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Results of the analysis of interannual, seasonal, and diurnal variations in the ratios of the mixture of CH4, CO2, CO, benzene, and δ13C–CH4 in the surface air of Moscow based on the measurements at the station of the Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), in 2018–2020 are presented. The annual maximum concentration of CH4, CO2, and CO (>2.2, 430, and 0.20 ppm, respectively) occurs in the winter months due to the seasonal increase in the anthropogenic load from the main sources of urban pollution: motor transport and thermal power plants and a decrease in the role of vertical air mixing. The greatest contribution of local and remote microbial sources to the CH4 concentration is noted in the summer months against the background of low δ13C–CH4 values (–50 to –60‰). In all seasons, CH4, CO2, and CO ground level peaks lasting up to several hours are due to the transport from industrial sites in the E–SE sector. The calculated mean emission ratios in urban air were CH4/benzene = 0.52–0.54 ppm/ppb, CH4/СО = 0.56–0.75 ppm/ppm, CO2/benzene = 77–93 ppm/ppb, CO2/СО = 81–131 ppm/ppm, and CO/benzene = 0.65–1.11 ppm/ppb. These ratios characterize the predominant contribution of emissions from motor transport and the heat and power equipment and can be used to refine the absolute values of emissions, including those on the basis of existing inventories of sources of anthropogenic air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use a regional chemistry transport model (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry, WRF-Chem) in conjunction with surface observations of tropospheric ozone and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite retrievals of tropospheric column NO 2 to evaluate processes controlling the regional distribution of tropospheric ozone over western Siberia for late spring and summer in 2011. This region hosts a range of anthropogenic and natural ozone precursor sources, and it serves as a gateway for near-surface transport of Eurasian pollution to the Arctic. However, there is a severe lack of in situ observations to constrain tropospheric ozone sources and sinks in the region. We show widespread negative bias in WRF-Chem tropospheric column NO 2 when compared to OMI satellite observations from May–August, which is reduced when using ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants) v5a emissions (fractional mean bias (FMB) = - 0.82 to - 0.73) compared with the EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research)-HTAP (Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution) v2.2 emissions data (FMB = - 0.80 to - 0.70). Despite the large negative bias, the spatial correlations between model and observed NO 2 columns suggest that the spatial pattern of NO x sources in the region is well represented. Scaling transport and energy emissions in the ECLIPSE v5a inventory by a factor of 2 reduces column NO 2 bias (FMB = - 0.66 to - 0.35), but with overestimates in some urban regions and little change to a persistent underestimate in background regions. Based on the scaled ECLIPSE v5a emissions, we assess the influence of the two dominant anthropogenic emission sectors (transport and energy) and vegetation fires on surface NO x and ozone over Siberia and the Russian Arctic. Our results suggest regional ozone is more sensitive to anthropogenic emissions, particularly from the transport sector, and the contribution from fire emissions maximises in June and is largely confined to latitudes south of 60 ∘ N. Ozone dry deposition fluxes from the model simulations show that the dominant ozone dry deposition sink in the region is to forest vegetation, averaging 8.0 Tg of ozone per month, peaking at 10.3 Tg of ozone deposition during June. The impact of fires on ozone dry deposition within the domain is small compared to anthropogenic emissions and is negligible north of 60 ∘ N. Overall, our results suggest that surface ozone in the region is controlled by an interplay between seasonality in atmospheric transport patterns, vegetation dry deposition, and a dominance of transport and energy sector emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative study was carried out to explore carbon monoxide total columnar amount (CO TC) in background and polluted atmosphere, including the stations of ZSS (Zvenigorod), ZOTTO (Central Siberia), Peterhof, Beijing, and Moscow, during 1998-2014, on the basis of ground- and satellite-based spectroscopic measurements. Interannual variations of CO TC in different regions of Eurasia were obtained from ground-based spectroscopic observations, combined with satellite data from the sensors MOPITT (2001-14), AIRS (2003-14), and IASI MetOp-A (2010-13). A decreasing trend in CO TC (1998-2014) was found at the urban site of Beijing, where CO TC decreased by 1.14%±0.87% yr−1. Meanwhile, at the Moscow site, CO TC decreased remarkably by 3.73%±0.39% yr−1. In the background regions (ZSS, ZOTTO, Peterhof), the reduction was 0.9%-1.7% yr−1 during the same period. Based on the AIRSv6 satellite data for the period 2003-14, a slight decrease (0.4%-0.6% yr−1) of CO TC was detected over the midlatitudes of Eurasia, while a reduction of 0.9%-1.2% yr−1 was found in Southeast Asia. The degree of correlation between the CO TC derived from satellite products (MOPITTv6 Joint, AIRSv6 and IASI MetOp-A) and ground-based measurements was calculated, revealing significant correlation in unpolluted regions. While in polluted areas, IASI MetOp-A and AIRSv6 data underestimated CO TC by a factor of 1.5-2.8. On average, the correlation coefficient between ground- and satellite-based data increased significantly for cases with PBL heights greater than 500 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the concentrations of the main gas components of the surface air in Moscow, Russia during summer 2010. It states that the summer 2010 in Moscow was characterized with hot weather resulting to forest and peat wildfires which was caused by a blocking anticyclone of a strange high intensity. It mentions that during the atmosphere blocking, concentration of all the gaseous pollutants increased. It adds that the measured gaseous pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), ozone (O3) gained varied rates of intensity. Moreover, the intensive automobile traffic in the morning rush hours and in the evening contributed to the increase of concentrations to most main pollutants in the surface air.

The article presents findings of experimental observations of the atmospheric composition over the Moscow in Russia megapolis carried out by using a mobile railroad laboratory. It informs that the experiment measures the radiative and meteorological parameters and the surface concentrations of key gas components and aerosol. The ata analysis report reveals the sources of pollution, character, and degree of the influence of the city on the regional atmosphere. It mentions that with an increase in the population in Moscow, the numbers of industry reconstruction, and heavy growth of automobile transport have increased and causing large amount of emission of pollutants and intensification of oxidizing properties in the atmospheric air.