57 results on '"Joris C. Verster"'
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2. Absenteeism, Presenteeism, and the Economic Costs of Alcohol Hangover in The Netherlands
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Noortje R. Severeijns, Annabel S. M. Sips, Agnese Merlo, Gillian Bruce, and Joris C. Verster
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alcohol ,hangover ,absenteeism ,presenteeism ,work performance ,economic costs ,Medicine - Abstract
The alcohol hangover is defined as the combination of negative mental and physical symptoms that can be experienced after a single episode of alcohol consumption, starting when the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) approaches zero. Alcohol hangover symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, and headache can negatively affect daily activities, including work performance. The alcohol hangover can therefore be a cause of both absenteeism (not going to work) and presenteeism (going to work while hungover). An online survey among a convenience sample of n = 347 Dutch adults examined the number of days of absenteeism and presenteeism associated with having a hangover as well as the loss of productivity when going to work when hungover during the year 2019. In the Dutch sample, 8.1% of employees reported one or more days of absenteeism due to hangover in 2019, and 33.4% reported one or more days of presenteeism. The analyses revealed that alcohol hangover was associated with 0.2 days of absenteeism and 8.3 days of presenteeism and a productivity loss of 24.9% on days worked with a hangover. The estimated associated costs for the Dutch economy in 2019 of absenteeism (EUR 234,538,460) and presenteeism (EUR 2,423,603,184) total EUR 2,658,141,644. In conclusion, the alcohol hangover is associated with absenteeism, presenteeism, and reduced performance at work while hungover. As such, the annual costs of the alcohol hangover have a significant impact on the Dutch economy. However, these first findings on the economic costs of the alcohol hangover should be considered a rough estimate. They should be verified in a longitudinal study to minimize recall bias, including a nationally representative sample of sufficient sample size.
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- 2024
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3. Predictors of Hangover Frequency and Severity: The Impact of Alcohol Consumption, Mental Resilience, Personality, Lifestyle, Coping and Mood
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Joris C. Verster, Julie A. Donders, Anne S. Boogaard, and Gillian Bruce
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mental resilience ,personality ,lifestyle ,coping ,alcohol ,hangover ,Medicine - Abstract
Mental resilience is the ability to bounce back from daily life stressors such as divorce or losing a job. Extensive research has demonstrated a negative relationship between mental resilience and alcohol consumption. That is, both the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption are greater in individuals with lower levels of mental resilience. There has, however, been little scientific attention paid to the relationship between mental resilience and alcohol hangover severity. The objective of this study was to evaluate psychological factors that may impact the frequency and severity of alcohol hangovers, including alcohol intake itself, mental resilience, personality, baseline mood, lifestyle, and coping mechanisms. An online survey was conducted among Dutch adults (N = 153) who had a hangover after their heaviest drinking occasion in the period before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (15 January to 14 March 2020). Questions were asked about their alcohol consumption and hangover severity on their heaviest drinking occasion. Mental resilience was assessed with the Brief Mental Resilience scale, personality with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised Short Scale (EPQ-RSS), mood via single item assessments, and lifestyle and coping with the modified Fantastic Lifestyle Checklist. The partial correlation, corrected for estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC), between mental resilience and hangover severity was not significant (r = 0.010, p = 0.848). Furthermore, no significant correlations were found between hangover severity or frequency and personality and baseline mood. For lifestyle and coping factors, a negative correlation was found between the use of tobacco and toxins (i.e., drugs, medicines, caffeine) and the frequency of experiencing hangovers. Regression analysis revealed that hangover severity after the heaviest drinking occasion (31.2%) was the best predictor of hangover frequency, and that subjective intoxication on the heaviest drinking occasion (38.4%) was the best predictor of next-day hangover severity. Mood, mental resilience, and personality were not relevant predictors of hangover frequency and severity. In conclusion, mental resilience, personality, and baseline mood do not predict hangover frequency and severity.
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- 2023
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4. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Hangover-Sensitive and Hangover-Resistant Drinkers
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Andy J. Kim, Agnese Merlo, Marlou Mackus, Gillian Bruce, Sean J. Johnson, Chris Alford, Simon B. Sherry, Sherry H. Stewart, and Joris C. Verster
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alcohol ,hangover ,resistance ,anxiety ,stress ,depression ,Medicine - Abstract
This study investigated potential differences in baseline (i.e., non-hangover-related) levels of depression, anxiety, and stress between individuals who are sensitive to and those resistant to hangovers after consuming alcohol. Participants included 5111 university students from the Netherlands and the U.K., including 3205 hangover-sensitive and 1906 hangover-resistant drinkers. All participants completed surveys on their demographics, alcohol consumption, and hangover susceptibility (whether they experienced a hangover in the past 12 months), as well as their baseline levels of depression, anxiety, and stress on the DASS-21 scale. The results showed that hangover-sensitive drinkers had significantly higher levels of anxiety and stress, but not depression, compared to hangover-resistant drinkers. However, the observed differences between the two groups were small, with a magnitude of less than 1 out of 42 points on the DASS-21 anxiety and stress subscales, and are thus unlikely to be clinically meaningful.
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- 2023
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5. Differences in Next-Day Adverse Effects and Impact on Mood of an Evening of Heavy Alcohol Consumption between Hangover-Sensitive Drinkers and Hangover-Resistant Drinkers
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Marlou Mackus, Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo, Renier H. P. van Neer, Sterre A. Vermeulen, Chantal Terpstra, Karel A. Brookhuis, Johan Garssen, Andrew Scholey, and Joris C. Verster
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alcohol ,hangover ,adverse effects ,mood ,sleepiness ,symptoms ,Medicine - Abstract
The combination of negative mental and physical symptoms which can be experienced after a single episode of alcohol consumption, starting when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) approaches zero, are collectively referred to as the alcohol hangover. Previous research revealed that 10 to 20% of drinkers claim not to experience next-day hangovers. Past studies were usually limited to single timepoint assessments. The aim of the current semi-naturalistic study was to compare the next-day effects of an evening of alcohol consumption of self-reported hangover-resistant drinkers (n = 14) with those of a group of self-reported hangover-sensitive drinkers (n = 15) at hourly timepoint throughout the day (09:30 until 15:30). Assessments of 23 hangover symptoms, mood (Profiles of Mood States-Short Form), and daytime sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) were made hourly after both an alcohol day and an alcohol-free control day. Additional morning assessments were made for mood (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y, Beck’s Depression Inventory-II), risk-taking behavior (RT-18), past night sleep (Groningen Sleep Quality Scale), alcohol consumption, and activities during the test days. No significant differences were found regarding the amount of alcohol consumed and the total sleep time of the two groups. The hangover-sensitive group reported having a hangover as well as the presence of a variety of hangover-related symptoms, which were most severe in the morning and then gradually decreased during the day. The most frequently reported and most severe symptoms were sleepiness and fatigue, concentration problems, and headache. In contrast, the hangover-resistant group reported the absence of a hangover and the presence and severity of next-day symptoms did not significantly differ from the control day, except for increased fatigue and reduced vigor. The next-day effects on sleepiness-related complaints and vigor were significantly more pronounced among hangover-sensitive drinkers compared to hangover-resistant drinkers. In conclusion, contrary to hangover-resistant drinkers, hangover-sensitive drinkers report a variety of hangover symptoms that gradually ease during the day, but are still present in the afternoon.
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- 2023
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6. Alcohol Consumption, Hangovers, and Smoking among Buenos Aires University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Analia Karadayian, Agnese Merlo, Analia Czerniczyniec, Silvia Lores-Arnaiz, Pauline A. Hendriksen, Pantea Kiani, Gillian Bruce, and Joris C. Verster
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alcohol ,hangover ,subjective intoxication ,COVID-19 ,smoking ,social interactions ,Medicine - Abstract
In Argentina, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to serious changes to social interaction, health, economy, and education. Argentina experienced two extensive lockdown periods. University education remained virtual for almost two academic years. The purpose of the present work was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 lockdowns in Argentina on alcohol consumption, hangover severity and smoking among university students in Buenos Aires. A retrospective online survey was conducted in 2021 among students of the University of Buenos Aires. Participants aged 18–35 years old were asked about the average number of alcoholic drinks and number of drinking days per week, binge drinking occasions, drunkenness, next day hangover severity, number of hangovers per month, and smoking behavior. The results showed that the first and second COVID-19 lockdowns were associated with significant reductions in both weekly alcohol consumption, and hangover severity and subjective intoxication on their heaviest drinking occasions. Males consumed significantly more alcohol than females, and older students (25–35 years old) consumed more alcohol than younger students (18–24 years old). In addition, younger students reduced the number of cigarettes smoked per day during the two lockdown periods while older students exhibited significantly more smoking days per week. In conclusion, the present work in Argentinian students revealed a significant reduction in weekly alcohol consumption, and subjective intoxication and hangover severity on their heaviest drinking occasions during the pandemic lockdown periods.
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- 2023
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7. Proceedings of the First Irish Alcohol Hangover Research Seminar
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Lydia E. Devenney, Ann-Kathrin Stock, Agnese Merlo, Pauline A. Hendriksen, Craig A. Gunn, Antje Opitz, Gillian Bruce, and Joris C. Verster
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alcohol ,intoxication ,hangover ,COVID-19 ,cognitive effects ,attention ,General Works - Abstract
On 19 November 2021, the first Irish Alcohol Hangover Research Seminar was held at the Atlantic Technological University, Donegal. In these proceedings, the presentations of the seminar are summarized. Topics discussed included the pathology and treatment of the alcohol hangover, cognitive and functional consequences, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns on alcohol consumption and experiencing hangovers.
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- 2022
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8. The impact of expectancy on cognitive performance during alcohol hangover
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Lydia E. Devenney, Kieran B. Coyle, and Joris C. Verster
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Alcohol ,Hangover ,Expectancy ,Blinding ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Abstract Objective Knowing the purpose of a clinical study may provoke expectancies among subjects that may influence the study outcome. For example, expectancies about a drug effect may cause subjects to put in more effort to counteract these effects on performance tasks, or cause stress or other mood alterations in anticipation of expected adverse effects. The objective of this study was to investigate to what extent expectancy effects will influence the magnitude of cognitive performance decrement in the alcohol hangover state. Results Forty subjects with a mean (SD) age of 24.0 (7.4) years old participated in a naturalistic study to examine the alcohol hangover effects on cognitive performance. Subjects in the expectancy group were informed of the purpose of the study. In the control group subjects were told that the purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of time of day on cognitive performance. Subjects consumed a mean (SD) of 12.9 (10.0) alcoholic drinks the night before testing. Cognitive tests included the Stroop test, Eriksen’s flanker test, a divided attention test, intra-extra dimensional set shifting test, spatial working memory test, and free word recall test. Expectancy effects did not differentially affect cognitive performance in the alcohol hangover state.
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- 2018
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9. Impact of mental resilience and perceived immune functioning on the severity of alcohol hangover
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Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo, Marith van Schrojenstein Lantman, Marlou Mackus, Andrew Scholey, and Joris C. Verster
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Alcohol ,Hangover ,Severity ,Mental resilience ,Perceived immune functioning ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Abstract Objective Recent research comparing hangover sensitive drinkers with hangover resistant drinkers has revealed that experiencing alcohol hangovers is associated with significantly poorer self-reported immune functioning (p
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- 2018
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10. Transition to Online Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact of Changes in Alcohol Consumption and Experiencing Hangovers on Academic Functioning
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Agnese Merlo, Pauline A. Hendriksen, Johan Garssen, Elisabeth Y. Bijlsma, Ferdi Engels, Gillian Bruce, and Joris C. Verster
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alcohol ,hangover ,COVID-19 ,academic performance ,social interactions ,students ,Medicine - Abstract
In the Netherlands, the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on daily life, with two extensive lockdowns enforced to combat the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These measures included the closure of bars and restaurants, and the transition from face-to-face to online education. A survey was conducted among Dutch pharmacy students and PhD-candidates to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on alcohol consumption, hangovers, and academic functioning. The analysis revealed a significant reduction in both quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 lockdown periods. This was accompanied with a significant reduction in hangover frequency and lower hangover severity during COVID-19 lockdown periods. The distribution of scores on academic performance showed great variability between respondents: while some participants reported impairment, others reported improved performance during the COVID-19 pandemic, or no change. Women reported that significantly more time investment was associated with maintaining these performance levels. Consistent among participants was the notion of reduced interactions with teachers and other students. Participants who reported more hangovers and most severe hangovers before COVID-19 benefited from the lockdown periods in terms of improved academic performance. Positive correlations were found between study grades/output and both the frequency and severity of hangovers experienced before COVID-19, suggesting that heavier drinkers, in particular, improved academic performance during the lockdown periods. In conclusion, COVID-19 lockdowns were associated with a significant reduction in both alcohol consumption and experiencing hangovers, which was, among heavier drinkers particularly, associated with significantly improved academic functioning.
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- 2021
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11. Alcohol Consumption Patterns during COVID-19 Lockdown and Their Relationship with Perceived Immune Fitness and Reported COVID-19 Symptoms
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Agnese Merlo, Pauline A. Hendriksen, Noortje R. Severeijns, Johan Garssen, Gillian Bruce, and Joris C. Verster
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alcohol ,mood ,stress ,perceived immune fitness ,COVID-19 ,Medicine - Abstract
Since the outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, lockdown periods have been installed to counteract the spread of the virus. These lockdowns, characterized by social isolation, have been associated with mood changes and increased stress. Individuals have used various strategies to cope with the negative effects of being in lockdown, including increasing the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate mood before and during lockdown of individuals who reported consuming more, less, or the same amount of alcohol during lockdown, and examine how this impacts and perceived immune fitness and the presence and severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Analysis included a sub-sample from the ‘Corona Lockdown: how fit are you?’ (CLOFIT) study, comprising N = 761 participants who reported consuming alcohol in 2020. The results of the online survey showed that half of the participants did not alter their weekly alcohol consumption during lockdown (50.4%), whereas 25.9% of drinkers reported a reduction and 23.8% reported an increase in weekly alcohol consumption. Compared to individuals that did not alter their drinking behaviour, both increased and reduced alcohol consumption during lockdown was associated with poorer mood and higher stress levels. Increased alcohol consumption was associated with significantly reduced perceived immune fitness and a high presence and severity of COVID-19 symptoms. This effect was not significant among individuals with reduced or unaltered alcohol consumption.
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- 2021
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12. Hangover resistance in a Canadian University student population
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L. Darren Kruisselbrink, Adriana C. Bervoets, Suzanne de Klerk, Aurora J.A.E. van de Loo, and Joris C. Verster
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Hangover ,Alcohol ,Prevalence ,Hangover resistance ,BAC ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ,HV1-9960 - Abstract
Background: Resistance to alcohol hangover may be a risk factor for alcohol use disorder. Previous research to establish the prevalence of hangover resistance in a drinking population has either not used comparable intoxication levels or has considered hangover resistance over a limited time frame. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of lifetime hangover negative (LHN) drinkers across comparable eBAC values ranging from 0 to 500 mg/dl. Methods: Students at an eastern Canadian university were surveyed about their heaviest drinking episode in the past month and indicated whether they had ever experienced a hangover in their lifetime (LHN) and, if they had, the hangover severity they experienced the next day. eBACs were calculated and the percentage of LHN drinkers was computed at each 10 mg/dl eBAC increment from 0 to 500 mg/dl. Results: Most LHN drinkers (58% female, 71% male) had an eBAC on their heaviest drinking occasion below 80 mg/dl. Above eBACs of 80 mg/dl, 5.8% of female and 5.1% of male drinkers were lifetime hangover negative. Conclusions: The results suggest that only a small percentage of heavy drinkers lay claim to being lifetime hangover negative.
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- 2017
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13. The Effects of Alcohol Hangover on Response Inhibition and Attentional Bias towards Alcohol-Related Stimuli
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Craig Gunn, Graeme Fairchild, Joris C. Verster, and Sally Adams
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alcohol ,hangover ,cognition ,attentional bias ,mood ,response inhibition ,Medicine - Abstract
Alcohol hangover is associated with the development of alcohol use disorders, yet few studies have examined the influence of hangover on cognitive processes that may contribute towards future alcohol consumption such as response inhibition and attentional bias towards alcohol-related stimuli. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the effects of hangover on these processes. In total, 37 adult drinkers who reported regularly engaging in heavy episodic drinking and experiencing a hangover at least once in the previous month took part in this within-subjects, “naturalistic” crossover study. Participants completed Go/No-Go (assessing response inhibition) and Visual Dot Probe (attentional bias) tasks in a hangover condition (morning following alcohol consumption) and a no-hangover condition (no alcohol consumption for at least 24 h). Participants also completed measures of hangover severity, mood, and perceived mental effort. Results indicated impaired response inhibition during hangover compared to the no-hangover condition (p < 0.001, d = 0.89), but no difference in attentional bias scores between conditions. Participants reported expending greater mental effort to complete tasks (p < 0.001, d = 1.65), decreased alertness (p < 0.001, d = 3.19), and reduced feelings of tranquillity (p < 0.001, d = 1.49) in the hangover versus no-hangover condition. Together, these findings suggest that alcohol hangover is associated with impaired response inhibition and lower mood. However, problems with recording eye-tracking data on the Visual Dot Probe task used in the present study may limit the reliability of our attentional bias findings.
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- 2021
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14. The Role of Alcohol Metabolism in the Pathology of Alcohol Hangover
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Marlou Mackus, Aurora JAE van de Loo, Johan Garssen, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Andrew Scholey, and Joris C. Verster
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alcohol ,hangover ,ethanol ,acetaldehyde ,acetate ,oxidative stress ,Medicine - Abstract
The limited number of available studies that examined the pathology of alcohol hangover focused on biomarkers of alcohol metabolism, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response to alcohol as potentially important determinants of hangover severity. The available literature on alcohol metabolism and oxidative stress is reviewed in this article. The current body of evidence suggests a direct relationship between blood ethanol concentration and hangover severity, whereas this association is not significant for acetaldehyde. The rate of alcohol metabolism seems to be an important determinant of hangover severity. That is, fast elimination of ethanol is associated with experiencing less severe hangovers. An explanation for this observation may be the fact that ethanol—in contrast to acetaldehyde—is capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier. With slower ethanol metabolism, more ethanol is able to reach the brain and elicit hangover symptoms. Hangover severity was also significantly associated with biomarkers of oxidative stress. More oxidative stress in the first hours after alcohol consumption was associated with less severe next-day hangovers (i.e., a significant negative correlation was found between hangover severity and malondialdehyde). On the contrary, more oxidative stress at a later stage after alcohol consumption was associated with having more severe next-day hangovers (i.e., a significant positive correlation was found between hangover severity and 8-isoprostane). In conclusion, assessment of biomarkers of alcohol metabolism suggests that fast elimination of ethanol is associated with experiencing less severe hangovers. More research is needed to further examine the complex interrelationship between alcohol metabolism, the role of acetaldehyde and oxidative stress and antioxidants, and the pathology of the alcohol hangover.
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- 2020
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15. The Impact of Mood and Subjective Intoxication on Hangover Severity
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Joris C. Verster, Lizanne Arnoldy, Aurora J.A.E. van de Loo, Sarah Benson, Andrew Scholey, and Ann-Kathrin Stock
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alcohol ,hangover ,mood ,subjective intoxication ,stress ,neuroticism ,Medicine - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether baseline mood and/or mood while drinking have an impact on alcohol hangover severity. A survey was held among N = 331 young adults (mean age = 23.6 years, range = 18–35 years). Demographics, alcohol consumption, subjective intoxication, and hangover severity were assessed for the past three days. In addition, mood (baseline, while drinking, and during hangover) was also assessed. N = 143 participants reported to be hungover on the day of assessment, N = 122 participants reported to have been hungover the previous day (‘yesterday’), and N = 87 participants reported to have been hungover two days before the assessment (‘2 days ago’). The analyses revealed that baseline mood and mood while drinking had no relevant effect on the amount of consumed alcohol and did not significantly contribute to hangover severity. However, hangover severity was associated with significantly increased negative affect, particularly with higher levels of subjective stress on the day of the hangover.
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- 2020
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16. Prevalence of Hangover Resistance According to Two Methods for Calculating Estimated Blood Alcohol Concentration (eBAC)
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Chantal Terpstra, Andrew Scholey, Joris C. Verster, and Sarah Benson
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hangover ,alcohol ,BAC ,hangover resistance ,Medicine - Abstract
Hangover resistance may be linked to an increased risk of continuing harmful drinking behaviours as well as involvement in potentially dangerous daily activities such as driving while hungover, mainly due to the absence of negative consequences (i.e., hangover symptoms) the day after alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of claimed alcohol hangover resistance relative to estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC). A total of 1198 participants completed an online survey by answering questions regarding their demographics, alcohol consumption and occurrence of hangover. Two methods were used to calculate eBAC, one based on the modified Widmark Equation (N = 955) and the other from an equation averaging the total body water (TBW) estimates of Forrest, Watson, Seidl, Widmark and Ulrich (males only) (N = 942). The percentage of participants who claimed to be hangover resistant decreased rapidly with increasing eBAC and only a small number of hangover resistant drinkers remained at higher eBACs. Comparisons of the eBACs calculated by the two methods revealed significantly higher BACs when using the modified Widmark equation. These findings suggest that additional research for eBAC calculations is needed to improve accuracy and comprehensiveness of these equations for future alcohol hangover research.
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- 2020
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17. The Inflammatory Response to Alcohol Consumption and Its Role in the Pathology of Alcohol Hangover
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Aurora J.A.E. van de Loo, Marlou Mackus, Oran Kwon, Illathu Madhavamenon Krishnakumar, Johan Garssen, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Andrew Scholey, and Joris C. Verster
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alcohol ,hangover ,ethanol ,acetaldehyde ,acetate ,oxidative stress ,Medicine - Abstract
An increasing number of studies are focusing on the inflammatory response to alcohol as a potentially important determinant of hangover severity. In this article, data from two studies were re-evaluated to investigate the relationship between hangover severity and relevant biomarkers of alcohol metabolism, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response to alcohol. Hangover severity was significantly and positively correlated with blood concentrations of biomarkers of the inflammatory response to alcohol, in particular, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP). At 4 h after alcohol consumption, blood ethanol concentration (but not acetaldehyde) was significantly and positively associated with elevated levels of IL-6, suggesting a direct inflammatory effect of ethanol. In addition, biomarkers of oxidative stress, i.e., malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostrane, were significantly correlated with hangover severity, suggesting that oxidative stress also contributes to the inflammatory response. The timing of the assessments suggests initial slow elimination of ethanol in the first hours after alcohol consumption. As a consequence, more ethanol is present in the second half of the night and the next morning, which will elicit more oxidative stress and a more profound inflammatory response. Together, these processes result in more severe hangovers.
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- 2020
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18. The Impact of Alcohol Hangover on Simulated Driving Performance during a ‘Commute to Work’—Zero and Residual Alcohol Effects Compared
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Chris Alford, Callum Broom, Harriet Carver, Sean J. Johnson, Sam Lands, Rebecca Reece, and Joris C. Verster
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alcohol ,awareness of impairment ,hangover ,driving ,residual alcohol ,Medicine - Abstract
Driving is increasing across the world and road traffic accidents are a major cause of serious injuries and fatalities. The link between alcohol consumption and impaired driving has long been established and has led to legislation in many countries, with enforcement of legal limits based on blood alcohol concentration levels. Alcohol hangover research is an emerging field with a range of laboratory and naturalistic studies now clearly demonstrating the significant impairments that can result from hangover, even when alcohol levels are measured at or close to zero the day following a social drinking occasion. Driving is a commonplace activity but requires competency with a range of complex and potentially demanding tasks. Driving impaired can have serious consequences, including death and serious injury. There have been only limited alcohol hangover driving studies. The studies presented examined the consequences of alcohol hangover with a driving simulator contrasting a group with zero residual alcohol (N = 26) next day and another with residual alcohol (N = 26) assessed with breathalyzer in the morning before undertaking a 20 min commute to work. All participants completed a morning drive after a night without alcohol consumption and another after a night of social drinking. The driving scenarios were relatively demanding including traffic and pedestrians, traffic lights and other potential hazards in a mixed rural and urban journey. Subjective hangover and workload were assessed in addition to a range of driving performance variables, including divided attention, steering control and driving violations. Analyses contrasted driving in the no alcohol condition with the residual alcohol condition. The combined groups data (N = 52) was contrasted with the zero and residual alcohol groups. Significant contrasts were found for a range of driving measures, including divided attention, vehicle control, and driving violations as well as perceived workload. The pattern of impairment was broadly similar across both groups, indicating that whether or not residual alcohol was present, consistent driving impairment was seen. The relatively high number of significant variables may reflect the increased cognitive demand of the 20 min commute drive including busy and complex urban environments. This was also reflected in the significant increase in perceived workload recorded across the 6 dimensions of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Associations between subjective measures and driving performance with hangover suggested a potential lack of awareness of impairment, though were limited in number. The overall findings indicate that the levels of impairment seen reflect those seen with alcohol impaired driving, even when breath alcohol is zero.
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- 2020
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19. The Effects of Alcohol Hangover on Mood and Performance Assessed at Home
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Chris Alford, Zuzana Martinkova, Brian Tiplady, Rebecca Reece, and Joris C. Verster
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alcohol ,hangover ,mood ,performance ,assessment at home ,mobile testing ,Medicine - Abstract
The current study evaluated the next day consequences of a social night of drinking compared to a no alcohol night, with standardised mood and portable screen-based performance measures assessed in the morning at participants’ homes, and a breathalyser screen for zero alcohol. A mixed sex group (n = 20) took part in the study. Participants reported consuming on average 16.9 units (135 g) alcohol, resulting in a hangover rating of 60 (out of 100) compared to 0.3 following the no alcohol night. Statistical significance comparisons contrasting the hangover with the no alcohol condition revealed an increase in negative mood and irritability during hangover and an (unexpected) increase in risk and thrill seeking. Performance scores showed an overall slowing of responses across measures, but with less impact on errors. The results support the description of hangover as a general state of cognitive impairment, reflected in slower responses and reduced accuracy across a variety of measures of cognitive function. This suggests a general level of impairment due to hangover, as well as increased negative mood. The use of a naturalistic design enabled the impact of more typical levels of alcohol associated with real life social consumption to be assessed, revealing wide ranging neurocognitive impairment with these higher doses. This study has successfully demonstrated the sensitivity of home-based assessment of the impact of alcohol hangover on a range of subjective and objective measures. The observed impairments, which may significantly impair daily activities such as driving a car or job performance, should be further investigated and taken into account by policy makers.
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- 2020
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20. The Effects of Alcohol Hangover on Executive Functions
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Craig Gunn, Graeme Fairchild, Joris C. Verster, and Sally Adams
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alcohol ,hangover ,executive functions ,working memory ,cognition ,Medicine - Abstract
Recent research has suggested that processes reliant on executive functions are impaired by an alcohol hangover, yet few studies have investigated the effect of hangovers on core executive function processes. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of hangovers on the three core components of the unity/diversity model of executive functions: the ability to switch attention, update information in working memory, and maintain goals. Thirty-five 18-to-30-year-old non-smoking individuals who reported experiencing a hangover at least once in the previous month participated in this study. They completed tasks measuring switching (number-switching task), updating (n-back task), and goal maintenance (AX Continuous Performance Test, AX-CPT) whilst experiencing a hangover and without a hangover in a ‘naturalistic’ within-subjects crossover design. Participants made more errors in the switching task (p = 0.019), more errors in both the 1- (p < 0.001) and 2-back (p < 0.001) versions of the n-back, and more errors in the AX-CPT (p = 0.007) tasks when experiencing a hangover, compared to the no-hangover condition. These results suggest that an alcohol hangover impairs core executive function processes that are important for everyday behaviours, such as decision-making, planning, and mental flexibility.
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- 2020
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21. Updating the Definition of the Alcohol Hangover
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Joris C. Verster, Andrew Scholey, Aurora J.A.E. van de Loo, Sarah Benson, and Ann-Kathrin Stock
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alcohol ,hangover ,definition ,Medicine - Abstract
In 2016, the Alcohol Hangover Research Group defined the alcohol hangover as “the combination of mental and physical symptoms experienced the day after a single episode of heavy drinking, starting when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) approaches zero”. In the light of new findings and evidence, we carefully reviewed the different components of that definition. Several studies demonstrated that alcohol hangovers are not limited to heavy drinking occasions. Instead, data from both student and non-student samples revealed that at a group level, alcohol hangover may occur at much lower BAC levels than previously thought. Regression analysis further revealed that for individual drinkers, the occurrence of hangovers is more likely when subjects consume more alcohol than they usually do. However, hangovers may also occur at a drinker’s usual BAC, and in some cases even at lower BAC (e.g. in case of illness). We also carefully reviewed and modified other parts of the definition. Finally, hangovers are not necessarily limited to the ‘next day’. They can start at any time of day or night, whenever BAC approaches zero after a single dinking occasion. This may also be on the same day as the drinking occasion (e.g. when drinking in, or until the morning and subsequently having a hangover in the afternoon or evening). To better reflect the new insights and sharpen the description of the concept, we hereby propose to update the definition of the alcohol hangover as follows: “The alcohol hangover refers to the combination of negative mental and physical symptoms which can be experienced after a single episode of alcohol consumption, starting when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) approaches zero”, and recommend to use this new definition in future hangover research.
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- 2020
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22. Proceedings of the 10th Alcohol Hangover Research Group Meeting in Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Agnese Merlo, Zack Abbott, Chris Alford, Stephanie Balikji, Gillian Bruce, Craig Gunn, Jacqueline Iversen, Jim Iversen, Sean J. Johnson, L. Darren Kruisselbrink, Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo, Marlou Mackus, Chantal Terpstra, Ann-Kathrin Stock, and Joris C. Verster
- Subjects
alcohol ,hangover ,causes ,consequences ,treatment ,General Works - Abstract
The hangover is the most commonly reported negative consequence of alcohol use with several studies reporting the detrimental consequences of hangover on health, economy, and society. Research has emphasized the socioeconomic consequences of experiencing these physical and psychological symptoms in relation to absenteeism, increased risk of having accidents and injuries, and impairment of daily activities, such as job performance and driving a car. During the 10th Alcohol Hangover Research Group meeting, held on 29 April 2018, in Utrecht, The Netherlands, aspects of alcohol hangover were presented with regards to determinants, biological and cognitive consequences and potential treatments. Precursory and posterior factors influencing alcohol hangover, including biological, psychological, behavioral, metabolic aspects, cognitive functioning, and the role of the immune system in the development of alcohol hangover, were presented. In addition, potential preventive measures and treatments of alcohol hangover to reduce the adverse consequences of alcohol consumption and hangover symptoms were discussed. One study revealed that an average of 24% of social and heavy drinkers claimed not to experience hangover symptoms across time. Another study showed that food intake (either healthy or junk food) had no significant impact on next-day hangover severity. Research examining cognitive and psychomotor functioning during hangover revealed impairments in collective problem solving and response inhibition, but not attentional bias towards alcohol-related cues. The alcohol hangover state further significantly impaired driving performance, even for a short commute to work. With regard to the pathology of the alcohol hangover, research was presented that demonstrated increases in saliva cytokine concentrations confirming drinking alcohol and the hangover phase are both associated with an immune response. Other presentations discussed that scientific literature shows that there are no effective hangover treatments available yet. However, although promising, new hangover treatments are currently in development. Taken together, at the 10th Alcohol Hangover Research Group meeting, a comprehensive overview of the causes, consequences, and potential treatments of the alcohol hangover was presented.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Proceedings of the 11th Alcohol Hangover Research Group Meeting, in Nadi, Fiji
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Emily O. C. Palmer, Lizanne Arnoldy, Elizabeth Ayre, Sarah Benson, Stephanie Balikji, Gillian Bruce, Fu Chen, Albertine E. van Lawick van Pabst, Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo, Charmaine J. I. van Rossum, Sean O’Neill, Andrew Scholey, Chantal Terpstra, Michelle van Wijk, and Joris C. Verster
- Subjects
hangover ,alcohol ,cognitive performance ,hangover treatments ,General Works - Abstract
The present proceedings offer a summary of the 11th meeting of the Alcohol Hangover Research Group held in April 2019 in Nadi, Fiji. The aim of the meeting was to gather the world’s leading experts in the field of alcohol hangover and share advances and ideas to help better understand the underlying pathology, consequences, and potential therapeutics. Several aspects of alcohol hangover research were discussed, including hangover-associated impairments of cognitive performance and health, novel and best research practice, the validation and use of wearable technology and online tools for off-site data collection, effects of hangover on physical strength performance, new evidence on sex differences in the occurrence and severity of alcohol hangover, and exciting future projects and directions.
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- 2020
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24. Consumption Patterns of Alcohol and Alcohol mixed with Energy Drinks in Australian Students and Non-Students
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Sarah Benson, Joris C. Verster, and Andrew Scholey
- Subjects
energy drink ,alcohol ,caffeine ,amed ,alcohol consumption ,consequences ,student drinking ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Studies assessing alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) use and drinking behaviors have been largely restricted to student-only cohorts. Thus, it is not known whether evidence from these studies is applicable to non-student populations. This study examined alcohol consumption and involvement in negative alcohol-related consequences among AMED and alcohol-only (AO) users, with the aim of determining whether drinking behaviors differ according to student status. An online survey was conducted in Australia to assess alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences following AMED and AO consumption, according to student status. The final sample consisted of 1369 participants. Between-subjects analyses comparing AMED and AO users, confirmed previous findings in that, compared with AO users, AMED users consumed significantly more alcohol, consumed alcohol more frequently and were involved in a greater number of alcohol-related consequences. Within-subjects analyses of AMED users comparing AMED and AO drinking occasions revealed that significantly less alcohol was consumed and involvement in negative alcohol-related consequences was lower during AMED compared with AO drinking occasions. Regardless of drink type, compared with students, non-students consumed more alcohol, consumed alcohol more frequently and were involved in a greater number of negative alcohol-related consequences. These findings provide further evidence that AMED use is one manifestation of a risk-taking personality and suggest that non-students drink more alcohol, drink more frequently and are involved in a greater number of negative alcohol-related consequences than students.
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- 2020
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25. Sensitivity to Experiencing Alcohol Hangovers: Reconsideration of the 0.11% Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Threshold for Having a Hangover
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Joris C. Verster, L. Darren Kruisselbrink, Karin A. Slot, Aikaterini Anogeianaki, Sally Adams, Chris Alford, Lizanne Arnoldy, Elisabeth Ayre, Stephanie Balikji, Sarah Benson, Gillian Bruce, Lydia E. Devenney, Michael R. Frone, Craig Gunn, Thomas Heffernan, Kai O. Hensel, Anna Hogewoning, Sean J. Johnson, Albertine E. van Lawick van Pabst, Aurora J.A.E. van de Loo, Marlou Mackus, Agnese Merlo, René J.L. Murphy, Lauren Owen, Emily O.C. Palmer, Charmaine J.I. van Rossum, Andrew Scholey, Chantal Terpstra, Vatsalya Vatsalya, Sterre A. Vermeulen, Michelle van Wijk, and Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Subjects
alcohol ,hangover ,sensitivity ,subjective intoxication ,blood alcohol concentration ,Medicine - Abstract
The 2010 Alcohol Hangover Research Group consensus paper defined a cutoff blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.11% as a toxicological threshold indicating that sufficient alcohol had been consumed to develop a hangover. The cutoff was based on previous research and applied mostly in studies comprising student samples. Previously, we showed that sensitivity to hangovers depends on (estimated) BAC during acute intoxication, with a greater percentage of drinkers reporting hangovers at higher BAC levels. However, a substantial number of participants also reported hangovers at comparatively lower BAC levels. This calls the suitability of the 0.11% threshold into question. Recent research has shown that subjective intoxication, i.e., the level of severity of reported drunkenness, and not BAC, is the most important determinant of hangover severity. Non-student samples often have a much lower alcohol intake compared to student samples, and overall BACs often remain below 0.11%. Despite these lower BACs, many non-student participants report having a hangover, especially when their subjective intoxication levels are high. This may be the case when alcohol consumption on the drinking occasion that results in a hangover significantly exceeds their “normal” drinking level, irrespective of whether they meet the 0.11% threshold in any of these conditions. Whereas consumers may have relative tolerance to the adverse effects at their “regular” drinking level, considerably higher alcohol intake—irrespective of the absolute amount—may consequentially result in a next-day hangover. Taken together, these findings suggest that the 0.11% threshold value as a criterion for having a hangover should be abandoned.
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- 2020
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26. The Association between Alcohol Hangover Frequency and Severity: Evidence for Reverse Tolerance?
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Joris C. Verster, Karin A. Slot, Lizanne Arnoldy, Albertine E. van Lawick van Pabst, Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo, Sarah Benson, and Andrew Scholey
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alcohol ,hangover ,frequency ,severity ,tolerance ,Medicine - Abstract
Although hangover is a common consequence of heavy alcohol consumption, the area is heavily under-researched. Hangover frequency is a potential predictor of future alcohol use disorder that may be affected by hangover severity, yet the relationship between hangover frequency and severity has not been investigated. Using different methodologies and assessment instruments, two surveys, and one naturalistic study collected data on hangover frequency, hangover severity, and alcohol consumption. The relationship between hangover frequency and severity was investigated via correlational analysis, considering potentially moderating variables including alcohol intake, estimated blood alcohol concentration, demographics, and personality characteristics. In all the three studies, a positive and significant association between hangover frequency and severity was found, which remained significant after correcting for alcohol intake and other moderating factors. These findings suggest that hangover severity increases when hangovers are experienced more frequently and may be driven by sensitization or reverse tolerance to this aspect of alcohol consumption. Future research should further investigate the relationship between hangover frequency and severity and alcohol use disorder and its implications for prevention.
- Published
- 2019
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27. Dietary Nutrient Intake, Alcohol Metabolism, and Hangover Severity
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Joris C. Verster, Sterre A. Vermeulen, Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo, Stephanie Balikji, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Johan Garssen, and Andrew Scholey
- Subjects
alcohol ,hangover ,nutrients ,zinc ,nicotinic acid ,bootstrapping ,Medicine - Abstract
Several dietary components have been shown to influence alcohol metabolism and thereby potentially affect the development of a hangover. From the literature, it is evident that dietary nicotinic acid and zinc play a pivotal role in the oxidation of ethanol into acetaldehyde. The aim of the current study was to associate dietary intake of nicotinic acid and zinc with hangover severity. To this end, data from n = 23 healthy social drinkers who participated in a naturalistic hangover study were analyzed. n = 10 of them reported to be hangover-resistant (the control group), whereas n = 13 reported to have regular hangovers (the hangover-sensitive group). Two 24 h dietary recall records were completed, one for the day of alcohol consumption and another one for an alcohol-free control day. Dietary nutrient intake was averaged and did not significantly differ between hangover-sensitive and hangover-resistant drinkers. For the hangover-sensitive drinkers, partial correlations with overall hangover severity were computed, controlling for estimated blood alcohol concentration. A bootstrapping technique was applied to account for the relatively small sample size. The results showed that dietary intake of nicotinic acid (rPB = −0.521) and zinc (rPB = −0.341) were significantly and negatively associated (p < 0.002) with overall hangover severity. Dietary zinc intake was also significantly and negatively associated with severity of vomiting (rPB = −0.577, p < 0.002). No significant associations with hangover severity were found for other nutrients, such as fat and fibers. In conclusion, this study suggests that social drinkers who have a higher dietary intake of nicotinic acid and zinc report significantly less severe hangovers. As hangover-resistant and hangover-sensitive drinkers had a similar dietary nutrient intake, the claim of being hangover-resistant must be based on other unknown biopsychosocial factors. These findings should be replicated in a larger sample and include more elaborate food frequency questionnaires or nutrient-specific dietary intake records for zinc and nicotinic acid, and preferably accompanied by nutrient assessments in urine and/or blood.
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- 2019
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28. Sex Differences in the Presence and Severity of Alcohol Hangover Symptoms
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Albertine E. van Lawick van Pabst, Lydia E. Devenney, and Joris C. Verster
- Subjects
alcohol ,hangover ,symptoms ,sex differences ,presence ,severity ,Medicine - Abstract
Studies have demonstrated significant sex differences in alcohol intoxication effects. In contrast, the majority of studies on the alcohol hangover phase did not investigate sex differences. Therefore, the current study examined possible sex differences in the presence and severity of alcohol hangover symptoms. Data from n = 2446 Dutch students (male = 50.7%, female = 49.3%) were analyzed. They reported the presence and severity of 22 hangover symptoms experienced after their past month heaviest drinking occasion. Subjects were categorized according to their estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) and presence and severity of the hangover symptoms were compared between men and women. In the lowest eBAC group (0% ≤ eBAC < 0.08%), no significant sex differences were found. In the subsequent eBAC group (0.08% ≤ eBAC < 0.11%), severity of nausea was significantly higher in women than in men. In the third eBAC group (0.11% ≤ eBAC < 0.2%), women reported higher severity scores on nausea, tiredness, weakness, and dizziness than men. Men reported the presence of confusion significantly more often than women, and women reported the presence of shivering significantly more often than men. In the fourth eBAC group (0.2% ≤ eBAC < 0.3%), women reported higher severity scores on nausea and tiredness than men. In the highest eBAC group (0.3% ≤ eBAC < 0.4%), no significant sex differences were found. In conclusion, across the eBAC groups, severity scores of nausea and tiredness were higher in women than in men. However, albeit statistically significant, the observed sex differences in presence and severity of hangover symptoms were of small magnitude, and therefore, have little clinical relevance.
- Published
- 2019
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29. Sleep after Heavy Alcohol Consumption and Physical Activity Levels during Alcohol Hangover
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Lydia E. Devenney, Kieran B. Coyle, Thomas Roth, and Joris C. Verster
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sleep ,daytime activity ,alcohol ,hangover ,Medicine - Abstract
Alcohol consumption can negatively affect sleep quality. The current study examined the impact of an evening of alcohol consumption on sleep, and next day activity levels and alcohol hangover. n = 25 healthy social drinkers participated in a naturalistic study, consisting of an alcohol and alcohol-free test day. On both days, a GENEactiv watch recorded sleep and wake, and corresponding activity levels. In addition, subjective assessments of sleep duration and quality were made, and hangover severity, and the amount of consumed alcoholic beverages were assessed. Alcohol consumption was also assessed in real-time during the drinking session, using smartphone technology. The results confirmed, by using both objective and subjective assessments, that consuming a large amount of alcohol has a negative impact on sleep, including a significant reduction in objective sleep efficiency and significantly lower self-reported sleep quality. Activity levels during the hangover day were significantly reduced compared to the alcohol-free control day. Of note, next-morning retrospective alcohol consumption assessments underestimated real-time beverage recordings. In conclusion, heavy alcohol consumption impairs sleep quality, which is associated with increased next day hangover severity and reduced activity levels. The outcome of this study underlines that, in addition to retrospectively reported data, real-time objective assessments are needed to fully understand the effects of heavy drinking.
- Published
- 2019
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30. Effects of Alcohol Hangover on Cognitive Performance: Findings from a Field/Internet Mixed Methodology Study
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Andrew Scholey, Sarah Benson, Jordy Kaufman, Chantal Terpstra, Elizabeth Ayre, Joris C. Verster, Cory Allen, and Grant J. Devilly
- Subjects
hangover ,alcohol ,internet ,attention ,executive function ,working memory ,Medicine - Abstract
Results from studies into the cognitive effects of alcohol hangover have been mixed. They also present methodological challenges, often relying on self-reports of alcohol consumption leading to hangover. The current study measured Breath Alcohol Concentration (BAC, which was obtained via breathalyzer) and self-reported drinking behavior during a night out. These were then related to hangover severity and cognitive function, measured over the internet in the same subjects, the following morning. Volunteers were breathalyzed and interviewed as they left the central entertainment district of an Australian state capital. They were provided with a unique identifier and, the following morning, logged on to a website. They completed a number of measures including an online version of the Alcohol Hangover Severity Scale (AHSS), questions regarding number and type of drinks consumed the previous night, and the eTMT-B-a validated, online analogue of the Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) of executive function and working memory. Hangover severity was significantly correlated with one measure only, namely the previous night’s Breath Alcohol Concentration (r = 0.228, p = 0.019). Completion time on the eTMT-B was significantly correlated with hangover severity (r = 0.245, p = 0.012), previous night’s BAC (r = 0.197, p = 0.041), and time spent dinking (r = 0.376, p < 0.001). These findings confirm that alcohol hangover negatively affects cognitive functioning and that poorer working memory and executive performance correlate with hangover severity. The results also support the utility and certain advantages of using online measures in hangover research.
- Published
- 2019
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31. Predictors of Hangover Frequency and Severity: The Impact of Alcohol Consumption, Mental Resilience, Personality, Lifestyle, Coping and Mood
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Bruce, Joris C. Verster, Julie A. Donders, Anne S. Boogaard, and Gillian
- Subjects
mental resilience ,personality ,lifestyle ,coping ,alcohol ,hangover ,severity ,frequency - Abstract
Mental resilience is the ability to bounce back from daily life stressors such as divorce or losing a job. Extensive research has demonstrated a negative relationship between mental resilience and alcohol consumption. That is, both the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption are greater in individuals with lower levels of mental resilience. There has, however, been little scientific attention paid to the relationship between mental resilience and alcohol hangover severity. The objective of this study was to evaluate psychological factors that may impact the frequency and severity of alcohol hangovers, including alcohol intake itself, mental resilience, personality, baseline mood, lifestyle, and coping mechanisms. An online survey was conducted among Dutch adults (N = 153) who had a hangover after their heaviest drinking occasion in the period before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (15 January to 14 March 2020). Questions were asked about their alcohol consumption and hangover severity on their heaviest drinking occasion. Mental resilience was assessed with the Brief Mental Resilience scale, personality with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised Short Scale (EPQ-RSS), mood via single item assessments, and lifestyle and coping with the modified Fantastic Lifestyle Checklist. The partial correlation, corrected for estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC), between mental resilience and hangover severity was not significant (r = 0.010, p = 0.848). Furthermore, no significant correlations were found between hangover severity or frequency and personality and baseline mood. For lifestyle and coping factors, a negative correlation was found between the use of tobacco and toxins (i.e., drugs, medicines, caffeine) and the frequency of experiencing hangovers. Regression analysis revealed that hangover severity after the heaviest drinking occasion (31.2%) was the best predictor of hangover frequency, and that subjective intoxication on the heaviest drinking occasion (38.4%) was the best predictor of next-day hangover severity. Mood, mental resilience, and personality were not relevant predictors of hangover frequency and severity. In conclusion, mental resilience, personality, and baseline mood do not predict hangover frequency and severity.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Prevalence of Hangover Resistance According to Two Methods for Calculating Estimated Blood Alcohol Concentration (eBAC)
- Author
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Sarah Benson, Chantal Terpstra, Joris C. Verster, Andrew Scholey, Afd Pharmacology, and Pharmacology
- Subjects
Demographics ,lcsh:Medicine ,Harmful drinking ,Alcohol ,Article ,hangover resistance ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alcohol hangover ,0502 economics and business ,Blood alcohol ,Medicine ,BAC ,business.industry ,alcohol ,lcsh:R ,05 social sciences ,General Medicine ,Additional research ,Increased risk ,chemistry ,hangover ,050211 marketing ,business ,Alcohol consumption ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
Hangover resistance may be linked to an increased risk of continuing harmful drinking behaviours as well as involvement in potentially dangerous daily activities such as driving while hungover, mainly due to the absence of negative consequences (i.e., hangover symptoms) the day after alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of claimed alcohol hangover resistance relative to estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC). A total of 1198 participants completed an online survey by answering questions regarding their demographics, alcohol consumption and occurrence of hangover. Two methods were used to calculate eBAC, one based on the modified Widmark Equation (N = 955) and the other from an equation averaging the total body water (TBW) estimates of Forrest, Watson, Seidl, Widmark and Ulrich (males only) (N = 942). The percentage of participants who claimed to be hangover resistant decreased rapidly with increasing eBAC and only a small number of hangover resistant drinkers remained at higher eBACs. Comparisons of the eBACs calculated by the two methods revealed significantly higher BACs when using the modified Widmark equation. These findings suggest that additional research for eBAC calculations is needed to improve accuracy and comprehensiveness of these equations for future alcohol hangover research.
- Published
- 2020
33. Proceedings of the 10th Alcohol Hangover Research Group Meeting in Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Author
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Ann-Kathrin Stock, Joris C. Verster, Chris Alford, Marlou Mackus, Stephanie Balikji, Craig Gunn, L. Darren Kruisselbrink, Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo, Jim Iversen, Sean J. Johnson, Chantal Terpstra, Agnese Merlo, Jacqueline M. Iversen, Zack Abbott, and Gillian Bruce
- Subjects
Psychomotor learning ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Activities of daily living ,treatment ,business.industry ,alcohol ,consequences ,causes ,Cognition ,lcsh:A ,Attentional bias ,hangover ,Alcohol hangover ,medicine ,Absenteeism ,Cognitive skill ,lcsh:General Works ,Psychiatry ,business ,Socioeconomic status - Abstract
The hangover is the most commonly reported negative consequence of alcohol use with several studies reporting the detrimental consequences of hangover on health, economy, and society. Research has emphasized the socioeconomic consequences of experiencing these physical and psychological symptoms in relation to absenteeism, increased risk of having accidents and injuries, and impairment of daily activities, such as job performance and driving a car. During the 10th Alcohol Hangover Research Group meeting, held on 29 April 2018, in Utrecht, The Netherlands, aspects of alcohol hangover were presented with regards to determinants, biological and cognitive consequences and potential treatments. Precursory and posterior factors influencing alcohol hangover, including biological, psychological, behavioral, metabolic aspects, cognitive functioning, and the role of the immune system in the development of alcohol hangover, were presented. In addition, potential preventive measures and treatments of alcohol hangover to reduce the adverse consequences of alcohol consumption and hangover symptoms were discussed. One study revealed that an average of 24% of social and heavy drinkers claimed not to experience hangover symptoms across time. Another study showed that food intake (either healthy or junk food) had no significant impact on next-day hangover severity. Research examining cognitive and psychomotor functioning during hangover revealed impairments in collective problem solving and response inhibition, but not attentional bias towards alcohol-related cues. The alcohol hangover state further significantly impaired driving performance, even for a short commute to work. With regard to the pathology of the alcohol hangover, research was presented that demonstrated increases in saliva cytokine concentrations confirming drinking alcohol and the hangover phase are both associated with an immune response. Other presentations discussed that scientific literature shows that there are no effective hangover treatments available yet. However, although promising, new hangover treatments are currently in development. Taken together, at the 10th Alcohol Hangover Research Group meeting, a comprehensive overview of the causes, consequences, and potential treatments of the alcohol hangover was presented.
- Published
- 2020
34. The effects of alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) on subjective intoxication and alertness: results from a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
- Author
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Joep Titulaer, Jimmy Jansen, Nienke van Andel, Boris S. G. Janssen, Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo, Charlotte A. G. H. van Gelder, and Joris C. Verster
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Placebo-controlled study ,030508 substance abuse ,Alcohol ,Placebo ,Crossover study ,Clinical trial ,Double blind ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Alertness ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurology ,chemistry ,Healthy volunteers ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,0305 other medical science ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this double blind placebo controlled study was to examine if specific effects on subjective intoxication and alertness-sleepiness ratings could be demonstrated after consuming alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) when compared to consuming alcohol only (AO). METHODS: 56 healthy volunteers rated their subjective intoxication on a scale ranging from 0 (sober) to 10 (highly intoxicated) at baseline, breath alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0%, and at BAC 0.08%, 0.05%, and 0.02%. Alertness-sleepiness was assessed with the Karolinska sleepiness scale. Scores of the AMED and AO condition, at each BAC level, were compared. RESULTS: Subjective intoxication for AMED and AO did not differ significantly from each other at any BAC level, except for BAC 0.02%. A significant increase in sleepiness scores was found in the AO condition, whereas scores remained stable in the AMED condition. Sleepiness scores at BAC0.08% and 0.05% were significantly lower after AMED when compared to AO. However, the observed differences between AMED and AO were small and have no clinical relevance. CONCLUSION: Mixing alcohol with energy drink had no overall masking effect on subjective intoxication caused by alcohol, nor had a relevant effect on subjective alertness-sleepiness ratings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2016
35. Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED): A critical review and meta‐analysis
- Author
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Sean J. Johnson, Chris Alford, Andrew Scholey, Sarah Benson, Samuel Benrejeb Godefroy, and Joris C. Verster
- Subjects
alcohol consumption ,Population ,prevalence ,review ,risk taking ,030508 substance abuse ,Alcohol ,Review Article ,Affect (psychology) ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alcohol intoxication ,systematic review ,subjective intoxication ,energy drink ,Environmental health ,negative consequences ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,human ,alcohol intoxication ,education ,Review Articles ,Consumption (economics) ,education.field_of_study ,Embase ,alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) ,business.industry ,alcohol ,consumer ,Medline ,medicine.disease ,PsycINFO ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,chemistry ,priority journal ,Meta-analysis ,high risk behavior ,Neurology (clinical) ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Risk taking ,Alcohol consumption ,alcoholic beverage ,meta analysis - Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to critically review the (1) prevalence of alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) consumption, (2) motives for AMED consumption, (3) correlates of AMED consumption, and (4) whether AMED consumption has an impact on (a) alcohol consumption, (b) subjective intoxication, and (c) risk‐taking behavior. Overall a minority of the population consumes AMED, typically infrequently. Motives for AMED consumption are predominantly hedonistic and social. Meta‐analyses revealed that AMED consumers drink significantly more alcohol than alcohol‐only (AO) consumers. Within‐subject comparisons restricted to AMED consumers revealed that alcohol consumption does not significantly differ between typical AMED and AO occasions. On past month heaviest drinking occasions, AMED users consume significantly less alcohol on AMED occasions when compared to AO occasions. AMED consumers experience significantly fewer negative consequences and risk‐taking behavior on AMED occasions compared with AO occasions. Meta‐analyses of subjective intoxication studies suggest that AMED consumption does not differentially affect subjective intoxication when compared to AO consumption. In conclusion, when compared to AO consumption, mixing alcohol with energy drink does not affect subjective intoxication and seems unlikely to increase total alcohol consumption, associated risk‐taking behavior, nor other negative alcohol‐related consequences. Further research may be necessary to fully reveal the effects of AMED.
- Published
- 2018
36. Energy drinks mixed with alcohol: are there any risks?
- Author
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Chris Alford, Andrew Scholey, and Joris C. Verster
- Subjects
Risk ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,Energy (esotericism) ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Binge drinking ,Alcohol ,Article ,Unit of alcohol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Alcohol intoxication ,Risk-Taking ,Risky sexual behavior ,Environmental health ,Caffeine ,medicine ,Energy Drinks ,Humans ,Food science ,Letter to the Editor ,Consumption (economics) ,Alcohol equivalence ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Public health ,Alcoholic Beverages ,Alcohol dependence ,medicine.disease ,Biotechnology ,Alcoholism ,chemistry ,Psychology ,business ,Alcohol consumption - Abstract
Energy drinks are popular beverages that typically include high levels of caffeine and other ingredients such as taurine, or caffeine-containing herbs, such as guarana. While energy drinks are often consumed alone, they are also frequently used as mixers for alcoholic beverages. This review summarizes what is known about the scope of use of alcohol mixed with energy drinks, the risks associated with such mixtures, and the objective laboratory data examining how the effects of their consumption differ from consuming alcohol alone. The weight of the evidence reveals that consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks is riskier than consuming alcohol alone and constitutes a public health concern. Consumption of these mixed beverages is frequent, especially in young and underage drinkers, and compared with alcohol alone, their use is associated with elevated rates of binge drinking, impaired driving, risky sexual behavior, and risk of alcohol dependence. Laboratory research (human and animal) has demonstrated that consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks leads to altered subjective states including decreased perceived intoxication, enhanced stimulation, and increased desire to drink/increased drinking compared to consuming alcohol alone. Possible underlying mechanisms explaining these observations are highlighted in this review.
- Published
- 2015
37. Total sleep time, alcohol consumption, and the duration and severity of alcohol hangover
- Author
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Joris C. Verster, Marlou Mackus, Marith van Schrojenstein Lantman, Thomas Roth, and Pharmacology
- Subjects
Evening ,total sleep time ,severity ,Hangovers ,Alcohol ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alcohol hangover ,Statistical analyses ,Nature and Science of Sleep ,0502 economics and business ,medicine ,Applied Psychology ,Original Research ,business.industry ,alcohol ,05 social sciences ,duration ,medicine.disease ,Sleep time ,chemistry ,hangover ,Duration (music) ,050211 marketing ,business ,Alcohol consumption ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
Marith van Schrojenstein Lantman,1 Marlou Mackus,1 Thomas Roth,2 Joris C Verster1,3,4 1Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA; 3Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 4Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC, Australia Introduction: An evening of alcohol consumption often occurs at the expense of sleep time. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between total sleep time and the duration and severity of the alcohol hangover.Methods: A survey was conducted among Dutch University students to collect data on their latest alcohol hangover. Data on alcohol consumption, total sleep time, hangover severity, and duration were collected. Alcohol consumption and hangover severity and duration were compared for participants who (a) slept 7 hours.Results: Data from N=578 students (40.1% men and 59.9% women) were included in the statistical analyses. Significant correlations were found between total sleep time and alcohol consumption (r=0.117, p=0.005), hangover severity (r= –0.178, p=0.0001) and hangover duration (r=0.168, p=0.0001). In contrast, total alcohol consumption did not correlate significantly with overall hangover severity or duration. Those who slept longer than 7 hours consumed significantly more alcohol (p=0.016) and reported extended hangover duration (p=0.004). However, they also reported significantly less severe hangovers (p=0.001) than students who slept
- Published
- 2017
38. Alcohol mixed with energy drinks: methodology and design of the Utrecht Student Survey
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Hein A. de Haan, Lydia de Haan, Joris C. Verster, and Berend Olivier
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Consumption (economics) ,Potential impact ,business.industry ,alcohol ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Methodology ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,alcohol related consequences ,Alcohol ,International Journal of General Medicine ,General Medicine ,Drinks alone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,energy drink ,Environmental health ,Injury prevention ,Personality ,Medicine ,survey ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Lydia de Haan,1 Hein A de Haan,2,3 Berend Olivier,1 Joris C Verster11Utrecht University, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Tactus Addiction Treatment, Deventer, The Netherlands; 3Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsAbstract: This paper describes the methodology of the Utrecht Student Survey. This online survey was conducted in June 2011 by 6002 students living in Utrecht, The Netherlands. The aim of the survey was to determine the potential impact of mixing alcoholic beverages with energy drinks on overall alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. In contrast to most previous surveys conducted on this topic, the current survey used a more appropriate within-subject design, comparing the alcohol consumption of individuals who consume alcohol mixed with energy drinks on occasions. Specifically, a comparison was conducted to examine the occasions during which these individuals consume this mixture versus occasions during which they consume alcohol alone. In addition to energy drinks, the consumption of other non-alcoholic mixers was also assessed when combined with alcoholic beverages. Furthermore, the reasons for consuming energy drinks alone or in combination with alcohol were investigated, and were compared to reasons for mixing alcohol with other non-alcoholic beverages. Finally, personality characteristics and the level of risk-taking behavior among the individuals were also assessed to explore their relationship with alcohol consumption. The Utrecht Student Survey will be replicated in the USA, Australia, and the UK. Results will be pooled, but also examined for possible cross-cultural differences.Keywords: energy drink, alcohol, alcohol related consequences, survey, methodology
- Published
- 2012
39. Characteristics of social drinkers with and without a hangover after heavy alcohol consumption
- Author
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S. J. Raasveld, N. H. Bouwmeester, Anna Hogewoning, Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo, Joris C. Verster, Marlou Mackus, Johan Garssen, Karel Brookhuis, R. De Zeeuw, Else R. Bosma, Clinical Neuropsychology, Dermatology, Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Systems & Network Neuroscience
- Subjects
Weakness ,medicine.medical_specialty ,SYMPTOMS ,Nausea ,media_common.quotation_subject ,mood ,education ,Hangovers ,VALIDATION ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,DRINKING ,0502 economics and business ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Psychiatry ,Adverse effect ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,SCALE ,media_common ,Original Research ,Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,alcohol ,05 social sciences ,COLLEGE-STUDENTS ,PERFORMANCE ,medicine.disease ,immunity ,STATE ,Mood ,INTOXICATION ,Feeling ,hangover ,050211 marketing ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Alcohol consumption ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
A Hogewoning,1,* AJAE Van de Loo,1,* M Mackus,1 SJ Raasveld,1 R De Zeeuw,1 ER Bosma,1 NH Bouwmeester,1 KA Brookhuis,2 J Garssen,1,3 JC Verster1,4 1Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 2Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Groningen University, Groningen, 3Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 4Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: A number of social drinkers claim that they do not experience next-day hangovers despite consuming large quantities of alcohol. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of drinkers who claim to be hangover immune and compare them with drinkers who do report having hangovers. Methods: A total of 36 social drinkers participated in a naturalistic study consisting of a hangover day (alcohol consumed) and a control day (no alcohol consumed). Data were collected on alcohol consumption, demographics, sleep, next-day adverse effects, and mood. Data from drinkers with a hangover (N=18) were compared with data from drinkers who claim to be hangover immune (N=18). Results: Drinkers with a hangover reported drowsiness-related symptoms, symptoms related to reduced cognitive functioning, and classic hangover symptoms such as headache, nausea, dizziness, weakness, and stomach pain. Corresponding mood changes comprised increased feelings of depression, anger–hostility, fatigue, and reduced vigor–activity. In contrast, hangover-immune drinkers reported relatively few hangover symptoms, with only mild corresponding severity scores. The reported symptoms were limited to drowsiness-related symptoms such as sleepiness and being tired. The classic hangover symptoms were usually not reported by these drinkers. Conclusion: In contrast to drinkers with a hangover, for those who claim to be hangover immune, next-day adverse effects of alcohol consumption are limited to a mild increase in drowsiness-related symptoms. Keywords: alcohol, hangover, symptoms, mood, immunity
- Published
- 2016
40. Direct comparison of the cognitive effects of acute alcohol with the morning after a normal night's drinking
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Joris C. Verster, Kieran Coyle, and Adele McKinney
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Repeated measures design ,Poison control ,Alcohol ,Audiology ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Free recall ,Alcohol intoxication ,Neurology ,chemistry ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Morning ,Stroop effect - Abstract
Objective The aimof this study was to compare performance measures after acute alcohol consumption (intoxication) with the performance the day after a normal nightâ?Ts drinking (hangover). Methods Eighty-four social drinkers took part in two studies that followed a counterbalanced repeated measure design. Fifteen men and 33 women were tested the morning (09:00, 11:00 or 13:00 h) following normal/usual alcohol consumption and the morning after no alcohol consumption; the order of testing was counterbalanced. In a second study, 36 participants (18 men and 18 women) were tested after receiving alcohol to attain a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08%, and after no alcohol administration, the order of testing was counterbalanced. In both studies, participants completed a task battery of memory, reaction time and attention tasks. Results Alcohol had no effect on the free recall task and the spatial attention task. Alcohol consumption, either acute or the next day, significantly affected reaction time, divided attention, selective attention and Stroop interference. The impairments during intoxication and hangover were of comparable magnitude. Performance on tasks of delayed recognition and irregular interstimulus reaction time was worse during hangover when compared with intoxication. Conclusion It is evident that awareness needs to be raised that performance the morning after alcohol consumption is at the same level if not worse than when participants are at the legal limit for driving (0.08% blood alcohol concentration).
- Published
- 2012
41. The effects of energy drink in combination with alcohol on performance and subjective awareness
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Jennifer Hamilton-Morris, Joris C. Verster, and Chris Alford
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Adult ,Male ,Energy drink ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,Performance ,Energy (esotericism) ,Intoxication ,Poison control ,Alcohol ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Double-Blind Method ,Randomized controlled trial ,Memory ,law ,Caffeine ,Injury prevention ,Reaction Time ,Energy Drinks ,Humans ,Medicine ,Subjective awareness ,Original Investigation ,Antagonism ,Pharmacology ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Awareness ,chemistry ,Female ,business ,Psychomotor Performance ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Rationale This study investigated the coadministration of an energy drink with alcohol to study the effects on subjective intoxication and objective performance. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the objective and subjective effects of alcohol versus placebo at two alcohol doses, alone and in combination with an energy drink, in a balanced order, placebo-controlled, double-blind design. Methods Two groups of ten healthy volunteers, mean (SD) age of 24 (6.5), participated in the study. One group consumed energy drink containing 80 mg of caffeine and the other consumed a placebo drink, with both receiving two alcohol doses (0.046 and 0.087% breathalyser alcohol concentration). Tests included breath alcohol assessment, objective measures of performance (reaction time, word memory and Stroop task) and subjective visual analogue mood scales. Results Participants showed significantly impaired reaction time and memory after alcohol compared to the no alcohol condition and had poorer memory after the higher alcohol dose. Stroop performance was improved with the energy drink plus alcohol combination compared to the placebo drink plus alcohol combination. Participants felt significant subjective dose-related impairment after alcohol compared to no alcohol. Neither breath alcohol concentration nor the subjective measures showed a significant difference between the energy drink and the placebo energy drink when combined with alcohol. Conclusions Subjective effects reflected awareness of alcohol intoxication and sensitivity to increasing alcohol dose. There were no overall significant group differences for subjective measures between energy drink and placebo groups in the presence of alcohol and no evidence that the energy drink masked the subjective effects of alcohol at either dose.
- Published
- 2012
42. Energy drinks mixed with alcohol: misconceptions, myths, and facts
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Chris Alford, Joris C. Verster, and Christoph Aufricht
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medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Poison control ,Alcohol ,Review ,Suicide prevention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Alcohol intoxication ,intoxication ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Personality ,Red Bull® ,Psychiatry ,media_common ,caffeine ,business.industry ,alcohol ,Alcohol dependence ,Human factors and ergonomics ,General Medicine ,masking ,medicine.disease ,chemistry ,energy drink and Red Bull® ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Whilst energy drinks improve performance and feelings of alertness, recent articles suggest that energy drink consumption combined with alcohol may reduce perception of alcohol intoxication, or lead to increased alcohol or drug use. This review discusses the available scientific evidence on the effects of mixing energy drinks with alcohol. METHODS: A literature search was performed using the keywords "energy drink and Red Bull(®)" and consulting Medline/Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Embase. RESULTS: There is little evidence that energy drinks antagonize the behavioral effects of alcohol, and there is no consistent evidence that energy drinks alter the perceived level of intoxication of people who mix energy drinks with alcohol. No clinically relevant cardiovascular or other adverse effects have been reported for healthy subjects combining energy drinks with alcohol, although there are no long-term investigations currently available. Finally, whilst several surveys have shown associations, there is no direct evidence that coadministration of energy drinks increases alcohol consumption, or initiates drug and alcohol dependence or abuse. CONCLUSION: Although some reports suggest that energy drinks lead to reduced awareness of intoxication and increased alcohol consumption, a review of the available literature shows that these views are not supported by direct or reliable scientific evidence. A personality with higher levels of risk-taking behavior may be the primary reason for increased alcohol and drug abuse per se. The coconsumption of energy drinks being one of the many expressions of that type of lifestyle and personality. Language: en
- Published
- 2012
43. Effects of alcohol on highway driving in the STISIM driving simulator
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Monique Anna Johanna Mets, Maartje Leenders, Esther Kuipers, Lieke M. de Senerpont Domis, Joris C. Verster, and Berend Olivier
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Driving test ,business.industry ,Driving simulator ,Poison control ,Alcohol ,Placebo ,Crossover study ,Standard deviation ,Test (assessment) ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Neurology ,chemistry ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The STISIM driving simulator is widely used. To enhance its usefulness in pharmacological research, a calibration study was performed to test a standardized highway driving test scenario after administration of three different dosages of alcohol and placebo. METHODS: Twenty-seven healthy young adults (14 men and 13 women; mean age (SD) = 22.8 (1.4)) participated in this randomized, single-blind crossover trial. Subjects received alcohol to gain a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.05%, 0.08%, and 0.11%, or placebo-alcohol. In each condition, subjects completed a 100-km highway driving simulator test. The standard deviation of lateral position, the weaving of the car, was the primary parameter of the test. RESULTS: Alcohol produced dose-dependent driving impairment. Standard deviation of lateral position and standard deviation of speed were significantly increased relative to placebo (p Language: en
- Published
- 2011
44. P.1.f.006 Cytokine concentrations after heavy alcohol consumption in people with and without a hangover
- Author
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Karen Knipping, R. De Zeeuw, Else R. Bosma, S. J. Raasveld, N. H. Bouwmeester, A.J.A.E. Van de Loo, Joris C. Verster, Anna Hogewoning, Johan Garssen, Karel Brookhuis, and Melanie Lukkes
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Saliva ,Evening ,Urinalysis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Physiology ,Alcohol ,Hangovers ,Urine ,Placebo ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Biological Psychiatry ,Pharmacology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Endocrinology ,Cytokine ,Neurology ,chemistry ,Neurology (clinical) ,business - Abstract
Purpose: After an evening of heavy alcohol consumption, next day alcohol hangovers are commonly experienced. However, about 20 to 25% of the people claim not to have a hangover, despite heavy alcohol consumption [1]. It has been suggested that not experiencing alcohol hangovers may increase the risk of continuing harmful drinking behavior. Therefore, further research on this topic is warranted. Although the causes of alcohol hangovers are unknown, it has been suggested that the immune system might play a role [2]. Previous research has found significant increases in IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ concentrations in during the hangover state [3]. Whereas these findings were observed in blood, the aim of the current study was to investigate cytokines levels in saliva and urine, determined after an evening of alcohol consumption in people who report a hangover compared to people who do not report a hangover (hangover resistant). Methods: N= 36 healthy subjects (22 female, 14 male), aged 18 to 35 years old, participated in this naturalistic study. N= 17 reported being hangover resistant and N= 19 reported having hangovers after heavy alcohol consumption. Of both groups, saliva and urine samples were collected on a control day (no alcohol consumed) and approximately 9 hours after stopping alcohol consumption on a hangover day (the day after an evening consuming alcohol). Cytokine concentrations (IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF, IFN-γ and TNF-α) on the hangover and control day were determined using Multiplex Bead Immuno-essays (Invitrogen by Life Technologies, California, USA) according to manufacturer's instructions. Difference scores (hangover - placebo) of cytokine concentrations were compared between subjects with a hangover and the hangover resistant group. Results: On average, participants consumed 11.6 (4.6) alcoholic drinks in the alcohol condition (hangover resistant group: 11.0 (4.6) drinks, hangover group: 12.1 (7.2) drinks. The difference in total alcohol consumed was not significant (p = 0.61). In saliva, significant increases in IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α concentrations were found in the hangover condition. In urine, significant increases were found for Il-4 and IL-6 in the hangover condition, whereas a significant decrease was found for IL-8. No significant differences were found between subjects with a hangover and hangover resistant subjects. Cytokine levels in urine were less pronounced when compared to those determined in saliva samples. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with previous research, showing significant increases in cytokine concentrations during alcohol hangover. The results were consistent in both saliva and urine samples, although the observed effects in saliva were more clear. No significant differences were found between subjects with a hangover and hangover resistant subjects. Further research should investigate the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of alcohol hangover, and why some drinkers claim to be hangover resistant despite heavy alcohol consumption.
- Published
- 2015
45. 1594 – Effects of alcohol hangover on driving performance
- Author
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Rick A. Vreman, Adriana C. Bervoets, Joris C. Verster, S. de Klerk, Karel Brookhuis, and Berend Olivier
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Heavy drinking ,Driving test ,Driving simulator ,Alcohol ,Audiology ,Affect (psychology) ,Lateral position ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Alcohol hangover ,medicine ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Morning - Abstract
Introduction Alcohol hangover is the most commonly experienced next day consequence of heavy drinking. The symptoms experienced during this post-intoxication state develop when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) returns to zero. The feeling of general misery can persist up to 24 h and can significantly affect planned activities and cognitive functioning. Objective To examine the effects of alcohol hangover on driving performance. Methods In N=47 healthy volunteers, driving performance was tested the morning following heavy drinking (alcohol hangover) and on a control day (no alcohol). Subjects performed a standardized 100-km highway driving test in the STISIM driving simulator. Primary outcome measure was the Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP), i.e. the weaving of the car. In addition, self-reported driving quality and driving style measures were scored. Results Driving performance was significantly worse during alcohol hangover (ΔSDLP = +1.85 cm; p=0.005). Driving impairment during alcohol hangover was supported by subjective measures. During alcohol hangover, driving quality was rated as significantly worse (p=0.0001), less safe, less considerate, less predictable, and less responsible (p=0.001). Subject reported being significantly more tensed during hangover and more effort was needed to perform the driving test (p=0.001). Conclusion Driving is significantly impaired during alcohol hangover. The magnitude of driving impairment is higher than that observed after administering alcohol to achieve a BAC of 0.05% (ΔSDLP = +1.7 cm), i.e. the legal limit for driving in many countries.
- Published
- 2013
46. 1595 – The effects of mixing alcohol with caffeinated beverages on subjective intoxication
- Author
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Andrew Scholey, Joris C. Verster, Sarah Benson, Chris Alford, and L. de Haan
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Caffeine doses ,business.industry ,Physiology ,Medicine ,Alcohol ,Driving While Intoxicated ,Large range ,Caffeine ,business - Abstract
Introduction It has been suggested that mixing alcohol with energy drinks (AMED) and other caffeinated beverages may alter the awareness of intoxication. The proposed reduction in subjective intoxication, also called “the masking effect”, may have serious consequences by increasing the likelihood of engaging in potentially dangerous activities such as driving while intoxicated. Aim The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine if mixing alcohol with caffeinated beverages alters subjective intoxication. Methods A literature search was conducted (August 21st, 2012) to collect all studies measuring subjective intoxication after administration of AMED, or other caffeinated alcoholic drinks compared to alcohol only. To this extent, PubMed and Embase were searched using the key words “alcohol”, “caffeine”, “energy drinks” and “intoxication”. The studies were critically reviewed and, where possible, included in a meta-analysis in order to determine whether masking exists after mixing alcohol with caffeinated beverages. Results Twelve studies were identified of which 8 could be used for the meta-analysis. When including higher caffeine doses (4 mg/kg) the meta-analysis revealed no significant masking effect (p= 0.477). Similarly, when including lower caffeine doses (2 mg/kg) no significant masking effect was found (p=0 .434). Despite the large range of caffeine content (46 - 383 mg) and alcohol levels (0.03% - 0.12% BAC) investigated, caffeine had no effect on the correct judgment of subjective intoxication. Conclusion Mixing alcohol with energy drink or other caffeinated beverages does not alter subjective intoxication.
- Published
- 2013
47. Measurement of alcohol hangover severity
- Author
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Joris C. Verster, Adele McKinney, Berend Olivier, Lucien D. Bus, Renske Penning, and Karin A Slot
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,SYMPTOMS ,Injury control ,Psychometrics ,Alcohol Drinking ,Universities ,Accident prevention ,Poison control ,Dizziness ,Severity of Illness Index ,Severity ,VALIDATION ,Young Adult ,DRINKING ,Alcohol hangover ,Severity of illness ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,Students ,Fatigue ,Netherlands ,Pharmacology ,AHSS ,Measurement ,business.industry ,Questionnaire ,Symptom severity ,Nausea ,Health Surveys ,Scale ,Female ,Hangover ,business ,Alcohol ,Alcoholic Intoxication ,Thirst - Abstract
This study aims to develop a new alcohol hangover symptom severity scale and compare its effectiveness with the Hangover Symptoms Scale (HSS), the Acute Hangover Scale (AHS), and a one-item hangover score.Data from 1,410 Dutch students (Penning et al., Alcohol Alcohol 47:248-252, 2012) on the severity of 47 hangover symptoms were re-analyzed to develop the Alcohol Hangover Severity Scale (AHSS). The psychometric properties of the AHSS were compared with those of the HSS and the AHS. A survey among 1,000 students compared the AHSS and HSS with a one-item hangover severity score. The AHSS was further tested in a naturalistic hangover experiment.The 12 items of the AHSS were fatigue, clumsiness, dizziness, apathy, sweating, shivering, nausea, heart pounding, confusion, stomach pain, concentration problems, and thirst. The Penning et al. (Alcohol Alcohol 47:248-252, 2012) data revealed that the predictive validity of the AHSS (92.4 %) for the overall hangover score was significantly higher than that of the HSS (81.5 %) and the AHS (71.0 %). The survey data (N = 966) showed that scores on the AHSS (39.7 %) and the HSS (47.6 %) only moderately predicted the one-item hangover score. A total of 119 subjects completed the naturalistic study. On average, they consumed 9.7 alcoholic consumptions, yielding a mean estimated blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.16 %. During hangover, the AHSS score correlated significantly with the number of alcoholic consumptions (r = 0.38, p The AHS, HSS, and AHSS all seem appropriate for application in hangover research. The use of a one-item hangover scale is not recommended.
48. Associations between Mental Resilience, Mood, Coping, Personality, and Hangover Severity
- Author
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Chantal Terpstra, Joris C Verster, Andrew Scholey, and Sarah Benson
- Subjects
alcohol ,hangover ,mental resilience ,mood ,coping ,personality ,Medicine - Abstract
Extensive research exists on relationships between psychological constructs and alcohol consumption. However, research on relationships with hangover severity remains limited. This study aimed to assess the associations between mental resilience, mood (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress), coping, personality, and hangover severity. A total of N = 690 participants completed an online survey by answering questions regarding their demographics, alcohol use, hangover prevalence and severity, and several psychological assessments (Brief Resilience Scale, DASS-21, Brief Cope, and Brief Version of the Big Five Personality Inventory). Significant associations were found between hangover severity and mental resilience, mood, and avoidant coping. Higher levels of mental resilience were associated with less severe hangovers, whereas poorer mood was associated with more severe hangovers. No significant associations were found with personality traits. These findings demonstrate that several associations between psychological constructs and hangover severity exist and suggest a role of psychological factors in the pathology of the alcohol hangover. As our findings contrast with the results of previous studies that did not report an association between mental resilience and the presence and severity of hangovers, further research is warranted.
- Published
- 2022
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49. Immune Responses after Heavy Alcohol Consumption: Cytokine Concentrations in Hangover-Sensitive and Hangover-Resistant Drinkers
- Author
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Aurora JAE van de Loo, S. Jorinde Raasveld, Anna Hogewoning, Raymond de Zeeuw, Else R Bosma, Noor H Bouwmeester, Melanie Lukkes, Karen Knipping, Marlou Mackus, Aletta D Kraneveld, Karel A Brookhuis, Johan Garssen, Andrew Scholey, and Joris C Verster
- Subjects
alcohol ,hangover ,immune system ,cytokine ,hangover severity ,Medicine - Abstract
This study investigated immunological changes during an alcohol hangover, and the possible difference between hangover-resistant and hangover-sensitive drinkers in terms of immune reactivity. Using a semi-naturalistic design, N = 36 healthy social drinkers (18 to 30 years old) provided saliva samples on a control day (after drinking no alcohol) and on a post-alcohol day. Hangover severity was rated directly after saliva collection. Cytokine concentrations, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and hangover severity were compared between both test days and between hangover-sensitive and -resistant drinkers. Data from N = 35 drinkers (17 hangover-sensitive and 18 hangover-resistant) were included in the statistical analyses. Relative to the control day, there were significant increases in saliva IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations on the post-alcohol day. No significant differences in cytokine concentrations were found between hangover-sensitive and hangover-resistant drinkers, nor did any change in cytokine concentration correlate significantly with hangover severity. In line with previous controlled studies assessing cytokines in blood, the current naturalistic study using saliva samples also demonstrated that the immune system responds to high-level alcohol intake. However, further research is warranted, as, in contrast to previous findings in blood samples, changes in saliva cytokine concentrations did not differ significantly between hangover-sensitive and hangover-resistant drinkers, nor did they correlate significantly with hangover severity.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Effects of Rapid Recovery on Alcohol Hangover Severity: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Balanced Crossover Trial
- Author
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Andrew Scholey, Elizabeth Ayre, Ann-Kathrin Stock, Joris C Verster, and Sarah Benson
- Subjects
hangover ,alcohol ,hangover treatment ,inflammation ,liver function ,Medicine - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of putative hangover treatment, Rapid Recovery, in mitigating alcohol hangover (AH) symptom severity. Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, balanced crossover design, 20 participants attended the laboratory for two evenings of alcohol consumption, each followed by morning assessments of AH severity. Participants were administered Rapid Recovery and placebo on separate visits. In the first testing visit, participants self-administered alcoholic beverages of their choice, to a maximum of 1.3 g/kg alcohol. Drinking patterns were recorded and replicated in the second evening testing visit. In the morning visits, AH severity was assessed using questionnaires measuring AH symptom severity and sleep quality, computerized assessments of cognitive functioning as well as levels of blood biomarkers of liver function (gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)) and inflammation (high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)). There were no differences in the blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) obtained in the Rapid Recovery (mean = 0.096%) and placebo (mean = 0.097%) conditions. Participants reported significantly greater sleep problems in the Rapid Recovery compared to placebo condition, although this difference was no longer significant following Bonferroni’s correction. There were no other significant differences between Rapid Recovery and placebo. These data suggest that Rapid Recovery has no significant effect on alcohol hangover nor on associated biomarkers.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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