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Two monoclonal anti-HSA antibodies, HA1 and HA2, have been shown to be specific for a univalent fragment of 6000 mol. wt, F1, located near the C-terminus of HSA (Doven, Pesce & Lapresle, Immunology Letters 3, 365-370, 1981). Both monoclonal antibodies have been shown to react with the same site, which includes the following components: the last small loop of HSA (558-567) the disulfide bridge 514-559 and the residue 570. This site is as available on HSA and F1, but partially masked on the 'Inhibitor' fragment from which F1 derives. Polyclonal anti-F1 antibodies, purified from rabbit sera or mouse ascites by affinity chromatography, react with the same site as HA1 and HA2. However, polyclonal antibodies are heterogenous, most probably because they consist of anti-F1 specific antibodies and of antibodies specific against other parts of the albumin molecule which cross-react with F1. In addition, monoclonal antibodies can recognize the mutation of a single amino acid residue in the albumin molecule.