, a model for calculating the price of diesel fuel based on world oil prices and the exchange rate is developed, and the price is calculated. It is substantiated that the main economic method of state regulation of the fuel market is the establishment of an excise tax. It is concluded that the reduction in the consumption of fuel and energy resources in the agricultural sector of Ukraine has led to a decrease in the energy intensity of agricultural products. The results of the research are of practical importance, which will allow identifying destabilizing factors in the oil and oil products market, as well as formulating the State’s policy that will promote the use of energy resources, in particular liquid fuel, in agriculture under martial law

The application of the use of different types of loans in the real organization of agricultural production in Republic of Serbia was the focus of the authors of the study. The goal of the research was to determine the existence of legality based on the analysis of 7 factors affecting the loans of agricultural farms and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, namely: limit, repayment delay, efficiency, average exchange rate, possibility of repayment, increase in production, currency, as well as the overall score of all analyzed factors as well as the total score. Using the t test (Table 1), the authors found that there are significant differences in the evaluation of all 7 analyzed factors (p

The importance of realistic financial reporting depends on the consideration of numerous factors by the decision maker. In this paper, the authors focused on a comprehensive analysis of agricultural machinery in use by individual farms and medium-sized agricultural enterprises. The main conclusion reached by the authors would be that there are significant differences regarding the use of agricultural machinery in relation to its age, value, fuel consumption and its maintenance (p<0.0005*) in relation to the two forms of organizing agricultural production. Medium-sized agricultural enterprises use younger, more expensive agricultural machinery, as well as the fact that the owner's satisfaction with it is somewhat lower with lower fuel consumption and lower maintenance costs of agricultural machinery. The value of agricultural mechanization can be predicted both for individual farms based on the mentioned factors (F=262.901, p<0.0005) and for medium-sized agricultural enterprises (F=161.229, p<0.0005). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of the use of different types of loans in the real organization of agricultural production in Republic of Serbia was the focus of the authors of the study. The goal of the research was to determine the existence of legality based on the analysis of 7 factors affecting the loans of agricultural farms and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, namely: limit, repayment delay, efficiency, average exchange rate, possibility of repayment, increase in production, currency, as well as the overall score of all analyzed factors as well as the total score. Using the t test (Table 1), the authors found that there are significant differences in the evaluation of all 7 analyzed factors (p<0.0005*). In addition, the authors determined that there are significant differences in the evaluation of the use of three types of loans (p<0.0005*) by agricultural farms and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the development of a methodical approach to modelling a synthetic indicator of the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises using the tools of neural networks. The authors used general scientific and special research methods, such as monographic, logical-theoretical, statistical and economic-mathematical, visualization, system analysis, taxonomy and neural network modelling, generalization, logical abstraction and conclusion generation. The study was based on materials from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, scientific developments of foreign and domestic scientists on the defined topic, and financial statements of the agricultural enterprises of Vinnytsia region LLC «Ahrokompleks «Zelena dolyna», PJSC «Dashkivtsi», LLC «Selyshchanske», PE «Dary sadiv», PE «Fortuna» the main type of economic activity of which according to Classification of economic activities 01.11 – cultivation of cereals (except rice), legumes and oilseeds. The article develops and presents a non-classical approach to the assessment of the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises has been developed, which is based on the principles of neural network modelling. It allows to obtain a well-founded quantitative indicator, which can be easily interpreted into a linguistic evaluation on a three-level scale of competitiveness and used for comparison, monitoring and making sound decisions on improving the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. The non-classical approach complements traditional methods of competitiveness assessment, expanding their capabilities and eliminating certain limitations. The use of neural network modelling in competitiveness assessment allows to take into account complex and non-linear relationships between different factors and indicators, which contributes to an increase in the objectivity and accuracy of competitiveness assessment, which in turn allows enterprises to make better decisions and improve their strategies to achieve success in the market. The results of the study can be used to support strategic decision-making in the agricultural sector, identify priority development directions, and improve the competitive strategies of enterprises and the functioning of business processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China’s mega-project «One Belt, One Road» is a continuation of the government project known as the «New Silk Road», aimed at creating a transport corridor between China and European countries. Within the terms of this project, the countries of Central Asia, to which the Republic of Uzbekistan belongs, were assigned the role of territories through which several complementary branches of transit of Chinese goods to Europe and South Asia pass. The article’s purpose is to study the status and possibilities of interstate cooperation between the PRC and Uzbekistan in the industry of agriculture along with implementation of related infrastructure projects. Cooperation between the two countries is directed not only towards the development of transport and infrastructure facilities, but also of some industries, attractive for export-import activities of both countries, particularly, agriculture. The common features of socio-historical development and the absence of ideological antagonism between governments contribute to their harmonious economic cooperation. The reforms carried out in China’s industry and agriculture had both positive and negative consequences. As industrialization continues to spread rapidly in the country, huge agricultural areas are turning into industrial zones. As a result, there is a problem of insufficiency of territories suitable for agriculture. The Republic of Uzbekistan is the sixth largest producer and second largest exporter of cotton in the world. In recent years, the acreage in the country has decreased significantly. The main reason is the lack of water. Cooperation between the two countries is aimed at overcoming these problems. Attracting China’s investments exclusively into agriculture of Uzbekistan, without the implementation of related infrastructure projects, will not give a significant economic effect. Among the intentions of joint cooperation between China and Uzbekistan is also the construction of solar power plants, renewable energy facilities, telecommunications networks and infrastructure projects.

Anticipatory management plays an important role in the quality functioning and development of the enterprise, which determines the relevance of the study of the selected problem. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the importance of anticipatory management in the management of agricultural enterprises through the introduction of anticipatory teams into the organizational structure, which was caused by the destabilization of the external and internal environment in the conditions of the RussianUkrainian war. During the research, general scientific and special methods were used: analysis and synthesis, abstract-logical. The types of crisis situations that may occur on the enterprise have been studied. The main factor of the onset of the crisis in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine has been determined. Special attention is paid to the consequences of Russian military aggression. An analysis of the main performance indicators of agricultural enterprises was carried out. The share of Ukrainian companies that have anticipative teams was determined. The urgency of forming anticipatory teams in agricultural enterprises is indicated, which is a necessary means of forecasting and overcoming all possible crises. The basic structure of the company's anticipatory team has been formed. It was established that solving the current crisis problems requires the involvement of specialists both at the state level and consultants from international organizations. It is recommended to create anticipatory teams at the level of agricultural enterprises, which will provide an opportunity for producers to quickly respond to crisis situations; it will be appropriate to implement the recommendations developed by the anticipatory team of donors. Thus, this study brings new knowledge about the specifics of the functioning of anticipatory teams and has practical value for Ukrainian agricultural enterprises in overcoming the consequences of crisis situations, including the Russian-Ukrainian war

A large number of studies have been conducted examining certain aspects of the financial situation of agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. However, the overall situation of these companies has rarely been the subject of analysis in previous studies. Therefore, this paper represents an attempt to comprehensively assess the financial conditions of large and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. Three models (Emerging market scoring, DF Indicator and G-Index) were used to analyse the key areas of financial security (liquidity and debt) and business success of 38 agricultural enterprises in the period from 2017 to 2021. By classifying the total values recorded into zones of financial health, an assessment of their overall position was made. The companies studied at the group level showed a satisfactory financial situation, due to favourable performance in individual cases, while the majority of enterprises were at risk in all business dimensions studied, with the exception of debt. During the analysis period, most of the companies under review recorded low liquidity, which was often accompanied by low profitability. The results of this work provide an insight into the key specifics of the activity of agricultural companies from the point of view of financial analysis and, in this sense, represent an important additional tool in the process of their management, but also contribute to creating an adequate basis for comparison with other business activities in the Republic of Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are the effects of subsidies on farm productivity heterogeneous? Does the direction and magnitude of subsidies impact depend on farm specialization? To address this question, I use farm-level data from Amur region in the Russian Far East for 2010–2014. The data set includes farms inputs and output as well as state subsidies and degree of farm specialization. The latter is defined as the share of crop production in total farm revenue. The sample of farms is not random but includes almost the entire set of corporate farms in the Amur Region. Using the data, I estimate the production function that allows me to study the relationships between total factor productivity (TFP), farms specialization and state subsidies. To test whether farm specialization moderates the impact of subsidies on TFP, an interaction term between specialization and subsidies was included in the model. So, I study how the marginal effects of subsidies change conditional on degree of specialization. My findings support the heterogeneous effect of subsidies on TFP depending on the degree of farm specialization. High degree of specialization on livestock production is associated with negative effects of subsidies on TFP, while I don’t fine a statistically significant connection between subsides and TFP for farms specializing on crop production. The research contributes to the discussion about the effects of state supports and subsidies on agricultural development and productivity in Russia and particularly in the Russian Far East

The Ethiopian government has a package of encouraging youths to participate in small and micro agricultural enterprises by giving legal certificate for youths who were organized in-group to start the business by providing financial supports in terms of credit. However, youths are less willing to participate in agricultural enterprises. Even after being organized into groups and having supports from government, some of them were not starting the business and some were interrupting the business they have been organized. Due to these, huge amount of money from the government, which was allocated for this purpose, is not being used as expected. Therefore, this study was intended to assess factors affecting rural and peri-urban youth participation in agricultural enterprises in Bena-Tsemay and Debubi Ari woreda of south omo zone. Two-stage sampling technique was used to select 155 sample households. Logit model was used to analyze determinants of youth's participation in agricultural enterprises. The result of this study indicated that 32.3% respondents were participated and 67.7% were not participated in enterprises. Econometric results revealed that variables such as farm size, institutional capacity building, and weather road significantly affected youths’ participation in agricultural enterprises at 1% and 5% significance level. The study recommends that the provision of land for the agricultural enterprises should consider the size/type of the enterprises that youth are willingness to participate. The government should specify the institution/sector to enterprise type and consideration of all-weather roads for each enterprise type during organizing youth in different agricultural enterprises is important.

The audit of agribusiness operations is present in companies with significant agricultural potential, which can be accepted as justified in our conditions. The agricultural sector is one of the development sectors in the Republic of Serbia, which necessarily represents a significant economic resource, and therefore the object of business audit. The factors of modern audit-based processes are conditioned by the complexity and subject specificities of the object being audited, which is expressed in the conditions of the agricultural sector. This paper will present the application of a quantitative planning method that is widely used in complex processes, and which can also be applied in the auditing processes of agricultural enterprises.

The field of agriculture has a significant role in the context of providing the necessary amount of food resources for the population without causing degradation of natural sources. Sustainable agriculture aims to apply balanced food production systems and involve the most relevant agricultural practices that promote productivity and at the same time help sustain the ecosystem without affecting water and soil quality. During the study of the economic factor of sustainable development of agricultural enterprises, there is an urgent need to differentiate the dynamic characteristics of different levels, which reflect the processes of its transition to a new state. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the progress of the economic component of the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The purpose of the article is to analyze the available indicators at the country level that characterize the economic plane of sustainable development in the field of agriculture, as well as to analyze the efficiency and intensity of activity of industry enterprises of the Kharkiv region and Ukraine. Monitoring of indicators of relevant sustainable development goals in the national system of the Central Development System was carried out. The dynamics of indicators of efficiency and intensity in the sphere of agriculture of Ukraine over several years have been studied. The conducted research made it possible to identify a number of trends in the assessment of agricultural factors at the macro level.On the basis of individual enterprises of the Kharkiv region, the relationship between the efficiency and intensity of economic activity was analyzed and the highest indicator of profit per 1 ha of land was revealed in the group with a high efficiency indicator, which may be a consequence of the involvement of sustainable practices. The obtained results make it possible to identify actual problems, to determine the priority of solving the tasks of economic policy in the field of agriculture at different levels

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Sustainable development is a concept that is constantly evolving, being discussed at the global, national, and local levels, not only among individuals but also within organisations. However, the importance of this concept lies in its complexity. The article's main goal is to identify the approaches of selected Czech companies to promote the concept of sustainable development and evaluate the basic factors that impact competitiveness. The data were obtained based on quantitative research (questionnaire survey of data collection) in selected organisations (n = 179) and additional qualitative research in the form of individual interviews with representatives of agricultural enterprises (n = 8). Data were processed using chi-square tests and factor analysis to identify latent variables. Key approaches to promoting the concept of sustainable development include an emphasis on process approach, non-financial business performance, and sector stability. The basic factors for competitiveness are quality relationships with stakeholders and the implementation of an integrated management system.

The purpose of this paper is to systematize and justify the factors for the effective implementation of digitalization to ensure the innovative development of agriculture in Azerbaijan. Based on the survey completed by 1,513 senior managers of agricultural enterprises in Azerbaijan, the key factors and barriers to a digitalization of agriculture were substantiated: the cost of introducing and using digital technologies, unregulated legislative processes of digitalization of the industry, and the level of cybersecurity. The levels of development of digitalization of the country's agricultural sector have been determined and empirically substantiated the qualitative nature of the influence of digitalization factors on the innovative development of agricultural enterprises using the regression modeling method. The results obtained can help develop a state strategy for enhancing the digitalization of the country's agricultural sector to ensure its innovative development, food security, and diversifying the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: The main structural problems related to agricultural enterprises in Turkey are the small scale of the enterprises, the fragmented and multi-shareholding of the enterprise land. However, insufficiencies in infrastructure investments that provide direct access to the parcel and irrigation canal, the increase in the misuse of agricultural lands, constantly shrinking and fragmented lands, migration and land abandonments threaten land management and food security. To solve these problems and create a sustainable land market, Soil Conservation and Land Use Law numbered 5403 was issued in 2005, is of great importance. In this study, the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers who made agricultural land purchases and sales (230 farmers) in September, October and November of 2019 in Konya province and the structural developments after the new land law were examined, and the factors affecting their perspectives on the policies applied on land markets were determined by “Multinominal Logistic Regression” analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that as the age of the farmers selling land increased, their views on the new land law were negatively affected, and the increase in the number of shares of the sellers who had more than one share positively affected their views on the new land law.

One of the main tasks of controlling is to identify the deviations of actually achieved results compared to the planned and to find out reasons for their occurrence. Lack of attention to this activity can have negative impact on the company's performance. The paper focuses on identification of selected research results that was conducted in Slovak agricultural enterprises. The main goal of the paper is to evaluate and analyse the approach of agricultural enterprises in Slovakia to the implementation of deviations analysis. The basic technique applied for data collection was a questionnaire survey, which was supplemented by a direct interview with managers of selected agricultural entities. The implementation of the questionnaire survey was preceded by a pre-research (pilot study) carried out in the Czech Republic. Obtained data were statistically examined applying the XLStat statistical program. Based on achieved research results we confirmed presumptions from the theoretical background elaborated in the paper, stating that the analysis of deviations is an integral part of controlling. Furthermore, we identify problematic areas for deviations analysis and also controlling implementation in agricultural enterprises in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collapse of socialism changed the global picture of the world order and on international plan shifted most of the ex-communist countries of Europe towards Euro-Atlantic integration and membership in the European Union. The economic and social transition of most post-socialist states under the influence of Euro-Atlanticists and domestic pro-Western reformers, is taking place under Washington's consensus. The proposal of international mentors was the urgent privatization, liberalization and decentralization of the economy and society. The aim of the paper is to analyze the privatization of Serbian agriculture according to the shock model, both from the aspect of the application of regulations and the work of institutions, as well as the evaluation of the success of the procedure and privatization effects. Privatization of agricultural enterprises in Serbia has shown numerous weaknesses, which manifest in the work of institutions, inadequate strategy and vision, and in economic terms of stagnation of livestock breeding, reduction of the number of agricultural holdings and increase of unemployment. In this context, the experiences of Germany and China and some European Union countries were presented, which in the choice of transition path were guided primarily by their state and national interests.

The role and content of the financial function can be seen through the identification of its tasks. They determine the volume and method of organization of the financial function in agricultural enterprises. Hierarchical priorities of tasks, their volume and complexity, the impact on business efficiency are just some aspects that affect its organization. Multi-criteria optimization methods can be used in choosing the organization and setting the model of job specialization within the organizational structure of the financial function of agricultural enterprises. By applying the individual methods that have been applied so far, not all requirements could be fully covered, so in this paper we applied a hybrid optimization model - DEMATELTOPSIS. The DEMATEL method was used for obtaining the weighting coefficients of the criteria on the basis of which the evaluation of alternatives was performed. The selection of criteria for evaluating the model was based on the analysis of the available literature. Evaluation and selection of models was performed using a multicriteria method - TOPSIS. The paper presents the practical application and sensitivity analysis of the TOPSIS method.

Since agriculture is the highly important economic activity in the Republic of Serbia, it is necessary to create an environment in which competitive agricultural enterprises will develop. However, regions in the Republic of Serbia considerably differ regarding the intensity of agricultural activity. This paper examines the impact of agricultural enterprises on the region's contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the country in the period between 2010 and 2018. Activity of agricultural enterprises was observed using number of agricultural enterprises, number of employees in them, their turnover and gross value added. Random-Effects GLS regression showed that regions with higher agricultural activity contribute to the lesser extent to the GDP of the country. Research results are robust to changing sampling period and lagging independent variables. In this regard, several proposals have been recommended.

The paper aims to assess the factors affecting the financial security of agrarian enterprises to create the proper conditions for the stable functioning of agricultural enterprises. The research period covers the years 2013-2016. Agrarian business management is currently affected by times of instability and uncertainty leading to an increase in economic and financial risks. The situation in agriculture requires addressing – forming a mechanism for the financial security of agricultural enterprises and developing a methodology for its evaluation. In the study, essence and structure of organizational support of financial security management as a critical component of economic security of agrarian enterprises was revealed. The main preconditions for providing financial security of agricultural enterprises through a prism of their financial status based on the achieved results of recent years are considered. The analysis of the leading indicators of financial security of agricultural development is carried out. Threats of an enterprise’s financial security are identified. Identifying financial security threats contribute to the timely application of adequate tools to minimize the effects of risks or maximize the factors that positively impact the financial performance of agrarian enterprises.

The subject of the study is a set of organizational features of the formation and use of labor of agricultural enterprises. The aim of the work is to study the features of the organization of the formation and use of labor of agricultural enterprises in a market economy and determine the place and its role in the implementation of the strategy of innovative development of the agricultural economy of Ukraine. The methodological basisof the article is statistical and mathematical methods of clarifying the factors of labor organization in agricultural enterprises, carried out both in the process of its formation and in the process of use. Result of work. The article defines the organizational features of the formation and use of labor of agricultural enterprises, the inevitability of large-scale changes in the structure and quality of the labor force associated with the specifics of agricultural production. The organizational principles of formation and use of labor force in the conditions of formation of innovative technological changes are analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of natural, economic and social conditions that require the appropriate quality of the labor force and its General competence, socio-demographic characteristics that determine the supply and demand for it. Scope of application of the results that can be used in the activities of agricultural enterprises in order to form a labor force in terms of equipping with the latest technology and increasing the level of mechanization, electrification and automation of basic labor processes, as well as changes in the complexity of agricultural production, which is accompanied by increased demand for labor than the means of production. Summary. The formation of effective working capacity in agricultural enterprises provides organizational and socio-economic features that provide for their effective use, the use of material incentives and socially oriented motivational mechanisms that will improve the productivity of labor. The most effective way to increase the level of labor use and labor productivity indicators is to effectively support the development of highly productive agricultural production and business, as well as adjusting the structure of the economy in the direction of expanding consumer industries and services. This problem is complex and requires the introduction at the state level and the implementation of an integrated system of legal, economic, social, medical, educational, cultural, organizational and environmental measures.

The types of agricultural risks in the activities of business entities is considered. The main risk types are grouped in order to understand their impact on an agricultural enterprise. The existing schemes of risks classification are generalized. The classification scheme for the main types of risks of agricultural enterprises is systematized and updated. Certain industry peculiarities of their manifestation are emphasized for a more substantiated identification of risks of agricultural enterprises. Factors that generate the possibility of expenditure for a specific type of risk are determined. Industry peculiarities of risk manifestation are emphasized. Reasons causing risk manifestation as well as level or field of managerial influence aimed at preventing and minimization of risks are identified. The author’s approach to the classification of risks of agricultural business entities is proposed. It is based on the application of the system methodology for scale interpretation, classification features (criteria) and the essence of risks, which are known in modern science, subject to the idea that all analyzed risks are of economic nature. A system approach to the classification of risks of agricultural commodity producers consists in identification of existing system units – types, classes and kinds. Risk classification based on system methodology along with the identification of risk types, classes and kinds depending on their scale, classification criteria and essence will contribute to the development of the differentiated levers for their management. It is proved that such risk types as systematic, non-systematic, dynamic include their related classes (entrepreneurial and financial, macroeconomic genesis), market and natural risks.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the socio-economic conditions of development of the agricultural sector in order to further improve it Research methods. During the study, dialectical methods of cognition of processes and phenomena were used, in particular, monographic (analysis of structural changes), empirical (comprehensive assessment of the state of the research object), analysis and synthesis method (analysis of the current state and main trends in the development of the agricultural sector), abstract-logical (theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions). Research results. In the process of studying and analyzing the socio-economic conditions for the development of the agricultural sector, its essence was revealed, the reasons for certain structural changes, problems and reasons for differences in the dynamic development of the agricultural sector were revealed, and specific ways of its improvement were identified. Scientific novelty. The theoretical and practical provisions of the formation and development of the agricultural sector are improved, the role and importance of economic and social factors in the development of the agrarian sector in their dialectical relationship and the priority of each are shown. Practical significance. Specific problems, shortcomings and omissions in the formation and development of the agricultural sector are identified, measures are proposed to eliminate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of strategic tasks of the agrarian sector of Ukraine essentially depends on the financial provision of agricultural producers. In the context of limitation of their own financial resources, budget financing, low development of the financial instruments recognized in the world practice, the loans of commercial banks are an important source of financial resources for agricultural enterprises and small farmers. The use of bank loans positively affects the financial and economic activities of the producers in the agrarian sector due to the opportunity of diversification of sources of financing, growth of investment activity, acceleration of capital turnover, increase of profitability of own capital, etc. Though, there are a number of factors that restrain the bank crediting to the agrarian sector in the modern terms. The tendencies of bank crediting in financial provision of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine in 2013-2017 were considered. The changes in the nominal volumes both of bank crediting and real ones were estimated for this period. The comparison of the role of bank crediting to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine with the practice of lending in other countries on the base of the volume of bank loans per hectare of agricultural land, the share of these loans in the value of agricultural product and costs, Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI) for credit, was evaluated. The survey of agricultural enterprises showed a very low debt-to-assets ratio in 2017. Own financial resources of agricultural enterprises have remained the main source of their financial provision. The share of agriculture in total crediting is less than the contribution of the agriculture into the formation of gross value added in the country in recent years. The potential needs of agricultural enterprises in bank crediting were estimated. It was proved that the volume of bank crediting was insufficient for the financial support of operational and investment activity of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. The necessary conditions for activation of bank crediting to agriculture were determined.

Background. The relevance of the article’s topic is due to the fact that, thanks to the use of digital technologies, there is a significant increase in the efficiency of various types of production in the branches of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) (agriculture), which confirms the need for their implementation. The purpose of the work is to analyze the results of expert work in the field of digitalization of agriculture, analyze the possibility of obtaining positive economic effects and reducing the cost of introducing digital technologies by Russian agricultural enterprises, and review the expected overall growth in agricultural products. Materials and methods. The achievement of the research purpose was facilitated by the analysis of the data of the Analytical Center of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, new rules for state support of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, and the investment situation of the Penza region. Results. The possibilities of obtaining positive economic effects and reducing costs when introducing digital economy technologies at modern agricultural enterprises discussed in the article indicate the benefit of systemic transformation of agro-industrial enterprises, which will allow them to switch to a new model of economic behavior. Key reasons are identified, both inhibiting the introduction of digital technologies and necessary to stimulate digital transformation at agro-industrial enterprises. Conclusions. The study reveals the potential economic effect of agro-industrial complex digitalization and the importance of many Russian agricultural enterprises using digitalization opportunities in the near future to realize their goals.

The collapse of socialism changed the global picture of the world order and on international plan shifted most of the ex-communist countries of Europe towards Euro-Atlantic integration and membership in the European Union. The economic and social transition of most post-socialist states under the influence of Euro-Atlanticists and domestic pro-Western reformers, is taking place under Washingtons consensus. The proposal of international mentors was the urgent privatization, liberalization and decentralization of the economy and society. The aim of the paper is to analyze the privatization of Serbian agriculture according to the shock model, both from the aspect of the application of regulations and the work of institutions, as well as the evaluation of the success of the procedure and privatization effects. Privatization of agricultural enterprises in Serbia has shown numerous weaknesses, which manifest in the work of institutions, inadequate strategy and vision, and in economic terms of stagnation of livestock breeding, reduction of the number of agricultural holdings and increase of unemployment. In this context, the experiences of Germany and China and some European Union countries were presented, which in the choice of transition path were guided primarily by their state and national interests.

The role and content of the financial function can be seen through the identification of its tasks. They determine the volume and method of organization of the financial function in agricultural enterprises. Hierarchical priorities of tasks, their volume and complexity, the impact on business efficiency are just some aspects that affect its organization. Multi-criteria optimization methods can be used in choosing the organization and setting the model of job specialization within the organizational structure of the financial function of agricultural enterprises. By applying the individual methods that have been applied so far, not all requirements could be fully covered, so in this paper we applied a hybrid optimization model – DEMATEL TOPSIS. The DEMATEL method was used for obtaining the weighting coefficients of the criteria on the basis of which the evaluation of alternatives was performed. The selection of criteria for evaluating the model was based on the analysis of the available literature. Evaluation and selection of models was performed using a multi criteria method - TOPSIS. The paper presents the practical application and sensitivity analysis of the TOPSIS method.

Since agriculture is the highly important economic activity in the Republic of Serbia, it is necessary to create an environment in which competitive agricultural enterprises will develop. However, regions in the Republic of Serbia considerably differ regarding the intensity of agricultural activity. This paper examines the impact of agricultural enterprises on the regions contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the country in the period between 2010 and 2018. Activity of agricultural enterprises was observed using number of agricultural enterprises, number of employees in them, their turnover and gross value added. Random-Effects GLS regression showed that regions with higher agricultural activity contribute to the lesser extent to the GDP of the country. Research results are robust to changing sampling period and lagging independent variables. In this regard, several proposals have been recommended.

The size of the enterprise is one of the most important determinants of the profitability of the enterprise. Some domestic and numerous foreign authors have tried to point out the impact that the size of the enterprise has on profitability. The results of these surveys have been contradictory, namely, some surveys have shown that larger enterprises are more profitable, some that smaller enterprises are more profitable, and some studies have indicated that the size of the enterprise has no impact on profitability. These contradictory conclusions led the authors of this paper to investigate the impact of enterprise size on profitability. This survey used data from regular financial statements for 121 agricultural enterprises for the period from 2014 to 2017. The rate of return on assets (ROA) was used as a measure of the profitability of agricultural enterprises, while the size of each enterprise was taken from the official statements of these enterprises according to the Company Classification Act. The results of the research have shown that larger enterprises were more profitable compared to small and medium-sized enterprises, but that this difference in performance was not statistically significant. It is a general conclusion that the size of the enterprise does not have a statistically significant impact on the profitability of the sampled agricultural enterprises.

Current state, development tendencies and peculiarities of providing agrarian sector of Ukraine economy with bank loans are investigated in this paper. It is established that the agrarian market of Ukraine is characterized by constant dynamics resulting in the changes of agribusiness lending trends. The aspects of granting bank loans to agricultural enterprises and bank lending program are investigated. The main problems encountered by the participants of the bank lending market are identified. The main obstacles of agricultural enterprises crediting by banking institutions and the main risks of banking institutions are considered. The statistic data concerning the volume of bank loans granted to non-financial organizations in the period from 2014 to 2019 are summarized. Analysis of the agricultural sector lending dynamics shows that short-term loans predominate among bank agricultural loans, and the share of long-term loans is only 5%. The dynamics of the value of banking financial instruments and the profitability of agricultural enterprises are analyzed. It is established that in case when the level of agribusiness profitability is higher than the average annual interest rates on bank loans, then the agricultural enterprises can reinvest profits into their own activities, which has a positive effect on the further development of their economic activity. The carried out analysis of preferential lending to agricultural enterprises shows that, despite the implementation of a number of state support programs for agricultural producers, their level remains relatively low in comparison with other countries in the world. The factors of bank credit influence on the further development of agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy are formulated. It is established that for the development of bank lending to the agrarian sector of Ukraine it is necessary to develop, both from the state and from the banks, complexes of measures and mechanisms aimed at the development of interaction between the banking and agrarian of the economy. It is noted that the improvement of bank lending in the agrarian sector of Ukraine economy specifies the execution of such basic tasks as credit risk management by introducing improved diagnostics of the financial status of agricultural enterprises; expansion of programs for bank lending to the agricultural sector involving the state support programs for agricultural producers; promotion of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises development; creation of the favorable climate for investing in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research objective is to identify causes and alternatives for exiting the loss zone for agricultural enterprises in Serbia. The subject of the research is financial performance of agricultural enterprises in 2010-2014. Economic and financial power of all medium sized agricultural enterprises was determined by applying financial analysis. Based on the sample of least successful entities, the causes and alternatives for exiting the loss zone were identified. The results show that loss appears due to a reduction in operating income or in contribution margin, or due to an increase in financial expenses. The first suggested alternative refers to increasing the volume of production and sales at current global price parity, while the second assumes shifting global price parity in favour of sales prices at current real capacity utilization rate. The effects of proposed alternatives are evaluated by two measures of profitability - return on assets and return on equity.

purpose of the article is to consider the prospects of Ukraine concerning attraction of foreign investments into production of organic products. Formal-legal, materialist dialectics and comparative-legal methods are used. The attention is focused on the subjects of legal relations concerning organic production, in particular, on joint ventures with attraction of foreign capital, the stages of certification regarding the production of organic products. The temporary restrictions on the possession of agricultural land in some EU countries and in Ukraine have been analyzed. A comparative analysis of land lease institutions and the right to use another's land for agricultural needs (emphyteusis) has been carried out.

Research subject. The state support of agriculture in conditions of the crisis. Research purpose. Analyzing the peculiarities in development of conceptual foundations of agriculture state support in Ukraine and working out recommendations for their practical implementation. Research methods. The following general and specific scientific research methods were used in research process: logical analysis, methods of formal and dialectical logic, generalization of literary and informational sources, scientific abstraction, normative method for the purpose of determining the state support norms. The application of methods of comparative and statistical analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis methods, as well as scientific prediction and forecasting has made it possible to make propositions for increasing the effectiveness of state support in ensuring the agrarian sector sustainable development and food security of the state. Research methodology. The fundamental positions of economic theory, theory of finance, banking, and the main statements of modern agrarian economics theory, scientific works of well-known domestic and foreign scientists concerning agriculture state support. Research results. In the context of given problems the attempt to reveal the peculiarities of modern state support for agro-industrial complex in Ukraine has been made as well as to identify and to prove the place of agriculture in state priorities. Results implementation. The results of investigation can be applied in studying the problems of agribusiness enterprises state support in Ukraine. Ronclusions. The state agrarian policy should be aimed to the development of sustainable and competitive agro-industrial production, improving the living standards and social infrastructure in rural areas. In the nearterm future the state should continue the policy of participation in the economic process as a direct subject of social and economic relations. That will help in strengthening the support of market institutions and developing agro-industrial complex infrastructure.

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the structure of investment outlays on fixed assets of agricultureenterprises in Poland, compared to the other types of activity. It was assumed that industry enterprises, dueto the importance of fixed assets for operating activity and the specificity of the production cycle, would becharacterized by a similar structure of investment outlays on fixed assets among agriculture enterprises,whereas the trading enterprises were different. The research was carried out using data published by theCentral Statistical Office in the publication Financial Results of Economic Entities.

The article deals with the essence and specifics of the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. The authors examine the current state of agriculture and its role in the economy of Ukraine. The authors determine the negative and positive trends in the production of major agricultural crops. The major problems concerning the current state of agriculture and their impact on competitiveness are identified and analyzed. The paper studies the negative consequences and situations prevailing on the economic level. The ways for improving the state of agricultural enterprises and increasing the level of competitiveness are studies.

Agricultural enterprises in Ukraine require a considerable investment income. The paper studies the main problems and conditions for investment into agricultural enterprises, the scope and dynamics of their investment provision. The results of agricultural enterprises activity depend directly on the state of their fixed assets. This is one of the biggest vulnerabilities of agricultural enterprises, which makes it impossible for the economy of Ukraine to demonstrate decent results. Investments should be used primarily for the development of material and technical basis of agricultural enterprises, because the fixed assets always depreciate, the term of their use in many enterprises exceeds 15 years and their number is constantly decreasing. Investment in technical provision of plant growing is necessary and attractive. Firstly, as a basis of plant growing, grain and oilseeds are always in demand at the domestic and foreign markets. Secondly, the volumes of investments are moderate compared to other investments in agriculture. In the beginning, it is sufficient to invest into the branch on average from 1 to 2 thousand US dollars per 1 hectare. The average payback period of investments is 2-4 years. Thus, in order to stimulate investments, it is vital to form a qualitatively new policy aimed at increasing investment attractiveness of agricultural enterprises.

Copyright of Ekonomika APK is the property of Economy of Argo-Industrial Complex and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists is the property of Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bioeconomics & Agrarian Business / Bìoekonomìka ta Agrarnij Bìznes is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Agricultural enterprises should constantly try to improve themselves. They need strategic management to manage their innovativeness in a focused manner, and to achieve growth and satisfy their strategic objectives in a way that minimizes the high‑inherent risks or crises. The paper deals with a sub‑research of the management of small and medium‑sized enterprises in the Czech Republic. It is focused on the use of strategies in SMEs (especially for agriculture) management and the assessment of the significance of crises. Data were gathered as questionnaires and interviews from 183 (thereof 34 agricultural) enterprises operating in the Czech Republic. The research was done in 2015. Only about 15 % of the agricultural enterprises have formulated a strategy for the future direction of their enterprise. The crises did occur in all organizations, in varying degrees and intensity. The significance of this crises was assessed by an average mark of 3.5 (where 5 was the highest). Subsequently they analysed relationships among 17 major crises and compared the relations in other sectors.

Financial accounting in the European Union is harmonized through directives. In 2013 Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and the Council was issued. It aims to improve the performance of micro and small entities by reducing their administrative burden. The primary requirement of the Directive is to introduce entity size classification. The paper identifies the impact of the transposition of the Directive on the size distribution of agricultural enterprises in the V4 countries and some other countries of the European Union using data from the Amadeus database. In the Czech Republic obligations which are part of financial reporting are determined for agricultural enterprises and their impact on fundamental accounting principles is detected. The implementation of the Directive in the Czech Republic significantly influenced valuation, accounting for and specially reporting of inventories of a company’s own activity and capitalization, which are typical for agricultural enterprises. A comparison of the regulation effective until the end of 2015 with the new regulation showed the impact on the amount of profit and turnover, which are also quantified. The degree of harmonization with IAS/IFRS is also examined.