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2. Genome structure and metabolic features in the red seaweed Chondrus crispus shed light on evolution of the Archaeplastida

Author

Collén, Jonas, Porcel, Betina, Carré, Wilfrid, Ball, Steven G., Chaparro, Cristian, Tonon, Thierry, Barbeyron, Tristan, Michel, Gurvan, Noel, Benjamin, Valentin, Klaus, Elias, Marek, Artiguenave, François, Arun, Alok, Aury, Jean-Marc, Barbosa-Neto, José F., Bothwell, John H., Bouget, François-Yves, Brillet, Loraine, Cabello-Hurtado, Francisco, Capella-Gutiérrez, Salvador, Charrier, Bénédicte, Cladière, Lionel, Cock, J. Mark, Coelho, Susana M., Colleoni, Christophe, Czjzek, Mirjam, Da Silva, Corinne, Delage, Ludovic, Denoeud, France, Deschamps, Philippe, Dittami, Simon M., Gabaldón, Toni, Gachon, Claire M. M., Groisillier, Agnès, Hervé, Cécile, Jabbari, Kamel, Katinka, Michael, Kloareg, Bernard, Kowalczyk, Nathalie, Labadie, Karine, Leblanc, Catherine, Lopez, Pascal J., McLachlan, Deirdre H., Meslet-Cladiere, Laurence, Moustafa, Ahmed, Nehr, Zofia, Collén, Pi Nyvall, Panaud, Olivier, Partensky, Frédéric, Poulain, Julie, Rensing, Stefan A., Rousvoal, Sylvie, Samson, Gaelle, Symeonidi, Aikaterini, Weissenbach, Jean, Zambounis, Antonios, Wincker, Patrick, and Boyen, Catherine

Published
2013

4. Induction of Phlorotannins and Gene Expression in the Brown Macroalga Fucus vesiculosus in Response to the Herbivore Littorina littorea

Author

Weinberger Florian, Leblanc Catherine, Vallet Laurent, Ar Gall Erwan, Potin Philippe, Ludovic Delage, Inken Kruse, Creis Bendelac Emeline, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), This project was funded by the project IDEALG (ANR-10-BTBR-04) 'Investissements d’avenir, Biotechnologies-Bioressources'. E.C. was supported by a Ph.D. fellowship from the Conseil Régional de Bretagne ARED SYNTHALG n°7010., ANR-10-BTBR-0004,IDEALG,Biotechnologies pour la valorisation des macroalgues(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie évolutive et écologie des algues = Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], phlorotannins, Phloroglucinol, Pharmaceutical Science, Fucus vesiculosus, 01 natural sciences, Phlorotannin, inducible defense, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Algae, Drug Discovery, Gene expression, grazing, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Littorina, biology.organism_classification, Brown algae, lcsh:Biology (General), chemistry, Biochemistry, gene expression, Chemical defense, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Mechanisms related to the induction of phlorotannin biosynthesis in marine brown algae remain poorly known. Several studies undertaken on fucoid species have shown that phlorotannins accumulate in the algae for several days or weeks after being exposed to grazing, and this is measured by direct quantification of soluble phenolic compounds. In order to investigate earlier inducible responses involved in phlorotannin metabolism, Fucus vesiculosus was studied between 6 and 72 h of grazing by the sea snail Littorina littorea. In this study, the quantification of soluble phenolic compounds was complemented by a Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) approach applied on genes that are potentially involved in either the phlorotannin metabolism or stress responses. Soluble phlorotannin levels remained stable during the kinetics and increased significantly only after 12 h in the presence of grazers, compared to the control, before decreasing to the initial steady state for the rest of the kinetics. Under grazing conditions, the expression of vbpo, cyp450 and ast6 genes was upregulated, respectively, at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, and cyp450 gene was downregulated after 72 h. Interestingly, the pksIII gene involved in the synthesis of phloroglucinol was overexpressed under grazing conditions after 24 h and 72 h. This study supports the hypothesis that phlorotannins are able to provide an inducible chemical defense under grazing activity, which is regulated at different stages of the stress response.

Published
2021

5. Herbivore-induced chemical and molecular responses of the kelps Laminaria digitata and Lessonia spicata

Author

Ritter, Andrés, Cabioch, Léa, Brillet-Guéguen, Loraine, Corre, Erwan, Cosse, Audrey, Dartevelle, Laurence, Duruflé, Harold, Fasshauer, Carina, Goulitquer, Sophie, Thomas, François, Correa, Juan, Potin, Philippe, Faugeron, Sylvain, Leblanc, Catherine, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Diatom Genomics [LCQB] (LCQB-DG), Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative = Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology (LCQB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
cDNA libraries, Algae, Forms of DNA, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Phaeophyta, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biochemistry, Extraction techniques, Plant-Animal Interactions, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, Metabolomics, Herbivory, DNA libraries, Amino Acids, Molecular Biology Techniques, lcsh:Science, Molecular Biology, Expressed Sequence Tags, Behavior, Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques, Animal Behavior, Ecology, Plant Ecology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, DNA, Plants, Seaweed, Complementary DNA, RNA extraction, Trophic Interactions, Nucleic acids, Research and analysis methods, Grazing, Community Ecology, Amino Acid Analysis, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Transcriptome, Zoology, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; Kelps are founding species of temperate marine ecosystems, living in intertidal coastal areas where they are often challenged by generalist and specialist herbivores. As most sessile organisms, kelps develop defensive strategies to restrain grazing damage and preserve their own fitness during interactions with herbivores. To decipher some inducible defense and signaling mechanisms, we carried out metabolome and transcriptome analyses in two emblematic kelp species, Lessonia spicata from South Pacific coasts and Laminaria digitata from North Atlantic, when challenged with their main specialist herbivores. Mass spectrometry based metabolomics revealed large metabolic changes induced in these two brown algae following challenges with their own specialist herbivores. Targeted metabolic profiling of L. spicata further showed that free fatty acid (FFA) and amino acid (AA) metabolisms were particularly regulated under grazing. An early stress response was illustrated by the accumulation of Sulphur containing amino acids in the first twelve hours of herbivory pressure. At latter time periods (after 24 hours), we observed FFA liberation and eicosanoid oxylipins synthesis likely representing metabolites related to stress. Global transcriptomic analysis identified sets of candidate genes specifically induced by grazing in both kelps. qPCR analysis of the top candidate genes during a 48-hours time course validated the results. Most of these genes were particularly activated by herbivore challenge after 24 hours, suggesting that transcriptional reprogramming could be operated at this time period. We demonstrated the potential utility of these genes as molecular markers for herbivory by measuring their inductions in grazed individuals of field harvested L. digitata and L. spicata. By unravelling the regulation of some metabolites and genes following grazing pressure in two kelps representative of the two hemispheres, this work contributes to provide a set of herbivore-induced chemical and molecular responses in kelp species, showing similar inducible responses upon specialist herbivores in their respective ecosystems.

Published
2017

6. Evaluation of a new primer combination to minimize plastid contamination in 16S rDNA metabarcoding analyses of alga‐associated bacterial communities.

Author

Thomas, François, Dittami, Simon M., Brunet, Maéva, Le Duff, Nolwen, Tanguy, Gwenn, Leblanc, Catherine, and Gobet, Angélique

Subjects
BACTERIAL communities, RECOMBINANT DNA, BACTERIAL diversity, GENE amplification, ALGAL communities, COMMUNITY organization, ALGAE
Abstract

Summary: Plant‐ and alga‐associated bacterial communities are generally described via 16S rDNA metabarcoding using universal primers. As plastid genomes encode 16S rDNA related to cyanobacteria, these data sets frequently contain >90% plastidial sequences, and the bacterial diversity may be under‐sampled. To overcome this limitation we evaluated in silico the taxonomic coverage for four primer combinations targeting the 16S rDNA V3‐V4 region. They included a forward primer universal to Bacteria (S‐D‐Bact‐0341‐b‐S‐17) and four reverse primers designed to avoid plastid DNA amplification. The best primer combination (NOCHL) was compared to the universal primer set in the wet lab using a synthetic community and samples from three macroalgal species. The proportion of plastid sequences was reduced by 99%–100% with the NOCHL primers compared to the universal primers, irrespective of algal hosts, sample collection and extraction protocols. Additionally, the NOCHL primers yielded a higher richness while maintaining the community structure. As Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria were underrepresented (70%–90%) compared to universal primers, combining the NOCHL set with taxon‐specific primers may be useful for a complete description of the alga‐associated bacterial diversity. The NOCHL primers represent an innovation to study algal holobionts without amplifying host plastid sequences and may further be applied to other photosynthetic hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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7. Chondrus crispus – A Present and Historical Model Organism for Red Seaweeds

Author

Porcel, B., Carre, W., Ball, S., Chaparro, C., Barbeyron, T., Noel, B., Valentin, K., Elias, M., Artiguenave, François, Arun, A., Aury, J.-M., Barbosa-Neto, J., Bothwell, J., Bouget, F.-Y., Brillet, L., Cabello-Hurtado, F., Capella-Gutierrez, S., Charrier, B., Cladière, L., Cock, J., Coelho, S., Colleoni, C., Czjzek, M., Da Silva, C., Delage, L., Denoeud, France, Deschamps, P., Dittami, S., Gabaldón, T., Gachon, C., Groisillier, A., Jabbari, K., Katinka, M., Kloareg, B., Kowalczyk, N., Labadie, K., Lopez, P., Mclachlan, D., Meslet-Cladiere, L., Moustafa, A., Nehr, Z., Nyvall Collen, P., Panaud, O., Partensky, F., Poulain, J., Rensing, S., Rousvoal, S., Samson, G., Symeonidi, A., Weissenbach, J., Zambounis, A., Wincker, P., Collen, Jonas, Cornish, M. Lynn, Craigie, James, Ficko-Blean, Elizabeth, Hervé, Cécile, Krueger-Hadfield, Stacy, Leblanc, Catherine, Michel, Gurvan, Potin, Philippe, Tonon, Thierry, Boyen, Catherine, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes (LGDP), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), inconnu, Inconnu, Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France, Structure et évolution des génomes (SEG), CNS-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sylvadour, IUT des Pays de l'Adour, Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay] (IGM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'études d'océanographie et de biologie marine (CEOBM), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bordeaux 2 Laboratoire de Psychologie EA «Santé et qualité de vie», Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
biology, Ecology, Ecology (disciplines), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population structure, Genomics, biology.organism_classification, Moss, Rocky shore, Algae, Chondrus crispus, Botany, 14. Life underwater, Organism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Chondrus crispus, or Irish moss, is a common edible red seaweed that can be found on rocky shores in the Northern Atlantic. The cell wall contains carrageenan and C. crispus is the original source of this commercially used thickener. Because of the ecological and economic importance of this red alga a relatively important research literature exists and one of the recent achievements in C. crispus research is the sequencing of its genome. In this chapter we review some of the literature with the aim to promote C. crispus as a model organism for florideophyte red seaweeds. We consider subjects like commercial and historical uses, ecology, genetics, population structure, mating systems, physiology, cell wall biology and genomics. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2014

8. Evolution of Red Algal Plastid Genomes: Ancient Architectures, Introns, Horizontal Gene Transfer, and Taxonomic Utility of Plastid Markers.

Author

Janouškovec, Jan, Liu, Shao-Lun, Martone, Patrick T., Carré, Wilfrid, Leblanc, Catherine, Collén, Jonas, and Keeling, Patrick J.

Subjects
RED algae, PLASTIDS, ANCIENT architecture, INTRONS, GENETIC transformation, BIOMARKERS, COMPARATIVE genomics, MARINE biology
Abstract

Red algae have the most gene-rich plastid genomes known, but despite their evolutionary importance these genomes remain poorly sampled. Here we characterize three complete and one partial plastid genome from a diverse range of florideophytes. By unifying annotations across all available red algal plastid genomes we show they all share a highly compact and slowly-evolving architecture and uniquely rich gene complements. Both chromosome structure and gene content have changed very little during red algal diversification, and suggest that plastid-to nucleus gene transfers have been rare. Despite their ancient character, however, the red algal plastids also contain several unprecedented features, including a group II intron in a tRNA-Met gene that encodes the first example of red algal plastid intron maturase – a feature uniquely shared among florideophytes. We also identify a rare case of a horizontally-acquired proteobacterial operon, and propose this operon may have been recruited for plastid function and potentially replaced a nucleus-encoded plastid-targeted paralogue. Plastid genome phylogenies yield a fully resolved tree and suggest that plastid DNA is a useful tool for resolving red algal relationships. Lastly, we estimate the evolutionary rates among more than 200 plastid genes, and assess their usefulness for species and subspecies taxonomy by comparison to well-established barcoding markers such as cox1 and rbcL. Overall, these data demonstrates that red algal plastid genomes are easily obtainable using high-throughput sequencing of total genomic DNA, interesting from evolutionary perspectives, and promising in resolving red algal relationships at evolutionarily-deep and species/subspecies levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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9. Vanadium-dependent iodoperoxidases inLaminaria digitata, a novel biochemical function diverging from brown algal bromoperoxidases.

Author

Colin, Carole, Leblanc, Catherine, Michel, Gurvan, Wagner, Elsa, Leize-Wagner, Emmanuelle, Dorsselaer, Alain, and Potin, Philippe

Subjects
*LAMINARIA digitata, *LAMINARIA, *LAMINARIACEAE, *ALGAE, *ENZYMES, *BIOCHEMISTRY
Abstract

The brown algaLaminaria digitatafeatures a distinct vanadium-dependent iodoperoxidase (vIPO) activity, which has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Steady-state analyses at pH 6.2 are reported for vIPO (K=2.5 mM;k=462 s-1) and for the previously characterised vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidase inL. digitata(K=18.1 mM;k=38 s-1). Although the vIPO enzyme specifically oxidises iodide, competition experiments with halides indicate that bromide is a competitive inhibitor with respect to the fixation of iodide. A full-length complementary ANA (cDNA) was cloned and shown to be actively transcribed inL. digitataand to encode the vIPO enzyme. Mass spectrometry analyses of tryptic digests of vIPO indicated the presence of at least two very similar proteins, in agreement with Southern analyses showing that vIPOs are encoded by a multigenic family inL. digitata. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that vIPO shares a close common ancestor with brown algal vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidases. Based on a three-dimensional structure model of the vIPO active site and on comparisons with those of other vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases, we propose a hypothesis to explain the evolution of strict specificity for iodide inL. digitatavIPO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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10. Genome–Scale Metabolic Networks Shed Light on the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in the Brown Algae Saccharina japonica and Cladosiphon okamuranus.

Author

Nègre, Delphine, Aite, Méziane, Belcour, Arnaud, Frioux, Clémence, Brillet-Guéguen, Loraine, Liu, Xi, Bordron, Philippe, Godfroy, Olivier, Lipinska, Agnieszka P., Leblanc, Catherine, Siegel, Anne, Dittami, Simon M., Corre, Erwan, and Markov, Gabriel V.

Subjects
SACCHARINA, ABSCISIC acid, BIOSYNTHESIS, METABOLIC profile tests, ALGAE, METABOLIC models, BROWN algae, LAMINARIA
Abstract

Understanding growth mechanisms in brown algae is a current scientific and economic challenge that can benefit from the modeling of their metabolic networks. The sequencing of the genomes of Saccharina japonica and Cladosiphon okamuranus has provided the necessary data for the reconstruction of Genome–Scale Metabolic Networks (GSMNs). The same in silico method deployed for the GSMN reconstruction of Ectocarpus siliculosus to investigate the metabolic capabilities of these two algae, was used. Integrating metabolic profiling data from the literature, we provided functional GSMNs composed of an average of 2230 metabolites and 3370 reactions. Based on these GSMNs and previously published work, we propose a model for the biosynthetic pathways of the main carotenoids in these two algae. We highlight, on the one hand, the reactions and enzymes that have been preserved through evolution and, on the other hand, the specificities related to brown algae. Our data further indicate that, if abscisic acid is produced by Saccharina japonica, its biosynthesis pathway seems to be different in its final steps from that described in land plants. Thus, our work illustrates the potential of GSMNs reconstructions for formalizing hypotheses that can be further tested using targeted biochemical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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11. Impact of nine macroalgal diets on growth and initial reproductive investment in juvenile abalone Haliotis tuberculata.

Author

Roussel, Sabine, Caralp, Claire, Leblanc, Catherine, Le Grand, Fabienne, Stiger-Pouvreau, Valérie, Coulombet, Céline, Le Goïc, Nelly, and Huchette, Sylvain

Subjects
*LAMINARIA, *ABALONES, *ALGAL reproduction, *GONAD development, *LEUCINE, *FISH nutrition, *ENTEROMORPHA
Abstract

The commercial culture of Haliotis tuberculata has recently started in Europe. As abalone is herbivorous, the use of local collected algae as feed may appear advantageous. The nutritional value of eight monospecific seaweed diets was studied using Palmaria palmata (Rhodophyta), filamentous algae, mainly Gracilaria sp. (Rhodophyta), Enteromorpha sp. and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta), together with Saccharina latissima , Saccorhiza polyschides , Laminaria digitata and Laminaria hyperborea (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae) and a mixed macroalgal diet. An integrative approach consisted in monitoring the seasonal composition changes of these algae in terms of protein, lipid, soluble carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino-acid contents, and to relate it to seasonal growth and reproduction investment during a large-scale experiment. Abalone and algae were studied for one year in commercial sea-cage structures. Abalone fed with monospecific diet using either P. palmata or S. latissima, and with mixed diet presented the best growth rate, muscle ratio and gonad development. Seasonal daily weight gain was mainly associated with n-3/n-6 ratio, soluble carbohydrate content and total protein content. In term of amino-acid contents, the daily weight gain was associated with free phenylalanine as well as isoleucine levels. Moreover, 90% of 2-years old abalone started gonad development but less than a quarter featured a fully matured gonad. The gonad development of H. tuberculata was mostly associated to total valine, methionine, leucine, arginine and isoleucine levels. The age of initial sexual maturity in H. tuberculata turned to be a highly plastic trait in response to different growth rates and algal diets. Even if P. palmata is the best option for growth performance, mixed diets should probably be preferred to a monospecific diet in order to avoid too high pressure on a single algal resource. • Mixed diets conferred higher fitness than the average of single-species diets, but not for the best single species • Abalone are likely to invest more energy in muscle and gonad developments when fed on Palmaria palmata. • At 2-year-old, an average of 90% of H. tuberculata started gonad development but <23% of the cohort had a full development • Soluble carbohydrate, n-3/n-6 and total protein are the major algal components for reproduction and growth performance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
Full Text
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