1. Volatilization of the pesticides chlorpyrifos and fenpropimorph from a potato crop
- Author
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Frederik van den Berg, J.H. Smelt, J. Hilbrand Weststrate, René Aalderink, Minze Leistra, and TNO Bouw en Ondergrond
- Subjects
Energy utilization ,Time Factors ,chlorpyrifos ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,eddy-accumulation technique ,Plume dispersion ,Alterra - Centre for Water and Climate ,air analysis ,Wageningen Environmental Research ,volatilization ,Fenpropimorph ,Air Pollutants ,Vaporization ,article ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,fenpropimorph ,bioaccumulation ,field experiment ,Bioaccumulation ,Environmental chemistry ,Chlorpyrifos ,Sunlight ,potato ,Geosciences ,Environmental Monitoring ,Alterra - Centrum Water en Klimaat ,Field experiment ,Morpholines ,Potato crops ,Crops ,relaxed eddy accumulation ,Farm Crops ,soil ,Crop ,Aerodynamics ,Meteorology ,Environmental Chemistry ,crop ,Pesticides ,pesticide ,pesticide spraying ,plant leaf ,Solanum tuberosum ,Volatilisation ,nonhuman ,fungi ,Environmental engineering ,General Chemistry ,Penetration (firestop) ,Pesticide ,aerodynamic profile ,energy balance ,Plant Leaves ,chemistry ,Daylight ,Pest Control ,evaporation rates - Abstract
Volatilization of pesticides from crops in the field can be an important emission pathway. In a field experiment with characterization of meteorological conditions, the pesticides chlorpyrifos and fenpropimorph were sprayed onto a potato crop, after which concentrations in the air and on/in the plants were measured. Rates of volatilization were estimated with the aerodynamic profile (ADP), energy balance (EB), relaxed eddy accumulation (REA), and plume dispersion (PD) methods. The volatilization rates obtained with the ADP and EB methods were similar, while some rates obtained with the REA and PD methods in the initial period were lower. Cumulative volatilization of chlorpyrifos during daylight hours (ADP and EB methods) was estimated to be about 65% of the dosage. By far the majority of this volatilization occurred in the first few days. Competing processes at the plant surface had a considerable effect on the dissipation of fenpropimorph, so cumulative volatilization during daylight hours was estimated to be only 7% of the dosage. Plant surface residues were higher than would correspond with the volatilization rate, indicating that penetration into the leaves had occurred. © 2006 American Chemical Society.
- Published
- 2006
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