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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to abnormal glucose tolerance, which is a common complication that occurs in some women for the first time during the gestation period. However, the relationship between onset of GDM and factors including advanced age and a family history of diabetes remains to be determined. The study aimed to examine the clinical significance of the detection of glycated albumin (GA) in pregnant women with GDM. A total of 893 cases of pregnant women with GDM were included, with 661 healthy pregnant women serving as the normal controls. A conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the univariate and multivariate data to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). As the gestational weeks increased, the fasting blood glucose (FGP) concentration and GA-L value of the pregnant women in the normal control group gradually decreased whereas those of pregnant women with GDM greatly increased. The univariate analysis revealed that the impact factors on the occurrence of early-onset neonatal sepsis included, mother's age >35 years, complication of pregnancy hypertension, family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes, cesarean delivery, height, BMI, GA-L, and FGP. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the complication of pregnancy hypertension (OR=3.302; 95% CI, 1.705-6.394), family history of hypertension (OR=2.970; 95% CI, 1.520-5.801), GA-L (OR=1.556; 95% CI, 0.940-2.012) and FGP (OR=5.431; 95% CI, 4.097-7.198) were the main factors for pregnant women with GDM. In conclusion, pregnant women with GDM may be affected by various factors. Additionally, GA may be applied to reflect the recent blood glucose control on pregnant women with GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]