13,742 results
Search Results
152. A Global Bibliometric Analysis of Services for Children Affected by HIV/AIDS: Implications for Impact Mitigation Programs (GAPRESEARCH).
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Tran, Bach X., Nathan, Kalpana I., Phan, Hai T., Hall, Brian J., Vu, Giang T., Vu, Linh G., Pham, Hai Q., Latkin, Carl A., H-Ho, Cyrus S., and M-Ho, Roger C.
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ORPHANAGES ,AIDS ,GLOBAL analysis (Mathematics) ,HIV infections ,CHILD services ,EXPLORATORY factor analysis ,CHILD mental health services - Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made over the past three decades in the fight against the HIV epidemic; however, children experienced substantial physical and psychosocial effects of HIV infection. To inform services and policy development, we analyzed research growth and current trends in studies on children with HIV/AIDS. A total of 17,598 research papers and reviews in English, which were published on Web of Science, were downloaded. VOSviewer was used to generate an author keyword cooccurrence network and a network illustrating the connection among countries by shared coauthorships. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to identify research domains emerging from the abstracts' contents. The number of papers and their impacts had grown significantly in the past decade. The majority of study settings were in African countries. Research topics related to HIV in children were robust in areas of prevention of mother-to-child transmission and HIV and comorbidities treatments. Although psychosocial and behavioral disorders were recognized in previous studies, the number of interventions in these fields is still limited or not sustained. This study presents the global research trends and interests, points out research gaps of available publications and suggests several implications for services and intervention programs for children infected with HIV/AIDS. While preventions of mother-to-child transmission have been extensively studied, more efforts should be made to fulfill the lack of research on young people who are at risk of being infected or who are already infected with HIV. System thinking approach is needed in the design and implementation of future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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153. Economic evaluation studies in the field of HIV/AIDS: bibliometric analysis on research development and scopes (GAPRESEARCH).
- Author
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Tran, Bach Xuan, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Turner, Hugo C., Nghiem, Son, Vu, Giang Thu, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Latkin, Carl A., Ho, Cyrus S. H., and Ho, Roger C. M.
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AIDS ,RESEARCH & development ,HIV ,SCIENCE databases ,WEB databases - Abstract
Background: The rapid decrease in international funding for HIV/AIDS has been challenging for many nations to effectively mobilize and allocate their limited resources for HIV/AIDS programs. Economic evaluations can help inform decisions and strategic planning. This study aims to examine the trends and patterns in economic evaluation studies in the field of HIV/AIDS and determine their research landscapes.Methods: Using the Web of Science databases, we synthesized the number of papers and citations on HIV/AIDS and economic evaluation from 1990 to 2017. Collaborations between authors and countries, networks of keywords and research topics were visualized using frequency of co-occurrence and Jaccards' similarity index. A Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) analysis to categorize papers into different topics/themes.Results: A total of 372 economic evaluation papers were selected, including 351 cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA), 11 cost-utility analyses (CUA), 12 cost-benefit analyses (CBA). The growth of publications, their citations and usages have increased remarkably over the years. Major research topics in economic evaluation studies consisted of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and treatment; drug use prevention interventions and prevention of mother-to-child transmission interventions. Moreover, lack of contextualized evidence was found in specific settings with high burden HIV epidemics, as well as emerging most-at-risk populations such as trans-genders or migrants.Conclusion: This study highlights the knowledge and geographical discrepancies in HIV/AIDS economic evaluation literature. Future research directions are also informed for advancing economic evaluation in HIV/AIDS research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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154. Trends in the incidence of AIDS and epidemiological features in Tianjin, China from 2005 to 2016
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Defa Zhang, Chunting Qiu, Fangfang Yu, Ping Ma, Liying Gao, Aiping Yu, Lei Li, Xianjia Ning, Yanyun Guo, Wei Lu, Yue Wu, and Wei You
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trends ,0301 basic medicine ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Developing country ,Disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Epidemiology ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,medicine.disease ,Antiretroviral therapy ,AIDS ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,incidence ,epidemiology ,Clinical Research Paper ,business ,Demography - Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiological trends among patients with AIDS in Tianjin, China. A long-term surveillance study was conducted from 2005 to 2016 in Tianjin, China. All patients with AIDS registered in Tianjin from 2005 to 2016 were recruited to this study. Demographic information and clinical features were recorded. A total of 3062 patients with AIDS who were treated with antiretroviral therapy were included in this study. Among AIDS patients, men were more likely to be younger than women (age, 37.84 years vs. 43.27 years; P < 0.001). The incidence of AIDS increased by 39.6% annually over the past 12 years overall. There was the greatest increase (by 44.7%) for homosexual route. Moreover, the proportion of patients aged < 30 years increased considerably over the 12-year study period, while there was a decrease in the proportion of patients aged ≥ 35 years. The frequency of homosexual transmission increased by 86% from before 2011 to 2016, but the frequency of heterosexual transmission decreased by 49%. The frequency of transmission through intravenous drug use decreased in men and patients aged 25–29 years. For those infected through homosexual transmission, there was a significant increase in the numbers of patients aged 20–24 years and 25–29 years. It is important for developing countries to effectively prevent and control the transmission of HIV/AIDS; in particular, it is crucial to promote disease education and sexual protection among young men.
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- 2017
155. Global AIDS Reporting-2001 to 2015: Lessons for Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals
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Deborah Rugg, Peter D. Ghys, Jude Padayachy, Matthew Warner-Smith, Tobias Alfvén, P. de Lay, and Taavi Erkkola
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0301 basic medicine ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Economic growth ,medicine.medical_specialty ,United Nations ,MDG ,Monitoring ,Social Psychology ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Public Policy ,SDG ,Global Health ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,UNGASS ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,Humans ,Operations management ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Epidemics ,Evaluation ,Sustainable development ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Original Paper ,GARPR ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV ,Variance (accounting) ,medicine.disease ,030112 virology ,AIDS ,Health psychology ,Reference data ,Infectious Diseases ,Accountability ,Public Health ,Business ,Goals ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
Since 2001 the UNAIDS Secretariat has retained the responsibility for monitoring progress towards global commitments on HIV/AIDS. Key critical characteristics of the reporting system were assessed for the reporting period from 2004 to 2014 and analyses were undertaken of response rates and core indicator performance. Country submission rates ranged from 102 (53%) Member States in 2004 to 186 (96%) in 2012. There was great variance in response rates for specific indicators, with the highest response rates for treatment-related indicators. The Global AIDS reporting system has improved substantially over time and has provided key trend data on responses to the HIV epidemic, serving as the global accountability mechanism and providing reference data on the global AIDS response. It will be critical that reporting systems continue to evolve to support the monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goals, in view of ending the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat by 2030. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10461-016-1662-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2017
156. The orphan impact: HIV-AIDS and student test scores from sub-Saharan Africa.
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Blevins, Benjamin K. and Kawata, Keisuke
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ORPHANS ,TALLIES ,EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements ,HIV ,AIDS ,SCHOOL children ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa over 52 million children are living with the death of one or both parents. Drivers of this parental mortality include afflictions at levels endemic to the region, including: HIV; malaria and other parasites; lower respiratory infections; diarrhoeal illnesses; and road accidents, among others. This paper examines the impact of orphanhood on learning outcomes among girls and boys in sub-Saharan Africa, conditional on school enrolment. By analysing test scores for approximately 60,000 pupils in 12 countries, we estimate the effect on student test scores by comparing paternal, maternal, and double orphans to non-orphans in the sample, specifically for the subjects of reading, mathematics, and HIV-AIDS knowledge. No previous study has analysed how orphanhood might influence learning by using student test score data, making this paper's approach unique in the literature. This study employs two estimation techniques: Coarsened exact matching calculates the sample average treatment effect on the treated, while matching on students' family structure, household wealth, school resources, and geographic location; and double lasso (DL) regression applies applying machine-learning for variable selection with high-dimensional controls for regional and school identifiers, school location, and student age. Our results show both CEM and DL consistently report a significant negative impact of orphanhood on test scores among specific countries, especially those which faltered in addressing the HIV-AIDS crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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157. Research Progress of Commercial Small-Molecule Antiviral Drugs.
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Shengzhi Xue, Jinlong Bi, Xin-Ping Hui, and Quan-Xiang Wu
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ANTIVIRAL agents ,VIRUS diseases ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,INFLUENZA ,DRUG development ,PROGRESS - Abstract
The COVID-19, AIDS, influenza, and other infectious viral diseases have a significant impact on human health, and new antiviral drugs are continuously emerging to combat these diseases. Herein, aiming at anti-SARS-CoV-2, anti-HIV, and anti-influenza virus, the latest research progress of small-molecule drugs is reported in this paper. The discovery process, mechanism of action, synthesis process, and structure--activity relationship research of each drug are systematically expounded to promote antiviral drug research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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158. Syndemic effect of COVID-19 outbreak on HIV care delivery around the globe: A systematic review using narrative synthesis.
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Chakrabarti, Rohini, Agasty, Debdutta, Majumdar, Agniva, Talukdar, Rounik, Bhatta, Mihir, Biswas, Subrata, and Dutta, Shanta
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HEALTH services accessibility ,SYNDEMICS ,HIV-positive persons ,MEDICAL care ,HIV infections ,SOCIAL change ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,WORLD health ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,ONLINE information services ,QUALITY assurance ,COUNSELING ,PUBLIC health ,COVID-19 pandemic ,AIDS - Abstract
Background: The burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare systems worldwide has been compromising the progress made in the fight against HIV. This paper aims to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted HIV comprehensive care service delivery globally as well as to consolidate the evidence and recommendations that may be useful in averting future crisis. Methods: This review adheres to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, DOAJ, Science Direct and other sources like Google Scholar and citations from included studies were searched methodically to locate studies evaluating the effects of COVID on services for HIV care. The NIH and JBI quality assessment tools were used for the quality assessment of individual studies. Results: In the present review 31 eligible studies were included and the impact on HIV care cascade were summarised under six themes: Lab services, Treatment and allied services, Counselling services, Outreach services, Psycho-social impact and Implementation of sustainable strategies. The studies also presented many innovative alternatives which were lucidly highlighted in the present article. Conclusion: Current evidence depicts multiple factors are responsible for the interruption of HIV care service delivery during the pandemic, especially in low resources settings. The prospective, alternative solutions that have been used to circumvent the threat have also been addressed in this review, in addition to the negative aspects that have been observed. Transition with new innovative, sustainable care paradigms may prove to be the building blocks in removing HIV-AIDS as a public health threat. Registration: Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/74GHM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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159. A dynamical analysis and numerical simulation of COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS co-infection with intervention strategies.
- Author
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Teklu, Shewafera Wondimagegnhu and Kotola, Belela Samuel
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HIV infection transmission ,HIV infections ,MIXED infections ,NUMERICAL analysis ,BASIC reproduction number ,COMPUTER simulation ,AIDS - Abstract
HIV/AIDS-COVID-19 co-infection is a major public health concern especially in developing countries of the world. This paper presents HIV/AIDS-COVID-19 co-infection to investigate the impact of interventions on its transmission using ordinary differential equation. In the analysis of the model, the solutions are shown to be non-negative and bounded, using next-generation matrix approach the basic reproduction numbers are computed, sufficient conditions for stabilities of equilibrium points are established. The sensitivity analysis showed that transmission rates are the most sensitive parameters that have direct impact on the basic reproduction numbers and protection and treatment rates are more sensitive and have indirect impact to the basic reproduction numbers. Numerical simulations shown that some parameter effects on the transmission of single infections as well as co-infection, and applying the protection rates and treatment rates have effective roles to minimize and also to eradicate the HIV/AIDS-COVID-19 co-infection spreading in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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160. An Agentic Familiarity: The Context of HIV/AIDS and Sexual Orientation for Older Canadians during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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de Vries, Brian, Gutman, Gloria, Beringer, Robert, Gill, Paneet, and Karbakhsh, Mojgan
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HIV infections ,SEXUAL orientation ,TERMINAL care ,CANADIANS ,MENTAL health ,REGRESSION analysis ,SURVEYS ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,RESEARCH funding ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,LGBTQ+ people ,ANXIETY ,THEMATIC analysis ,AIDS - Abstract
This paper examines how experiences with a previous pandemic, particularly HIV/AIDS, may have informed approaches to COVID-19, with a focus on sexual orientation. Method: The sample was drawn from an online survey of Canadians 55+ conducted in 2020, comprising 1143 persons (mean age = 67; 88 gay or bisexual (GB) men, 65 lesbian or bisexual (LB) women, 818 heterosexual women, and 172 heterosexual men). Respondents reported if they, or someone close to them, "had been affected by" one or more pandemics and whether COVID-19 led them to "think more about their prior epidemic/pandemic experiences" and/or feel they "couldn't handle it again". Correlated items reflecting feeling "they have been here before"; "prepared for what is happening"; and "like they needed to act or do something" formed a scale named "agentic familiarity". Results: About half of respondents reported thinking about their previous pandemic experience; about 5% reporting feeling like "they couldn't handle it again" with no gender or sexual orientation differences. Higher agentic familiarity scores were found for GB men and for those with experience with HIV/AIDS vs. other pandemics. Discussion: These outcomes speak to resilience and growth experienced by LGBT (and especially GB) persons through shared stigma and trauma—with implications for current pandemic experiences and future actions, like advance care planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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161. CONFLICT AND REFUGEES CRISIS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM.
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Owen, ABANG Sunday, Olawunmi, OMITOGUN, Kelly, OSIFO, and Kisugu, OBUN Maria
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REFUGEES ,BORDER security ,SECONDARY research ,INTERNATIONAL organization ,WAR - Abstract
The paper examines conflict and migration in different countries couple with the new crisis facing global governance in battling refugee's problem. The major causes of conflict are irreconcilable differences between political elites and rebels, bad governance and economic crunch leading to war and refugees movement. Refugees movement have overpopulated border in some states causing socio-economic disputes in host state sparking up confrontation between the local people and the migrants. The method used in this research is secondary and interview of returned migrants to ascertain the patterns of treatment and problems of migration. The study reveals that the pressure of escaping from their homeland either through war or seeking for jobs in another country have made migrants to be confrontational whenever they get to border that security guards are mindless of their long distance suffering. The study recommends that there should be development centres in both developed and developing countries to accommodate migrants running away from war-like state to stay for four years before repatriation to a place that demand their services, in doing so, they would have save for the purpose of investment and at the same time discourage request for permanent status in host state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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162. Prevalence of HIV among inmates in four states of north India: findings from the 16th round of HIV sentinel surveillance.
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Jha, Shreya, Kant, Shashi, Thakur, Nishakar, Kumar, Pradeep, Rai, Sanjay, Haldar, Partha, Kardam, Priyanka, Misra, Puneet, Goswami, Kiran, and Rajan, Shobini
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HIV ,HIV infections ,SEX workers ,AIDS ,SEX industry - Abstract
Purpose: Prisoners are at a higher risk of HIV infection compared to the general population. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of HIV and related risk behaviours among inmates of the Central Prisons in four states of North India. Design/methodology/approach: The HIV sentinel surveillance was conducted in seven Central Prisons in four states of North India from February to April 2019. Four hundred inmates were included from each prison. The interviews were conducted at the Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre located within the prison premises. The Ethics Committee of the National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, granted ethical approval before the start of the surveillance. Findings: Overall, 2,721 inmates were enrolled in this study. The mean (SD) age was 38.9 (13.9) years. One-third of prison inmates had comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS. The proportion of convict (54%) and undertrial (46%) inmates was almost equal. The overall prevalence of HIV infection among inmates was 0.96% (95% CI 0.65–1.40). The odds of being HIV positive were significantly higher in never married inmates, undertrials, inmates who were in the prison for more than three months to one year, inmates incarcerated for multiple times, inmates with history of injecting drug use and inmates with history of intercourse with a commercial sex worker. Originality/value: The findings from the very first HIV sentinel surveillance in central prisons in North India have been presented in this paper. This has huge implications for future policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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163. Awareness and willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among sexually active adults in Ghana.
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Eshun, Samuel Nuamah, Tampah-Naah, Anthony Mwinilanaa, Udor, Rita, and Addae, David
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HIV prevention ,HEALTH literacy ,HUMAN sexuality ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,QUANTITATIVE research ,CHI-squared test ,PRE-exposure prophylaxis ,HEALTH behavior ,DATA analysis software ,ADULTS - Abstract
Introduction: Advancement in biomedical science has led to the discovery of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) as new strategies for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This current study was a quantitative analysis that sought to evaluate the awareness and willingness to use PrEP and PEP by sexually active adults in Ghana. Material and methods: The study respondents consisted of 365 sexually active adults in Ghana. A questionnaire was designed and administered to participants online using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) approach. A Χ² test and logistic regression were employed for the analysis. Results: The study revealed a generally low awareness of PrEP and PEP. Only 25.2% of the respondents were aware of PrEP, while 20.3% were aware of PEP. Despite the low awareness rate, majority of respondents (69.3%) were willing to use PrEP and PEP for prevention of HIV. On the other hand, 30.7% of the respondents indicated their unwillingness to use PrEP and PEP citing the fear of undesirable side effects of the medications as the main reason for their decision. Conclusions: This paper calls on policy-makers to intensify advocacy for the usefulness of PrEP and PEP. The Ghana Health Service and Ghana AIDS Commission should also ensure that PrEP and PEP services are increased and include all sexually active persons in Ghana. This will ensure a great success in mitigating HIV infections in Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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164. Mathematical modeling of the effect of screening for unaware HIV/AIDS-infected patients using homotopy perturbation method.
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P. N., Vijayakumar, P., Balaganesan, S., Rekha, and J., Renuka
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AIDS diagnosis ,DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections ,HIV infection transmission ,HEALTH literacy ,MATHEMATICS ,HEALTH attitudes ,HIV-positive persons ,HIV infections ,RESEARCH ,MEDICAL screening ,AIDS - Abstract
Introduction: In this paper, we analyzed the study of a mathematical model of non-linear differential equation on the effect of HIV/AIDS disease among unaware HIV/AIDS-infected population. Material and methods: Population was divided into four categories, including HIV-negative individuals, unaware HIV-positive cases, aware HIV-positive, and AIDS patients. The model was investigated numerically and analytically using fourth-order Runge-Kutta approach and homotopy perturbation method (HPM). Results: We have discussed the parameter variation graphically. Conclusions: Determining the dynamics of HIV prevalence and investigating the effect of each parameter on the governing equation can be simple with analytical solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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165. Targeting monocytic Occludin impairs transendothelial migration and HIV neuroinvasion
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Brychka, Diana, Ayala-Nunez, Nilda Vanesa, Dupas, Amandine, Bare, Yonis, Partiot, Emma, Mittelheisser, Vincent, Lucansky, Vincent, Goetz, Jacky G, Osmani, Naël, and Gaudin, Raphael
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- 2024
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166. Social Inclusion in Macro-Level Diagnostics : Reflecting on the World Bank Group's Early Systematic Country Diagnostics
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Das, Maitreyi Bordia
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COLONIAL TIMES ,EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,CHILDREN ,PARTNERSHIP ,EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ,JOB ,CULTURE ,PROJECTS ,ETHNIC MINORITIES ,DISCRIMINATORY LAWS ,MINORITIES ,EQUAL ACCESS ,INDIGENOUS TERRITORIES ,EMPLOYMENT ,SOCIETIES ,POPULATION ,LENDING ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,INDEPENDENCE ,PLACE OF RESIDENCE ,EDUCATION ,HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ,JOBS ,MALNUTRITION ,GOVERNMENTS ,SEXUAL ORIENTATION ,DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ,DIFFERENTIAL OUTCOMES ,BANK ,GROUP IDENTITY ,HIV/AIDS ,ACCESS ,VIOLENCE ,EQUAL ACCESS TO SERVICES ,SOCIAL INCLUSION ,POLICY DISCUSSIONS ,SOCIETY ,SOCIAL ISSUES ,ETHNIC GROUPS ,MARKETS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,PEACE ,SOCIAL IDENTITY ,INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES ,PROGRESS ,SOCIAL ORDER ,INDIGENOUS PEOPLE ,DIGNITY ,INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,DISABILITY ,WORKSHOP ,SERVICES ,BARRIER ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,MOBILITY ,IDENTITY ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,QUALITY SERVICES ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,EQUALITY ,ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT ,AUTONOMY ,INCLUSION ,CULTURAL FACTORS ,UNIVERSAL ACCESS ,MINORITY ,ACCESS TO MARKETS ,UNEQUAL OUTCOMES ,PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ,PARTNERSHIPS ,EXCLUSION ,DEVELOPMENT GOALS ,WORTH ,CITIZENS ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,VALUE ,RISK ,RACE ,ACCESS TO EDUCATION ,ETHNIC IDENTITY ,SOCIAL MOBILIZATION ,POLICIES ,GOVERNANCE ,POLICY ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,COMMUNITY ,AIDS ,HEALTH CARE ,STEREOTYPING ,EDUCATION SYSTEM ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,ETHNIC GROUP ,CITIZEN ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,EQUITY ,INDIGENOUS GROUPS ,LAND ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,PARTICIPATION ,SOCIAL EXCLUSION ,CREDIT ,POLICY RESEARCH ,EDUCATION GAP ,FULL POTENTIAL ,MICROFINANCE ,KNOWLEDGE ,POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ,LABOR ,LABOR MARKETS ,POLITICS ,RELIGIOUS GROUPS ,SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ,HOUSING ,ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE ,BARRIERS ,MDAS ,PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ,HIV ,APPROPRIATE SERVICE ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,TRANSPORTATION ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,SOCIAL STRUCTURES ,HEALTH SERVICES ,DISCRIMINATION ,MAINSTREAM ,ECONOMIC ELITE ,DISABILITIES ,GENDER ,COMMUNITIES ,EQUITABLE ACCESS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,CONCENTRATION OF POVERTY - Abstract
The idea of social inclusion has garnered considerable attention, especially in the context of two recent developments: the Sustainable Development Goals and the heightened attention to inequality. This paper reviews the manner and extent to which social inclusion is addressed in the first 17 Systematic Country Diagnostics (SCDs), which are ex ante, country-level assessments conducted by the World Bank Group, ahead of the preparation of its Country Partnership Frameworks. In addition to this primary purpose, the paper fulfils three other purposes. It allows for a broader reflection on the value of the social inclusion construct in macro-level diagnostics; it takes the opportunity to develop and refine a methodology to assess social inclusion and finally, it positions the narrative on social inclusion into the ongoing discourse on poverty, shared prosperity, inequality and the thinking around the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. It is therefore, a refined articulation of the idea of social inclusion in the context of global epistemological shifts
- Published
- 2016
167. Sifting through the Data : Labor Markets in Haiti through a Turbulent Decade (2001-2012)
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Scot, Thiago and Rodella, Aude-Sophie
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GENDER GAP ,INFORMATION ,PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE ,LEVELS OF EDUCATION ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,UNPAID WORKERS ,JOB ,QUALITY OF EDUCATION ,YOUNG PEOPLE ,LABOR CODE ,DRIVERS ,EMPLOYMENT ,WAGE DIFFERENTIALS ,POLICY MAKERS ,POPULATION ,AVERAGE WAGES ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INCOME ,OUTCOMES ,PRODUCTIVITY ,GENDER INEQUITIES ,WOMEN ,WORKERS ,URBANIZATION ,PRIVATE TRANSFERS ,JOBS ,INFORMAL SECTOR ,POLICY DECISIONS ,LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES ,SERVICE SECTOR ,MALE LABOR FORCE ,ORGANIZATIONS ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,POLICY DISCUSSIONS ,TOTAL EMPLOYMENT ,AGE GROUP ,WORKER ,MARKETS ,LABOR RELATIONS ,PROFIT ,UNEMPLOYED ,FINANCE ,INFORMAL ECONOMY ,PRICES ,WAGES ,EMPLOYMENT USES ,TRANSFERS ,ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ,RURAL AREAS ,SECONDARY EDUCATION ,RETIREMENT ,YOUNG MEN ,AGE GROUPS ,HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ,PROGRESS ,PRODUCTION ,LABOR MARKET ,MALE COUNTERPARTS ,MORTALITY ,LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS ,WAGE STRUCTURE ,UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE ,SMALL BUSINESS ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ,LABOR DEMAND ,SUPPLY ,PROBIT REGRESSION ,LEVEL OF EDUCATION ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,MINIMUM WAGE ,HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS ,FIRM PERFORMANCE ,OLDER MEN ,FEMALE EMPLOYMENT ,RURAL EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ,NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT ,LABOR SURVEYS ,EMPLOYEE ,WAGE DISTRIBUTION ,FEMALE LABOR FORCE ,LABOUR ,EMPLOYMENT INCREASE ,CITIZENS ,EARTHQUAKE ,ACCOUNTING ,NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,AVERAGE WAGE ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,YOUTH EMPLOYMENT ,VALUE ,CHILD LABOR ,LABOR RELATION ,POLICIES ,INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ,EMPLOYMENT RATE ,GENDER DIFFERENCES ,POLICY ,UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS ,AIDS ,URBAN DWELLERS ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,EFFECTS ,RETAIL TRADE ,SCHOOL QUALITY ,INSURANCE ,JOB OFFER ,EMPLOYEES ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,SERVICE SECTORS ,EQUITY ,MIGRATION ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,POLICY RESEARCH ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,HOUSEHOLD SIZE ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,EMPLOYMENT RATES ,FEMALE LABOR ,EFFECTS OF GENDER ,INEQUITIES ,PAYING JOBS ,PRIMARY SCHOOL ,POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ,LABOR ,LABOR MARKETS ,WORKFORCE ,HOUSEHOLD LEVEL ,LABOR MARKET DEVELOPMENT ,STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE ,LABOR MARKET VARIABLES ,ECONOMICS ,WAGE INCREASES ,JOB CREATION ,PRIME AGE ,WAGE INCREASE ,LABOR FORCE ,AGGLOMERATION EFFECT ,DISCRIMINATION ,ACTIVE EMPLOYMENT ,WAGE GAP ,INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION ,URBAN AREAS ,WORKING-AGE POPULATION ,PUBLICATIONS ,LAW - Abstract
In Latin America, labor markets have been the main channel through which growth has reduced poverty, with higher labor income accounting for 49 percent of the reduction in poverty in 2008–13. Understanding labor markets is critical to designing policies and programs aimed at reducing poverty. With close to 70 percent of the population under age 30 years, labor markets are bound to be central to defining Haiti's future. Yet, labor analysis in Haiti has been constrained by the dearth of data and the focus on measuring the impact of the 2010 earthquake. This present paper contributes to filling this gap by providing an overview of Haiti's labor markets and the determinants of labor income over a decade, focusing on growing urban areas. The paper also contributes to the research on Haiti in general, as well as labor markets in fragile countries such as Haiti, in particular through an unprecedented effort to harmonize three household surveys conducted between 2001 and 2012. Building on this exercise, the study provides new insights into the development of labor markets in a particularly turbulent decade for Haiti, one that was marked by the political crisis of 2004 and the earthquake of 2010. In spite of the earthquake, the analysis shows that Haiti’s labor markets are characterized by continuity over the period. Somewhat surprisingly, the defining features remain overall unchanged in spite of the shock, pointing to heavy forces shaping economic and labor dynamics.
- Published
- 2016
168. POLITICAL ECONOMY OF MEDIA: AN INCOME-EXPENSE ANALYSIS OF STATE AIDS TO IRANIAN NEWSPAPERS.
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KHAJEHEIAN, DATIS, JAFARI, ABBAS, ABDOLHOSSEIN, HABIB, and GHADERIFAR, ESMAEIL
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MASS media & politics ,AIDS ,NEWSPAPERS ,MASS media policy - Abstract
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- 2021
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169. HIV/AIDS Mathematical Model of Triangle Transmission.
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Espitia Morillo, Cristian Camilo and Meyer, João Frederico da Costa Azevedo
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AIDS ,HIV ,BASIC reproduction number ,MATHEMATICAL models ,TRIANGLES ,HETEROSEXUAL men - Abstract
In this paper, a mathematical analysis of the HIV/AIDS deterministic model studied in the paper called Mathematical Model of HIV/AIDS Considering Sexual Preferences Under Antiretroviral Therapy, a case study in the previous works preformed by Espitia is performed. The objective is to gain insight into the qualitative dynamics of the model determining the conditions for the persistence or effective control of the disease in the community through the study of basic properties such as positiveness and boundedness; the calculus of the basic reproduction number; stationary points such as disease-free equilibrium (DFE), boundary equilibrium (BE) and endemic equilibrium (EE); and the local stability (LAS) of disease-free equilibrium. The findings allow us to conclude that the best way to reduce contagion and consequently reach a DFE is thought to be the reduction in the rate of homosexual partners, as they are the most affected population by the virus and are therefore the most likely to become infected and spread it. Increasing the departure rate of infected individuals leads to a decrease in untreated infected heterosexual men and untreated infected women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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170. HIV HOspital TEsting: Bringing the Hidden to Light in the Hospital Setting (HIV-HOTE)
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Castagna Antonella, Prof
- Published
- 2024
171. Catch them early
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Hayes, Irene
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- 1994
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172. From AIDS to COVID-19: the interplay between dual pandemics in social perceptions of disease.
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Wyrod, Robert and Bravo, Matthew
- Abstract
AbstractThis paper is one of the few to examine how people who have lived through both COVID-19 and AIDS understand these pandemics in relation to each other. Data were collected in Uganda, and we found that the AIDS epidemic proved to be a key reference point for people in explaining why COVID-19 was perceived as so worrisome. In addition, AIDS-related stigma was a problematically common frame when discussing responsibility for HIV versus SARS-CoV-2 infection, and there was evidence of some forgetfulness regarding the toll AIDS had taken on the country. More positively, the legacy of AIDS made many people more attentive to social inequalities tied to health risks, and this at times prompted a more nuanced understanding of the socially varied effects of COVID-19. Overall, we argue that how individuals respond to a novel epidemic is shaped not only by their understandings of current threats but also by enduring perceptions of epidemics and pandemics that may have preceded it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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173. The Development and the Assessment of Sampling Methods for Hard-to-Reach Populations in HIV Surveillance.
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Wang, Peng, Wei, Chongyi, McFarland, Willi, and Raymond, Henry F.
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- *
CONVENIENCE sampling (Statistics) , *AIDS , *HIV , *SAMPLING methods ,SNOWBALL sampling - Abstract
Due to stigma or legal issues, populations with higher HIV risk are often hard to reach, which impedes accurate population estimation of HIV burden. To better sample hard-to-reach populations (HTRPs) for HIV surveillance, various sampling methods have been designed and/or used since HIV epidemic following the first reported AIDS cases in 1981. This paper describes the development and the assessment (i.e., validity and reproducibility) of approximately eight sampling methods (e.g., convenience sampling, snowball sampling, time location sampling, and respondent-driven sampling) for HTRPs in HIV surveillance, with a focus on respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Compared to other methods, RDS has been greatly assessed. However, current evidence is still inadequate for RDS to be considered the best option for sampling HTRPs. The field must continue to assess RDS and to develop new sampling approaches or modifications to existing approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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174. Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Candidiasis among those Living with HIV Positive Patients in Two Medical Centres in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
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DURU, M. U., OGEFERE, H. O., EHIAGHE, J. I., MADUKA, N., and IGIEBOR, F. A.
- Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are predisposed to tuberculosis and coinfections from many pathogens. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and candidiasis among those living with HIV in Two Medical Centres in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria using Standard methods. The results obtained showed that 136 (64.76 %) of the HIV patients also had fungal infection, 36 (17.14 %) had co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 37 (17.62 %) were neither infected with M. tuberculosis nor Candida spp. and 1 (0.48 %) had tuberculosis infection. Prevalence of resistant rifampicin M. tuberculosis among HIV patients was 6 (2.85 %) while candidiasis and M. tuberculosis co-infection among the patients was 30 (83.33 %). That which involved Candida albicans and M. tuberculosis had the highest percentage of occurrence 25 (83.33 %). HIV patients between 28 - 36 years had the highest 15 (50 %) number of cases of coinfection. Among the study population, the prevalence of co-infection in males and females was 11 (15.27 %) and 19 (13.76 %), respectively. Anaemia was observed in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HAART-naïve patients. Due to lower prevalence of rifampicin resistance and anaemia among HARRT patients compared with HART-naïve patients, the Ministry of Health and relevant government and private agencies should intensive efforts to provide affordable/free antiretroviral treatment to HIV patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
175. Disability Inclusion in the National Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS: A Review on the National Response of West African Countries.
- Author
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Olufadewa, Isaac, Adesina, Miracle, Damilola, Ibrahim Abdulmumin, Olalekan, Babatunde Yusuf, Joshua, Adedeji Oluwakorede, Oladele, Ruth, and Nnatus, Joshua
- Subjects
- *
HIV infection risk factors , *NATIONAL health services , *MEDICAL protocols , *PUBLIC health surveillance , *GOVERNMENT policy , *PATIENTS' rights , *MEDICAL care , *STRATEGIC planning , *HIV infections , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SOCIAL integration , *HUMAN rights , *SOCIAL support , *DISEASE susceptibility , *NEEDS assessment , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *AIDS - Abstract
Objectives: Persons with disabilities (PWD) often experience risks associated with HIV/AIDS including unmet needs and overlooked stigmatization. This could be attributed to certain misconceptions such as PWDs are asexual, and cannot enjoy sexual pleasure, among others. Therefore, this paper sought to investigate the extent of disability inclusion in recent National Strategic Plans (NSPs) for HIV/AIDS in West African countries. Methods: This study was a policy review of NSPs in 13 African countries. Relevant indicators in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the UNAIDS International Guidelines on HIV and Human Rights were used. Six indicators (identification of people living with disability (PLWD) as a key population, the inclusion of principles related to PWD within the NSPs on HIV/AIDS, protecting the rights of PWD, recognition of PWD as a vulnerable population at higher risk of HIV and in need of special protection, providing HIV-related support services for PWD and monitoring and evaluating the impact of HIV on PWD). Results: Findings from this study revealed that only 30% of West African countries recognized disability as an issue of concern. Also, 38.5% of these countries recognize the vulnerability of people with disabilities to HIV. However, only a few (7.6%) provided support in the context of special needs, monitoring, and surveillance specifically for persons with disabilities. Conclusion: Most of the West African NSPs are outdated and due for renewal. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the needs of persons with disabilities within the context of HIV/AIDS in the NSPs. More importantly, support and services should also be prioritized among the vulnerable groups to optimize inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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176. Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Paediatric HIV Care and Treatment Monitoring: From Measuring Process to Impact and Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV
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Tyler Porth, Priscilla Idele, Chika Hayashi, Mary Mahy, and Awandha Mamahit
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Program evaluation ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Social Psychology ,Service delivery framework ,Psychological intervention ,Breastfeeding ,Mothers ,HIV Infections ,PMTCT monitoring ,Prenatal care ,01 natural sciences ,Global and national monitoring ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Child ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Public health ,Paediatric HIV care and treatment ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,virus diseases ,HIV ,Prenatal Care ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,0104 chemical sciences ,AIDS ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Infectious Diseases ,Breast Feeding ,Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care ,Family medicine ,Female ,business ,Breast feeding ,Delivery of Health Care ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
Progress towards achievement of global targets for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and paediatric HIV care and treatment is an integral part of global and national HIV and AIDS responses. This paper documents the development of the global and national monitoring and reporting systems for PMTCT and paediatric HIV care and treatment programmes, achievements and remaining challenges. A review of the development of the monitoring and reporting process since 2002-2016 was conducted using existing published literature and taking into account changes in WHO HIV treatment guidelines, global HIV goals and targets, programmatic and methodological developments, and increased need for interagency partnerships, coordination and harmonization of global monitoring and reporting mechanisms. The number and type of indicators reported increased and evolved from monitoring of existence of national policies and guidelines, service delivery sites and trained health workers and coverage of PMTCT and paediatric HIV interventions to measuring outcomes and impact in reducing new HIV infections and AIDS related deaths, including efforts to validate elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. These changes were required to mirror changes in WHO and national PMTCT and HIV treatment guidelines. The number of countries reporting PMTCT coverage increased from 53 in 2003 to over 130 in 2015. National monitoring processes have also expanded in scope and the capacity to report on disaggregated data by type of ARV regimen and for paediatric HIV care and treatment has increased. Monitoring of PMTCT and paediatric HIV programmes has contributed a rich body of evidence that helped monitor how quickly countries were adopting and implementing the latest WHO HIV treatment guidelines for pregnant and breastfeeding women and children. The reported data and experiences were instrumental in shaping global policies, national programmes, and investment choices.
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- 2017
177. HIV/AIDS: SOME ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGERIAL ISSUES
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Bennett, Chris
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- 1993
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178. Sociocognitive Predictors of Condom Use and Intentions Among Adolescents in Three Sub-Saharan Sites
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Leif Edvard Aarø, Sylvia Kaaya, Sander Matthijs Eggers, Hans Onya, Hein de Vries, Arjan E. R. Bos, Catherine Mathews, Department Clinical Psychology, RS-Research Line Clinical psychology (part of IIESB program), Health promotion, RS: CAPHRI - R6 - Promoting Health & Personalised Care, and Promovendi PHPC
- Subjects
Male ,Medisinske fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Forebyggende medisin: 804 [VDP] ,PLANNED BEHAVIOR ,Psychological intervention ,HIV Infections ,Tanzania ,law.invention ,Developmental psychology ,Midical sciences: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, social medicine: 801 [VDP] ,Condoms ,Medisinske fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801 [VDP] ,South Africa ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,VDP::Midical sciences: 700::Health sciences: 800::Preventive medicine: 804 ,VDP::Medisinske fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Condom use ,Psychology(all) ,General Psychology ,SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR ,education.field_of_study ,VDP::Midical sciences: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, social medicine: 801 ,Sub-Saharan Africa ,Theory of planned behavior ,Sexual risk behavior ,Explained variation ,Self Efficacy ,Europe ,AIDS ,UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS ,Midical sciences: 700::Health sciences: 800::Preventive medicine: 804 [VDP] ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Social cognitive theory ,HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS ,Adolescent ,Sexual Behavior ,Population ,Self-concept ,VDP::Medisinske fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Forebyggende medisin: 804 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Social support ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Condom ,Medisinske Fag: 700 [VDP] ,Humans ,education ,SOUTH-AFRICAN ADOLESCENTS ,Original Paper ,030505 public health ,Social Support ,HIV ,SELF-EFFICACY ,Self Concept ,United States ,URBAN POPULATIONS ,Adolescent Behavior ,PERCEIVED BEHAVIORAL-CONTROL ,REASONED ACTION ,REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH - Abstract
Many HIV intervention programs in sub-Saharan Africa have applied social cognitive theories such as the theory of planned behavior. However, a recent sub-Saharan African review was unable to show increased effectiveness for theory-based interventions. This study assessed whether the predictive value of attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and intention was similar to studies in Europe and the U.S., and whether there were differences between three sub-Saharan sites. Longitudinal multigroup structural equation modeling was used to assess whether attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy predicted condom use intentions and condom use (after 6 months) among adolescents in three sites, namely Cape Town (South Africa; N = 625), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania; N = 271), and Mankweng (South Africa; N = 404). Condom use intentions were predicted by subjective norms and self-efficacy in all three sites. Attitudes were not related to intentions in Dar es Salaam and were moderately related to intentions in Cape Town and Mankweng. The proportions of explained variance in intentions and behavior were decent (37–52 and 9–19 %, respectively). Although significant differences in predictive value were found between sites and in comparison to European and U.S. studies, intentions could adequately be explained by attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy. However, the limited proportions of variance in behavior explained by intentions could signify the importance of contextual and environmental factors. Future studies are recommended to use an integrative approach that takes into account both individual and contextual factors, as well as social and environmental differences. publishedVersion
- Published
- 2016
179. Increasing Health Care Managers′ Sensitivity to AIDS
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Sims, Ronald R.
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- 1991
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180. Women Left Behind? : Poverty and Headship in Africa
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Milazzo, Annamaria and van de Walle, Dominique
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MEASURES ,POPULATION STUDIES ,MIGRANT ,POOR LIVING ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ,EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ,FEMALE EDUCATION ,FOOD POLICY ,POOR ,FEMALE- HEADED HOUSEHOLDS ,POPULATION ,INCOME ,HOUSEHOLD WELFARE ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,WORLD POPULATION ,AGE DISTRIBUTION ,WOMEN ,URBANIZATION ,STATUS OF WOMEN ,POVERTY RATES ,INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION ,FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS ,POVERTY ,POPULATIONS ,SINGLE MOTHERS ,BULLETIN ,KIDS ,AGE AT MARRIAGE ,LIVING STANDARDS ,POLICY DISCUSSIONS ,IMPACT ON CHILDREN ,FEWER YEARS OF EDUCATION ,IMPACT OF AIDS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,ARMED CONFLICT ,PEACE ,POPULATION DIVISION ,SANITATION ,TRANSFERS ,EXTENDED FAMILY ,FERTILITY ,MARRIED WOMEN ,SINGLE MOTHERHOOD ,SOCIAL AFFAIRS ,PROGRESS ,VULNERABILITY ,LEGAL RIGHTS ,POPULATION ESTIMATES ,MORTALITY ,SOCIAL NORMS ,FIRST MARRIAGE ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,DEPENDENCY RATIOS ,POVERTY INCREASE ,SMALLER HOUSEHOLDS ,CULTURAL CHANGE ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,SCHOOL YEAR ,INFANT ,SOCIAL IMPACT ,HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS ,INEQUALITY ,NEWBORN ,SURVIVAL ADVANTAGE ,CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES ,FAMILY STRUCTURE ,DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE ,TARGETING ,SANITATION FACILITIES ,URBAN POPULATION ,HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ,KINSHIP ,POVERTY ASSESSMENTS ,EDUCATION OF WOMEN ,MINORITY ,POVERTY COMPARISONS ,FEMALE LABOR FORCE ,SPOUSE ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,POVERTY MEASURES ,DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,MARRIAGE ,POPULATION COUNCIL ,ECONOMIC CHANGES ,WOMAN ,DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ,REMITTANCES ,FOOD SECURITY ,ECONOMIC STATUS ,POLICIES ,POLICY ,AIDS ,GENDER INEQUALITY ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA ,POOR PEOPLE ,NUTRITION ,SEX ,RESPECT ,AIDS DEATHS ,INCIDENCE OF POVERTY ,MIGRATION ,POLYGAMY ,DEPENDENCY RATIO ,CURRENT POPULATION ,POVERTY INCIDENCE ,POLICY RESEARCH ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,FAMILY WELFARE ,PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION ,HOUSEHOLD SIZE ,INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE ,KNOWLEDGE ,POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ,LABOR MARKETS ,UNIONS ,CONFLICT ,FAMILY FORMATION ,DIVORCE ,MARITAL STATUS ,HOUSEHOLD HEADS ,HIV ,RURAL ,POVERTY LINE ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LOCAL ECONOMY ,LABOR FORCE ,HIV INFECTION ,FEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCY ,URBAN AREAS ,CHILD MORTALITY ,HUSBANDS - Abstract
This paper is motivated by two stylized facts about poverty in Africa: female-headed households tend to be poorer, and poverty has been falling in the aggregate since the 1990s. These facts raise two questions: How have female-headed households fared? And what role have they played in Africas impressive recent aggregate growth and poverty reduction? Using data covering the entire region, the paper reexamines the current prevalence and characteristics of female-headed households, and asks whether their prevalence has been rising over time, what factors have been associated with such changes since the mid-1990s, and whether poverty has fallen equi-proportionately for male- and female-headed households. Rising gross domestic product has dampened rising female headship. However, other subtle transformations occurring across Africa—changes in marriage behavior, family formation, health, and education—have put upward pressure on female headship, with the result that the share of female-headed households has been growing. This has been happening alongside declining aggregate poverty incidence. However, rather than being left behind, female-headed households have generally seen faster poverty reduction. As a whole, this group has contributed almost as much to the reduction in poverty as male-headed households, despite the smaller share of female-headed households in the population.
- Published
- 2015
181. HIV Disease and Psychiatric Practice
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Catalan, Jose, Riccio, Massimo, and Thompson, Christopher
- Published
- 1990
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182. Women's sexual subjectivity in a Tanzania city in the era of neoliberalism and AIDS.
- Author
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Lees, Shelley
- Subjects
AIDS ,WOMEN'S sexual behavior ,NEOLIBERALISM ,HIV prevention ,SUBJECTIVITY ,HUMAN sexuality ,MEN'S sexual behavior - Abstract
This paper draws on anthropological research exploring women's changing sexuality within an urban context of Tanzania. The women involved were participating in an HIV prevention trial and worked in bars, restaurants, hotels and nightclubs, or sold local beer or food in Mwanza city. In ethnographic fieldwork and interviews and group discussions with women, narratives about sexuality focused on gendered and moral discourses of sexuality, the commodification of sexuality, and emotions and intimacy in relationships. This paper discusses how women's sexual subjectivies are shaped by a city where social, structural and economic changes over an era of neoliberalism and AIDS has created both disciplinary and liberalising spaces in which gendered and moral discourses of sexuality have emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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183. Treatment of HIV among tuberculosis patients: A replication study of timing of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1-associated tuberculosis.
- Author
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Djimeu, Eric W. and Heard, Anna C.
- Subjects
HIV infections ,TUBERCULOSIS patients ,MEDICAL microbiology ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,VIRAL replication - Abstract
Co-diagnosis of HIV and tuberculosis presents a treatment dilemma. Starting both treatments at the same time can cause a flood of immune response called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) which can be lethal. But, how long to delay HIV treatment is less understood. In 2011, based on the conclusions of three separate studies, WHO recommended starting HIV treatment earlier for those with later HIV disease progression. This paper conducts a replication study of one of the three studies, by Havlir and colleagues. Using their publicly available data, we were able to replicate most of the results presented in the original paper. In our measurement and estimation analyses we use different estimation techniques to assess the robustness of the results. We find that adjusting for loss to follow-up does not affect the main results of the paper. However, an ANCOVA estimation and an instrumental variable model weaken the main result of the paper of better outcomes with early HIV treatment only for those who are sicker, reducing significance from the 5% to the 10% level. A change-point analysis also detects no changes in effect by timing of HIV treatment initiation or different thresholds of CD4 count for the primary outcome. This result suggests that the choice of start time for HIV treatment initiation should be based on other factors including potential drug interactions, overlapping side effects, a high pill burden and severity of illness rather than CD4 threshold and preset timeframes. While we caution against overgeneralizing, the result of this replication is aligned with more recent studies that show no evidence that early initiation of HIV treatment reduces mortality for any patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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184. Transformational Practices in Community Learning: A South African Case Study.
- Author
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Berman, Kim and Allara, Pamela
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CASE studies ,TRANSFORMATIVE learning ,HIV ,AIDS - Abstract
This paper co-authored by an artist/activist and a feminist art historian, will present a case study of a multi-disciplinary approach to implement an HIV/AIDS action intervention in targeted communities. The objectives of the training are to assist Phumani Paper projects to become sustainable and to enable participants to reduce the loss and trauma caused by HIV/AIDS affecting their community enterprises. Phumani Paper was set up initially as a government funded poverty alleviation program in seven provinces across South Africa, and presently 17 sites are challenged with survival as viable craft enterprises. Some of those sites have lost up to half their membership as a result the impact of HIV/AIDS. This paper will draw on fifteen years of activism and experience in South Africa. This most recent project is focussed on the use of the visual arts and "PhotoVoice" narratives as a strategy to reduce the impact of HIV/AIDS in impoverished community projects. We will examine the process and results of a pilot project funded by the Ford Foundation, and implemented by a multidisciplinary, multi-cultural team that was conducted in three Phumani Paper craft project sites in July 2006. Part of the success of the pilot can be attributed to the application of Participatory Action Research techniques, which encourage project participants to be co-developers of new knowledge about themselves that can serve to guide social transformation. We will suggest ways that visual and narrative materials when applied as a training intervention can systematically increase the achievement of social change. We argue that social transformation has the most potential when it integrates existing cultural reference points with multi-disciplinary approaches and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
185. Evaluation of the use of dried spots and of different storage conditions of plasma for HIV-1 RNA quantification.
- Author
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Amellal, B., Katlama, C., and Calvez, V.
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HIV ,VIRAL load ,AIDS ,BLOOD plasma ,RNA ,TEMPERATURE - Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of dried plasma spots to determine HIV-1 RNA viral loads. Methods The viral loads of 30 liquid plasma samples were compared with those of corresponding dried plasma spots on filter paper (DPS-FP) and in tubes (DPS-T), both of which were left for 7 days at 22°C. Also, 10 liquid plasma samples with detectable viral load were stored at 4, 22 or 37°C for 7 days and five further liquid plasma samples were air-dried for up to 54 h to assess the effects of temperature and the drying step on HIV-1 viral load. Results The viral loads of the 30 liquid plasma samples correlated significantly with those of the paired dried spots DPS-FP and DPS-T, but with median losses of 0.64 and 0.69 log
10 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, respectively, and a limit of detection of 3 log10 copies/mL. The 10 liquid plasma samples stored for 1 week at 37°C showed a weaker correlation and had a significantly reduced median viral load (–0.92 log10 ; P=0.005) when compared with the viral load of the matched plasma stored at −80°C. Most of the loss happened during the drying step. Conclusions Reliable measurement of HIV-1 RNA viral load requires good plasma storage conditions. HIV RNA stability was affected by desiccation and 1 week of storage at 37°C. However, our findings suggest that liquid plasma can be kept at 4 or 22°C for a week with no effect on viral load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2007
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186. Call for Abstracts
- Published
- 2011
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187. Treatment System Adaptations during War: Lessons from Ukrainian Addiction Treatment Providers.
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Deac, Alexandra A., Zaviryukha, Irina, Rozanova, Julia, Zeziulin, Oleksandr, Kiriazova, Tetiana, Shenoi, Sheela, Peycheva, Anna, Solórzano de Souza, Renata, Skipper, Harry, Abubakar, Asmau A., Gustilo, V. Benjamin, Thornicroft, Graham, Dellamura, Paula, Rich, Katherine M., Earnshaw, Valerie, Bromberg, Daniel J., Mamedova, Elmira, and Yariy, Volodymyr
- Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse treatment ,PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout ,LABOR mobility ,HEALTH policy ,WELL-being ,HUMANITARIANISM ,WAR ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,UKRAINIANS ,MENTAL health ,MEDICAL personnel ,PUBLIC health ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,WAGES ,OCCUPATIONAL adaptation ,RURAL health ,COMPULSIVE behavior ,HIV ,AIDS - Abstract
Background: The war in Ukraine has posed significant challenges to the healthcare system. This paper draws upon expert consultations, held between December 2022 and February 2023, focused on HIV/AIDS, addiction, and mental health service delivery during the first year of this war, and following the Global Mental Health Humanitarian Coalition panel discussion in May 2022. Objectives: This commentary presents the experiences of frontline healthcare workers in Ukraine, challenges, and local adaptations to meet the increased mental health needs of healthcare providers. We aimed to document the adaptations made in the addiction healthcare system and to acknowledge the changes in vulnerabilities and lessons learned. Results: Burnout among healthcare providers delivering addiction, HIV/AIDS and mental health services became more visible after the second half of 2022. Challenges included increased workload, contextual threats, lack of job relocation strategies, and money-follow-the-patient policies. Recommendations: The lessons from the first year of war in Ukraine hold significant generalizability to other contexts. These include enabling bottom-up approaches to tailoring services and allowing healthcare providers to respond to the dynamics of war in an effective and active manner. Other recommendations include departmental-specific resources and strategies, particularly as vulnerable groups and challenges are unstable in humanitarian contexts. Conclusions: Globally and in Ukraine, healthcare workers need more than applause. Along with monetary incentives, other strategies to prevent burnout, ensure sustainable capacity building, job relocation opportunities, and bespoke adaptations are imperative to protect healthcare providers' wellbeing and overall public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. Medical Interns' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward People Living with HIV: Multicenter Experience from Saudi Arabia.
- Author
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Malli, Israa Abdullah, Hamdan, Dalia, Aljahdali, Alhanoof, Almutairi, Amal, Jar, Raghad, Alzahrani, Reham, and Khan, Muhammad Anwar
- Subjects
HIV-positive persons ,NEEDLE exchange programs ,INTERNS (Medicine) ,DISCRIMINATION in medical care ,DRUG abusers ,UNSAFE sex ,NEEDLE sharing - Abstract
Background: Discrimination by some healthcare providers toward people living with HIV/AIDS has been documented. Differences in cultural backgrounds make it harder for future doctors, who need a lot of knowledge and a positive attitude to treat patients. In conservative countries like Saudi Arabia, not enough is known about how much medical interns know about HIV and how they feel about people living with HIV/AIDS.Methods: From April to September 2021, this cross-sectional study use non-probability random sampling and utilized a self-administered questionnaire to collected the data from 346 medical interns who had graduated from five different medical schools.Results: Most of the subjects correctly identified the main transmission routes, such as unprotected sex (94.57%), blood and body fluid exchange (94.19%), and sharing needles or syringes (91.47%). But they did not know what the most common co-infections were for HIV patients or how to protect themselves after exposure. This paper showed that medical interns have some stigmatizing behaviors toward patients living with HIV, as 31.1% and 22.9% agreed, respectively, that they would feel more sympathetic toward people who get AIDS from blood transfusions compared to IV drug users (IDU).Conclusion: Medical interns also showed some positive attitudes, as more than half of the sample (56.2%) would not isolate beds for people living with HIV/AIDS. The study's conclusion is that HIV education and training programs should be added for medical interns, which might have a significant positive impact on their attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
189. Pandemic Responses and the Strengths of Health Systems: A Review of Global AIDS Historiography in Light of COVID-19.
- Author
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Kanazawa, Reiko
- Subjects
PANDEMICS ,AIDS ,CORONAVIRUS diseases ,HIV ,HISTORIOGRAPHY - Abstract
This paper surveys the historiography of the global response to HIV/AIDS. Since 1981, when the disease was first identified, there have been great strides in the medical and biological sciences in understanding the impact of the new virus on the human immune system. Although there is still no successful vaccine, antiretroviral (ART) treatment continues to improve the likelihood of HIV-positive people living long and healthy lives. We have also seen a few exciting cases of full recovery, which will allow scientists to explore new avenues towards a cure. Yet the AIDS pandemic is by no means over: 40 million have died and over 35 million individuals still live with HIV. More importantly, as historians and scholars in the humanities and social sciences have been pointing out since the early 1980s, HIV brought to light how non-medical factors play a critical role in a successful disease response. As the global community faces the aftermath of a new pandemic, it is timely to examine how broader social, economic, political, and cultural factors influence individual experiences of disease at local, national, international, and global scales. This essay examines how scholars have written historically about the HIV pandemic, using a variety of methods and approaches: from traditional histories of medicine to anthropologies of development. While HIV has sparked a massive corpus of historical reflection from a variety of disciplines, its contemporaneity means that "global AIDS historiography" cannot yet be described as a cohesive academic conversation. Yet what unites the scholarship, this essay argues, is its use of HIV to examine how and why post-war social and economic systems have achieved health objectives for some populations and not others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
190. Rescue therapy with an albuvirtide-based antiretroviral regimen in an HIV-infected child with multidrug resistance and multiple opportunistic infections: a case report.
- Author
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Tang, Wei, Song, Xiao-yun, Cao, Jing, Liu, Chun, and Zheng, Fang
- Subjects
ANTI-HIV agents ,HIV infections ,OPPORTUNISTIC infections ,VIRAL load ,HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,MULTIDRUG resistance ,RESEARCH funding ,DRUG side effects ,AIDS-related opportunistic infections ,DRUG toxicity ,AIDS ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Background: Managing multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV infections in children is particularly challenging due to the lack of experience with new drugs in the pediatric setting. Second-line albuvirtide (ABT) with an optimized antiretroviral background therapy was approved for adults and adolescents after first-line treatment failure. This paper describes the treatment outcomes and adverse effects of an ABT-based dual-active antiretroviral treatment regimen in a child with MDR HIV strains. Case presentation: A 13 year-old Chinese female patient infected with MDR HIV strains showed a decrease in viral load (from 4.48 log10 to 1.73 log10) and an increase in CD4 + T cells (from 15 to 308 cells/µl) after 12 months of treatment with an ABT-based antiretroviral regimen. The child showed no relevant drug-related adverse reactions. Conclusions: The case reported here could suggest that an ABT-based antiretroviral therapy might be beneficial and without relevant toxicity in children with MDR HIV. Infectiologists specializing in managing HIV should be prepared to manage an increasing number of children with MDR HIV. ABT might be a new treatment option for MDR HIV infection in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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191. A Review of Serious Gaming as an Intervention for HIV Prevention.
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Smith, Ariel U., Khawly, Gabriella M., Jann, Janna, Zetina, Ana Paola Mata, Padilla, Janeth, and Schnall, Rebecca
- Abstract
Purposeof Review: Young people face the highest number of new HIV infections globally. With today's increasing access to smartphones, serious games have been viewed as an effective means of improving knowledge and behavioral outcomes. This systematic review describes current HIV prevention serious games and their relationship with HIV-related knowledge and behavioral outcomes. Recent Findings: A search of HIV prevention serious games was conducted using PubMed, CINAL, IEEE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A total of 31 papers were identified, which consist of 20 studies and 11 protocols. Results for knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors were mixed. Two interventions reported improvement in PrEP usage and optimal dosing. Summary: Gaming appears to be a viable and engaging method to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral outcomes to promote HIV prevention among diverse groups of adolescents and young adults globally. However, additional research is needed to understand how to implement this modality effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
192. HIV Diagnoses, Prevalence and Outcomes in Nine Southern States
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Xiaohong Hu, Kathryn Whetten, Brian W. Pence, Elena Wilson, Susan Reif, and Irene Hall
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Adult ,Male ,Gerontology ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,HIV diagnosis ,Population ,HIV Infections ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Health(social science) ,Young Adult ,Sex Factors ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Residence Characteristics ,Case fatality rate ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Southern United States ,Mortality ,Young adult ,Substance Abuse, Intravenous ,education ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Original Paper ,education.field_of_study ,Poverty ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Racial Groups ,Age Factors ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV ,virus diseases ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Texas ,Southeastern United States ,United States ,AIDS ,Substance abuse ,Female ,Rural area ,business ,Sexuality ,Demography - Abstract
A group of nine states in the Southern United States, hereafter referred to as the targeted states, has experienced particularly high HIV diagnosis and case fatality rates. To provide additional information about the HIV burden in this region, we used CDC HIV surveillance data to examine characteristics of individuals diagnosed with HIV in the targeted states (2011), 5-year HIV and AIDS survival, and deaths among persons living with HIV (2010). We used multivariable analyses to explore the influence of residing in the targeted states at diagnosis on deaths among persons living with HIV after adjustment for demographics and transmission risk. In 2011, the targeted states had a higher HIV diagnosis rate (24.5/100,000 population) than the US overall (18.0/100,000) and higher proportions than other regions of individuals diagnosed with HIV who were black, female, younger, and living in suburban and rural areas. Furthermore, the targeted states had lower HIV and AIDS survival proportions (0.85, 0.73, respectively) than the US overall (0.86, 0.77, respectively) and the highest death rate among persons living with HIV of any US region. Regional differences in demographics and transmission risk did not explain the higher death rate among persons living with HIV in the targeted states indicating that other factors contribute to this disparity. Differences in characteristics and outcomes of individuals with HIV in the targeted states are critical to consider when creating strategies to address HIV in the region, as are other factors identified in previous research to be prominent in the region including poverty and stigma.
- Published
- 2014
193. NRHA releases issue paper on HIV and AIDS in rural America.
- Author
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Sweeney, Rosemarie and Rose, Verna L.
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HIV ,AIDS ,RURAL health ,SOCIETIES - Abstract
Focuses on the increasing incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in rural America, in an issue paper by the National Rural Health Association (NRHA). What is included in the paper; Information on the conference being held by the NRHA; Contact information.
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- 1998
194. Lessons from America
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Scriven, Angela
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- 1993
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195. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Reports Findings in HIV/AIDS (An Analysis of Approaches to Reduction of HIV Stigma across the World through educational interventions: A Scoping Review).
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SEXUALLY transmitted diseases ,RNA viruses ,SCIENCE journalism ,RETROVIRUSES ,AIDS ,LIFE expectancy ,SHAME - Abstract
A report from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, discusses the findings of a scoping review study on approaches to reducing HIV stigma through educational interventions. The study analyzed papers published from 2000 to 2022 and identified three key areas for stigma reduction: society, healthcare providers, and patients and their families. The interventions included education, observation of protective standards, testing and treatment, and support from society, policymakers, religious leaders, and families. The research concludes that stigma can be reduced and the quality of life for HIV patients improved through education, support, and various forms of assistance. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
196. Cybersecurity: A Deep Learning Model for Intrusion Detection in IoT
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Singh, Abhijeet, Mishra, Achyut, Antil, Ajit, Bhushan, Bharat, Chauhan, Anamika, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Roy, Nihar Ranjan, editor, Tanwar, Sudeep, editor, and Batra, Usha, editor
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- 2024
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197. Role of ART and PrEP treatments in a stochastic HIV/AIDS epidemic model.
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Luo, Yantao, Huang, Jianhua, Teng, Zhidong, and Liu, Qun
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- *
BASIC reproduction number , *AIDS , *HIV , *PRE-exposure prophylaxis , *EPIDEMICS , *STOCHASTIC models - Abstract
In this paper, a stochastic HIV/AIDS epidemic model is presented to study the synthetic effect of ART (antiretroviral therapy) and PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) treatments among MSM (men who have sex with men). Firstly, we give the global stability of disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium in terms of basic reproduction number R 0 for deterministic model. And then the existence of global positive solutions and the existence of unique ergodic stationary distribution under R 0 S > 1 for stochastic model are given. Further, the long-time stochastic dynamic of the model is investigated, including the criteria on the extinction and persistence in mean for the stochastic model. Finally, we give some numerical simulations to illustrate our theoretical results, and the sensitive analysis shows that ART (antiretroviral therapy) and PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) treatments can effectively control the spread of AIDS among MSM population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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198. HIV Care and Viral Suppression During the Last Year of Life: A Comparison of HIV-Infected Persons Who Died of HIV-Attributable Causes With Persons Who Died of Other Causes in 2012 in 13 US Jurisdictions
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William K. Adih, Xiuchan Guo, H. Irene Hall, and Richard M. Selik
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Health Informatics ,Disease ,causes of death ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Viral suppression ,care ,Immunodeficiency ,Cause of death ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV ,medicine.disease ,030112 virology ,AIDS ,Immunology ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
Background: Little information is available about care before death among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected persons who die of HIV infection, compared with those who die of other causes. Objective: The objective of our study was to compare HIV care and outcome before death among persons with HIV who died of HIV-attributable versus other causes. Methods: We used National HIV Surveillance System data on CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and viral loads within 12 months before death in 2012, as well as on underlying cause of death. Deaths were classified as “HIV-attributable” if the reported underlying cause was HIV infection, an AIDS-defining disease, or immunodeficiency and as attributable to “other causes” if the cause was anything else. Persons were classified as “in continuous care” if they had ≥2 CD4 or viral load test results ≥3 months apart in those 12 months and as having “viral suppression” if their last viral load was
- Published
- 2017
199. Development of an Index of Engagement in HIV Care: An Adapted Internet-Based Delphi Process
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Johnson, Mallory O, Koester, Kimberly A, Wood, Troy, Neilands, Torsten B, Pomeranz, Jamie L, and Christopoulos, Katerina A
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Delphi method ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Set (psychology) ,computer.programming_language ,Original Paper ,retention in care ,Medical education ,030505 public health ,Data collection ,Conceptualization ,engagement in care ,HIV ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Focus group ,3. Good health ,AIDS ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,computer ,Delphi - Abstract
Background: Improving engagement in medical care among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is critical to optimizing clinical outcomes and reducing onward transmission of HIV. However, a clear conceptualization of what it means to be engaged in HIV care is lacking, and thus efforts to measure and enhance engagement in care are limited. Objective: This paper describes the use of a modified online Delphi process of consensus building to solicit input from a range of HIV and non-HIV researchers and providers, and to integrate that input with focus group data conducted with HIV-infected patients. The overarching goal was to generate items for a patient-centered measure of engagement in HIV care for use in future research and clinical practice. Methods: We recruited 66 expert panelists from around the United States. Starting with six open-ended questions, we used four rounds of online Delphi data collection in tandem with 12 in-person focus groups with patients and cognitive interviews with 25 patients. Results: We recruited 66 expert panelists from around the United States and 64 (97%) were retained for four rounds of data collection. Starting with six open-ended questions, we used four rounds of online Delphi data collection in tandem with 12 in-person focus groups with patients and cognitive interviews with 25 patients. The process resulted in an expansion to 120 topics that were subsequently reduced to 13 candidate items for the planned assessment measure. Conclusions: The process was an efficient method of soliciting input from geographically separated and busy experts across a range of disciplines and professional roles with the aim of arriving at a coherent definition of engagement in HIV care and a manageable set of survey items to assess it. Next steps are to validate the utility of the new measure in predicting retention in care, adherence to treatment, and clinical outcomes among patients living with HIV. [JMIR Res Protoc 2017;6(12):e224]
- Published
- 2017
200. Strategies for counselling the 'worried well' in relation to AIDS: discussion paper.
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Bor, R., Perry, L., Miller, R., and Jackson, J.
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AIDS & psychology ,AIDS phobia ,HIV infections ,PATIENT-professional relations ,PATIENT education ,HEALTH counseling - Abstract
The article focuses on the psychological effects of AIDS on people who are worried about HIV infection. These people are referred to as the "worried well." It is believed that counselors and physicians need to be sensitized about the concern and fears of these patients. Further research and different counseling approaches need to be developed to educate patients understand their problems.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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