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This paper aims to find probabilities of extreme values of the air temperature for the Cerrado, Pantanal and Atlantic Forest biomes in Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil. In this case a maximum likelihood estimation was employed for the probability distributions fitting the extreme monthly air temperatures for 2007–2018. Using the Extreme Value Theory approach this work estimates three probability distributions: the Generalized Distribution of Extreme Values (GEV), the Gumbel (GUM) and the Log-Normal (LN). The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the corrected Akaike criterion AICc, the Bayesian information criterion BIC, the root of the mean square error RMSE and the determination coefficient R2 were applied to measure the goodness-of-fit. The estimated distributions were used to calculate the probabilities of occurrence of maximum monthly air temperatures over 28–32 °C. Temperature predictions were done for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 30-, 50- and 100-year return periods. The GEV and GUM distributions are recommended to be used in the warmer months. In the coldest months, the LN distribution gave a better fit to a series of extreme air temperatures. Deforestation, combustion and extensive fires, and the related aerosol emissions contribute, alongside climate change, to the generation of extreme air temperatures in the studied biomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between land use and topography on the variations of temperature and relative humidity in urban and rural municipalities in the Contagem and Betim, south-central state of Minas Gerais- Brazil. The measurement of climatic data occurred during the winter (20/06 - 21/09/2011) continuously and simultaneously, at intervals of sixty minutes, using the automatic sensors (dataloggers - Icel HT model 4000). The weather station INMET, headquartered on the campus of UFMG were used for calibration of instruments and control of the local variations of climatic elements. The data obtained were analyzed in a comparative way in a time sequence taking into account the environmental characteristics (topography and land use) and atmospheric. The temperature of the air taken in urban showed count on "delay" in its development in hourly and lower amplitude when compared to data measured in Betim (rural area). Was attributed these facts to the topographical situation of each of the positions and characteristics of conservation and heat production in the urban environment associated with low specific heat of the materials used in construction, higher density of buildings, relative lack of green areas and participation additional sources of anthropogenic heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]