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Current evidence shows inconsistencies about ambient air pollution (AAP) exposure as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed meta-analyses to estimate the pooled risk of PD due to AAP exposure. We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Google Scholar, The Cochrane Library, and J-GATEPLUS databases for peer-reviewed epidemiological studies reporting the risk of PD due to exposure to PM 2.5 , PM 10 , O 3 , CO, NO 2 , NO X and SO 2 ; from the beginning until October 2021. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the effect of NO 2 (per 1 μg/m 3 ) and O 3 (per 1 ppb) on PD was 1.01[95% CI: 1.00,1.02; I 2  = 69% ( p  = .01)] and 1.01 [95% CI: 1.00,1.02; I 2  = 66% ( p  = .03)], respectively. The ORs for the effects of PM 2.5 (per 1 µg/m 3 ) and CO (per 1 ppm) on PD were 1.01 [95% CI: .99,1.03; I 2  = 40%] and 1.64 [95% CI: .96,2.78; I 2  = 75% ( p  = .01)], respectively. The study showed the adverse roles of NO 2 , O 3 , PM 2.5, and CO in increasing the risk for PD.

Background: There are prevailing inconsistencies in epidemiological research about air pollution being a risk factor for dementia., Objective: We performed meta-analyses to calculate the pooled estimates of the risk of developing dementia due to air pollution exposure., Methods and Materials: We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Google Scholar, The Cochrane Library, and J-GATEPLUS databases for peer-reviewed epidemiological studies reporting the risk of developing all-cause dementia, cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) due to exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) and less than 10 μm (PM 10 ), ozone (O 3 ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO X ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) from the beginning until December 2020. Meta-analysis was performed by adopting the random-effects model using Meta-XL., Results: In all-cause dementia, the pooled hazard ratio (HR) for PM 2.5 and NO 2 exposure was 1.03 [(95%CI: 1.01-1.06; I 2 = 99% (P < 0.001)] and 1.00 [(95%CI: 1.00-1.01; I 2 = 96% (P < 0.001)], respectively. The pooled HR for NO X was 1.00 [(95%CI: 1.00-1.01; I 2 = 61% (P = 0.05)]. In AD, the pooled HRs for PM 2.5 and O 3 was 1.08 (95%CI: 1.01-1.15; I 2 = 99% (P < 0.001)]) and 1.02 (95%CI: 0.96-1.08; I 2 = 100% (P < 0.001)], respectively. In VaD, the pooled HR for PM 2.5 exposure was 1.03 (95%CI: 1.01-1.06; I 2 = 91% (P < 0.001)]. In NO 2 /NO X , the results were found to be equivocal. Meta-analysis could not be performed in cognitive decline because of wide variations in assessments methods., Conclusions: The present study showed exposure to PM 2.5 as a risk factor for all-cause dementia, AD, and VaD and exposure to O 3 as a possible risk factor for AD. These findings can be used for policy measures and further research., Competing Interests: None

Objectives: Ambient air pollution (AAP) is an important risk factor for increased mental health morbidity. Studies have highlighted the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. However, existing evidence regarding this is largely equivocal. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to synthesize published evidence to calculate the pooled estimate of the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder., Content: A systematic bibliographic search was undertaken using PubMed, JGateplus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library for observational human studies published in English till 31st March 2020 reporting the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Meta-analysis was performed adopting a random-effects model using Meta-XL. Of 412 articles retrieved, a total of 30 articles [AAP and anxiety disorders, (n=17, 57%); AAP and psychological stress, (n=9, 30%) and AAP and both psychological stress and anxiety disorders, (n=4, 13%)] fulfilled the inclusion criteria covering a total population of 973,725 individuals. The pooled estimate (OR) of the effects of PM 10 on psychological stress was 1.03 [(95% CI: 1.00, 1.05) (p=0.17, I 2 =41%)]. The pooled estimate of the effects of NO 2 and PM 10 on anxiety disorder was 0.93 [(95% CI: 0.89, 0.97) (p=0.91, I 2 =0%)] and 0.88 [(95% CI: 0.78, 0.98) (p=0.01, I 2 =59%)] respectively. The pooled estimate of the effects of PM 2.5 on anxiety Disorder was 0.88 [(95% CI: 0.72, 1.06) (p=0.00, I 2 =80%)]., Summary and Outlook: The present study provides the most updated pooled estimate of the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. Future studies should focus on longitudinal studies conducted in LIC and LMIC countries using uniform and standardized criteria for exposure and outcome assessment as well as robust adjustment for confounders to minimize methodological heterogeneity resulting in reliable and comparable estimation of environmental mental health burden., (© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.)

Background: Textile industry has been widely implicated in environmental pollution. The health effects of residing near manufacturing industries are not well documented in India, especially in central India. Hence, a cross-sectional environmental monitoring and health assessment study was initiated as per directions of the local authorities. Methods: Comprehensive exposure data about the concentrations of relevant pollutants in the ambient air and ground water samples in the study area will be collected over one year. Using stratified random sampling, 3003 apparently healthy adults will be selected from the study area. Sociodemographic and anthropometric information, relevant medical and family history, and investigations including spirometry, electrocardiogram, neurobehavioral tests, and laboratory investigations (complete blood count, lipid profile and random blood glucose) will be conducted. Finally Iodine azide test and heavy metal level detection in urine and blood samples respectively will be conducted in a subset of selected participants to assess individual pollution exposure. Ethics approval has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of the National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (No: NIREH/IEC-7-II/1027, dated 07/01/2021). Discussion: This manuscript describes the protocol for a multi-disciplinary study that aims to conduct environmental monitoring and health assessment in residential areas near viscose rayon and associated chemical manufacturing industries. Although India is the second largest manufacturer of rayon, next only to China, and viscose rayon manufacturing has been documented to be a source of multiple toxic pollutants, there is a lack of comprehensive information about the health effects of residing near such manufacturing units in India. Therefore implementing this study protocol will aid in filling in this knowledge gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to quantify the changes in the pollutants level in the ambient air of Madhya Pradesh during COVID-19 induced 21 days lockdown. The data of 16 continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations (CAAQMS) for six pollutants, namely PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, and Ozone for pre-lockdown (1–21 March 2020) and lockdown (25 March-14 April 2020) period was compiled and appropriate statistical analysis was done. The result showed a reduction of 13%, 20%, 37%, 39% and 25% in the ambient air level of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx and CO, respectively, during the lockdown. No such declining trend was observed in the ambient air ozone level. Ambient air ozone level changed between −22 and +30% compared to pre-lockdown concentrations. The mean ambient air ozone concentration was reduced at the residential/commercial stations (−5%), but was increased at the industrial stations (+19%) concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]