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Aizanoi is located within the borders of the Cavdarhisar district, 48 km southwest of Kutahya Province. Today, it has a special place with its ancient and rural texture together, its cultural heritage items and its inclusion in the Unesco World Cultural Heritage Tentative List. Aizanoi, one of the important tourist centers of Kutahya with all these features, has been inhabited since the early periods and has started to take place in the archaeological literature in the 18th-19th century with its texture. Penkalas (Kocacay) Stream, which is the main subject of the study, is important for the settlement and agriculture of the region. The first comprehensive studies in Penkalas were started in 2011. To develop regional tourism, ensure local development and transfer cultural heritage to future generations, the Penkalas/Kocacay Stream No. 2 and 4 Bridge Improvement Project was prepared by the Aizanoi Excavation Department and approved by the Kutahya Cultural Heritage Preservation Regional Board Directorate in 2017 and the implementation process has started. In this study, excavation, research and restoration works carried out in Penkalas Stream and the results of these studies will be evaluated.

Aizanoi is located on the Orencik Plain Plateau, within the borders of Cavdarhisar district, 48 km southwest of the Kutahya Province. In ancient times, the city was in the Phrygian Epictetus region. Although the earliest data of Aizanoi are the findings dated to the Paleolithic period, the earliest archaeological data belonging to the settlement are obtained from the mound on which the temple of Zeus is located and they are dated to the Early Bronze Age. During the Roman Imperial period, the city experienced its brightest era. Especially during the reign of emperor Hadrianus and Antoninus, the increasing development in construction activities and transformation of Aizanoi to a city that received intense migration, her a cosmopolitan structure. Until the middle of the 3rd century AD, Aizanoi continued to hold her leading political and religious position in the region. At the beginning of the 4th century AD, Aizanoi became a part of the Phrygia Prima province, which constituted by combining Phrygia and Caria. The city has an ancient texture with examples of public and religious architecture. In addition, it is an example of cultural heritage with its pastoral structure, which includes examples of local civil architecture from the Turkish period. With these features, it was accepted into the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Tentative List on 12 April 2012. Excavations were carried out in the area defined as the northern necropolis between 2012 and 2017. The Northern necropolis is located at the rear side of the theater in the northern part of Aizanoi and 1020 m above sea level. The depth of the graves is generally around 40-60 cm, which is not a very deep dug for burial; on the contrary, burial was carried out close to the surface of the soil. Determination of similar depth of graves throughout the north necropolis indicates that was a conscious preference. According to the data, the burial in the Northern Necropolis began in the late 2nd century BC and intensified in the 1st century BC and 1st century AD. Although it was rare, burial activities continued during the 3rd century AD. The common form of burial was cremation in from the 2nd century BC to the midst of the 1st century AD and then inhumation appeared in the early 1st century AD. Dorsal laying is popular in the inhumation burials. The types of the graves are simple earth, simple earth with plaque lid, shaft grave, chamber tomb and ostothece. The first two of these are the commonest type of graves in the Northern Necropolis. Both single and multiple burials were found during the excavations. Grave good are divided into two as outside and inside of the grave which includes terracotta figurines, pottery, glass, metal, bone, stone objects, and coins. The Aizanoi mask was found in a simple earthen grave of two young adults with destroyed skeletons in the Northern Necropolis in 2012. It has been observed that the first person was a young woman and the second also a young person. Since the bones were scattered, the lying direction or positions of the person is not clear. The grave goods are 5 iron nails, a bronze coin, a terracotta mask, a few pots, a lamp, the fragment of unguentarium and 2 thymeitarion bases, which were put outside of the grave an as offering. The terracotta mask was found in two pieces under the leg bones of the person. Broken and missing parts of hair and face were restored and completed. The terracotta mask found as a grave good should portray one of the characters of the Dionysiac world with two lines of band above the forehead and small horns on the forehead. In this study, the mask is examined in terms of iconography and in this context, its meaning and whom it portrayed are discussed. Then, the reasons for placing the mask into the grave are emphasized. The grave goods found inside and outside the tomb are also examined and the mask and tomb are dated.

Bu çalışmada Aizanoi antik kenti kuzey nekropolis'inde bulunan bir mezar ve buluntuları değerlendirilecektir. Mezar 2012 yılında yapılan kazıda bulunmuştur. Kist mezar olup, bir erkek ve olasılıkla bir kadına aittir. Mezardaki gömü tipi inhumasyon'dur. Mezar buluntuları olan terrakotta bir horoz ve kuş figürini, grotesk bir erkek başı, bir kandil, demir civiler ve cam unguentairumlar bu makalede değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır., In this study, the grave and grave objects which were found in the Northern Necropolis of the antique city of Aizanoi will be evaluated in general terms. The grave was discovered during an excavation in 2012. Being a cist grave, it belonged to a man and possiblt to a women. The type of burial used in the grave is inhumation. The grave findings are a terracotta cock, bird figurines, a grotesque figurine of a man, a lamb, iron nails, glass unguentarium which are also evaluated in this paper.

In this paper, analyzed that the findings which are found North Necropolis of Aizanoi between 2012 and 2014 years. The graves are generally earth cist and terracotta plaque lid graves. While the earlier graves are dated to the endings of the 2nd century BC., the latest tombs are belonged to the 3rd century AD. However the common dates are between 2nd BC. and Late 1st centuries AD. for the graves. The cremation was widespread for the earlier graves, inhumation is common after the midst of the 1st century AD. We consider that some cremation graves are belonged to the soldiers though of the findings. The grave which is found terracotta Heracles statuette seems that contacted to Balkans. Heracles statuette is symposium type. Probable it is set to heroised the dead into the grave. The similar examples are met with Balkans. It is discovered a miniature helmet upon the grave earth. The another interesting findings which are found in some cremation graves of Aizanoi North Necropolis is the bowls that set reversed to the earth. As known that the similar bowls are found Phrygia and Lydia regions also discovered in Macedonia. Some inscriptions of Aizanoi are informed that the soldiers came from Macedonia in the Late Hellenistic period to Aizanoi. It is possible that some graves which are found in the north necropolis, related to people from Balkans in Aizanoi in Halter Hellenistic period.

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In this paper, analyzed that the relation between Meter Steunene sanctuary of Aizanoi and Aba Sultan which is located on the opposite hill of the Cybele sanctuary in Aizanoi/Cavdarhisar. Meter Steunene sanctuary is located 3 km far from southwest of Aizanoi ancient city. Two bothroi which were built for Cybele are seen still today. Ancient writer Pausanias is mentioned that the procession for Cybele. People who are received to Cybele cult in this procession, must get into bohtroi and, cut a bull by Cybele priests and washed the blood of the bull and then accepted to the Cybele cult. We observed that another ritual is occurred which are located just the opposite of the Cybele cult place that the named Aba Sultan by the local people in Cavdarhisar. Local Cavdarhisar people are climbed to the hill and pray to the Aba Sultan for the rain and indeed this tradition is related to Turk-Islam Periods. People are employed with agriculture for thousand years since Roman period and also Modern times in Aizanoi-Cavdarhisar and naturally they are begun to pray for the rain on the Aba Sultan Hill and offered the animal sacrifices, when the drought is became in Cavdarhisar. Two women who have got different names but similar rituals on the two hills where are located facing each other in Aizanoi/Cavdarhisar. The names could be change but the tradition is continued in Aizanoi/Cavdarhisar in the Phrygia region.

Bu makalede Kütahya İli’nin 57 km güneybatısında, Çavdarhisar İlçe’sinde konumlanan Aizanoi antik kentindeki Zeus tapınağı, stadion-tiyatro kompleksi, macellum alanı ve mozaikli hamam ile çevresi ele alınarak; tarihsel süreçte söz konusu yapılar ve bulundukları alanın tahribi-müdahale ve fonksiyonlarının değişimi değerlendirilecektir., This paper examines the Zeus temple, the complex of stadion-theatre, macellum area and the mosaic bath erected and built in Aizanoi ancient city located in the inner western Anatolia region, 54 km southwest of Kutahya Province, and within the present boundaries of the district Cavdarhisar. It aims to analyse the destruction and transformation of these ancient buildings’ functions during the historical period in Aizanoi.

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Aizanitis Bölgesi olarak adlandırılan Aizanoi kenti territoryumu mezar taşları açısından zengin veriler barındırmaktadır. Ancak daha önceki yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar hem bölgenin kapsadığı alan hem de mezar steli tipolojisi açısından boşluklar barındırmaktadır. Bu nedenle malzemenin toplu olarak değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. MÖ 2.yy.dan itibaren Aizanitis Bölgesinde görülen mezar stelleri dikdörtgen gövdeli ve üçgen alınlıklıdır. Ancak MS 1.yy.ın ikinci yarısından itibaren ortaya çıkan kapı biçimli mezar stelleri bölge için karakteristik özellikler barındırmaktadır. Genellikle dört panele ayrılmış kapılarda sol üst kapı panelinde çiçek, sağ üst panelde kilit ve alt panellerde baklava dilimi içinde kapı tokmağı şeması Aizanitis Bölgesi için karakteristiktir. MS 2.yy.ın ilk çeyreğinden sonra kentin ekonomik olarak en güçlü zamanlarını yaşadığı dönemde ortaya çıkan Suriye tipi alınlıklı mezar stelleri ile beraber steller üzerinde gördüğümüz bezeme unsurları zenginleşmiştir. Genel olarak mezar stelleri üzerindeki süslemeler kişinin yaşarken ki onurlu hayatı ve öldükten sonra nasıl hatırlanmak istediği ile ilgilidir. Erkek mezar stelleri üzerinde gördüğümüz aslanlar ve kartallar Aizanoi'da bulunan Meter Stuenene kutsal alanı ve Zeus Tapınağı ile alakalı olmasının yanı sıra güç sembolleridir. Kadına dair olarak karşımıza çıkan ayna, tarak ve kalathos gibi objeler ise kadının günlük yaşantısına işaret etmesinin yanında ailesine sadık, onurlu bir yaşam sürdüğünün simgesidir. Eşler ve diğer aile bireyleri için yapılmış çift veya daha fazla sayıda mezar steli geleneği Aizanitis Bölgesi'nde çevre kentlere göre daha fazla rastlanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte gelen Suriye tipi alınlıklarda bir tarafta avlanan erkek aslan ve diğer alınlıkta beslenen dişi aslan kombinasyonu Aizanitis Bölgesi'ne özgü en önemli bezeme öğesidir. The territory of the city of Aizanoi, called the Aizanitis Region, contains rich data in terms of gravestones. However, the studies carried out in previous years contain gaps both in terms of the area covered and the typology of the grave stele. Therefore, the material needs to be evaluated collectively. The grave steles seen in the Aizanitis Region since the 2nd century BC have a rectangular body and a triangular pediment. However, the door-shaped grave steles that emerged from the second half of the 1st century AD have characteristic features for the region. Typically, for doors divided into four panels, the flower on the upper left panel, the lock on the upper right panel, and the knocker lozenge scheme on the lower panels are characteristic for the Aizanitis. After the first quarter of the 2nd century AD, the Syrian-type pediment tomb steles that emerged during the period when the city experienced the strongest economic times, and the decoration elements that we saw on the steles were enriched. In general, the decorations on the grave steles are related to the dignified life of the person living and how he wants to be remembered after his death. The lions and eagles we see on male tomb steles are related to the Sanctuary of Meter Steunene in Aizanoi and the Temple of Zeus, as well as symbols of power. The objects such as mirrors, combs and kalathos that we encounter in relation to women are a symbol of a loyal and honorable life as well as pointing to the daily life of the woman. Couple or more grave stele traditions for spouses and other family members are more common in the Aizanitis Region than in neighboring cities. However, the combination of male lion hunted on one side and female lion fed on the other pediment in the Syrian type pediments is the most important decoration element of the Aizanitis Region. 466

Kültürel miras olarak Aizanoi antik kentinin maddi-manevi kültürel değerlerin yazılı ortama aktarımıyla Soküm çalışmalarına katkı sağlamak ve kültürel değerlerin korunmasında bireylerde farkındalık oluşturmak amaçlanmaktadır. Sözlü aktarımlar ile kuşaktan kuşağa miras bırakılan sözlü geleneğin ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde kayıt altına alınması, geçmiş ve günümüz adetleri ile kıyaslayarak somut olmayan kültürel mirasımızın yaşatılması noktasında gelecek nesillere taşımak hedeflenmiştir. Konusu `Çavdarhisar Ölü Gömme Adetleri` olan çalışmada: ölümü düşündüren haller, hayvanların çıkardığı seslerin, doğa olaylarının ve meteorolojik olayların, rüyaların, büyünün, hurafelerin, batıl inanışların ölümle ilişkilendirilmesi gibi konu ve konu alt başlıkları değerlendirmeye alınacaktır. Aynı zamanda Aizanoi kazı çalışmalarında elde edilen arkeolojik buluntular, Aizanoi kazısı somut olmayan kültürel mirasın belgelenmesi kapsamında gerçekleştirilen Halk Bilimi alan araştırması verileri ilgili literatür çalışmaları dahilinde ele alınacaktır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Ölü Gömme Adetleri, Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras, Rüya, Büyü, Batıl İnanış ve Hurafeler. It is aimed to contribute to the Sokum studies through the transfer of the material and spiritual cultural values of t of Aizanoi ancient city as a cultural heritage and to raise awareness in the protection of the cultural values. It has been aimed to record the oral tradition inherited from the beginning with the oral traditions at national and international levels and to carry on to the next generations at the point of survival of our intangible cultural heritage compared to past and present traditions.The subject will be assessed under the headings of `Çavdarhisar Burial Customs` such as the cases of death, the voices of animals, nature events and meteorological events, the connection of dreams, wonders, wonders and superstitions to death. At the same time, archaeological finds from Aizanoi excavations will be handled within the scope of the relevant literature review of the folklore field survey conducted within the scope of documenting the intangible cultural heritage of the Aizanoi excavation.Key words: Burial Customs, Units, Intangible Cultural Heritage, Dream, Magic, Superstition and superstition. 205