272,603 results
Search Results
402. Deep learning for digitizing highly noisy paper-based ECG records
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Yao Li, Liheng Yu, Linghao Shen, Meng Wang, Jun Wang, Kunlun He, and Qixun Qu
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0301 basic medicine ,Computer science ,Health Informatics ,Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY ,Signal ,03 medical and health sciences ,Electrocardiography ,0302 clinical medicine ,Deep Learning ,Sørensen–Dice coefficient ,Waveform ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS ,Segmentation ,Digitization ,Signal processing ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,Pattern recognition ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Image segmentation ,Computer Science Applications ,ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION ,030104 developmental biology ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Algorithms - Abstract
Electrocardiography (ECG) is essential in many heart diseases. However, some ECGs are recorded by paper, which can be highly noisy. Digitizing the paper-based ECG records into a high-quality signal is critical for further analysis. We formulated the digitization problem as a segmentation problem and proposed a deep learning method to digitize highly noisy ECG scans. Our method extracts the ECG signal in an end-to-end manner and can handle different paper record layouts. In the experiment, our model clearly extracted the ECG waveform with a Dice coefficient of 0.85 and accurately measured the common ECG parameters with more than 0.90 Pearson's correlation. We showed that the end-to-end approach with deep learning can be powerful in ECG digitization. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first approach to digitize the least informative noisy binary ECG scans and potentially be generalized to digitize various ECG records.
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- 2020
403. How to read and review papers on machine learning and artificial intelligence in radiology: a survival guide to key methodological concepts
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Burak Kocak, Ece Ates Kus, and Ozgur Kilickesmez
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Group method of data handling ,Feature selection ,Feature scaling ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Machine Learning ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Robustness (computer science) ,Artificial Intelligence ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Hyperparameter ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Medicine ,Data sharing ,Reading ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Information leakage ,Radiology ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,Algorithms - Abstract
In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in research papers about machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence in radiology. With so many papers around, it is of paramount importance to make a proper scientific quality assessment as to their validity, reliability, effectiveness, and clinical applicability. Due to methodological complexity, the papers on ML in radiology are often hard to evaluate, requiring a good understanding of key methodological issues. In this review, we aimed to guide the radiology community about key methodological aspects of ML to improve their academic reading and peer-review experience. Key aspects of ML pipeline were presented within four broad categories: study design, data handling, modelling, and reporting. Sixteen key methodological items and related common pitfalls were reviewed with a fresh perspective: database size, robustness of reference standard, information leakage, feature scaling, reliability of features, high dimensionality, perturbations in feature selection, class balance, bias-variance trade-off, hyperparameter tuning, performance metrics, generalisability, clinical utility, comparison with traditional tools, data sharing, and transparent reporting.Key Points• Machine learning is new and rather complex for the radiology community.• Validity, reliability, effectiveness, and clinical applicability of studies on machine learning can be evaluated with a proper understanding of key methodological concepts about study design, data handling, modelling, and reporting.• Understanding key methodological concepts will provide a better academic reading and peer-review experience for the radiology community.
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- 2020
404. Ten Simple Rules for writing algorithmic bioinformatics conference papers
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Paul Medvedev
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0301 basic medicine ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Computer science ,QH301-705.5 ,Bioinformatics ,Writing ,Gene Identification and Analysis ,Genetic Networks ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Field (computer science) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Database and Informatics Methods ,Clustering Algorithms ,0302 clinical medicine ,Computer software ,Genetics ,Humans ,Prototypes ,Biology (General) ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Simple (philosophy) ,Publishing ,Ecology ,Information Dissemination ,Software Tools ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,Computational Biology ,Software Engineering ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Congresses as Topic ,030104 developmental biology ,Editorial ,Technology Development ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Modeling and Simulation ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering and Technology ,Sequence Analysis ,Sequence Alignment ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Algorithms ,Mathematics ,Network Analysis - Abstract
Author summary Conferences are great venues for disseminating algorithmic bioinformatics results, but they unfortunately do not offer an opportunity to make major revisions in the way that journals do. As a result, it is not possible for authors to fix mistakes that might be easily correctable but nevertheless can cause the paper to be rejected. As a reviewer, I wish that I had the opportunity to tell the authors, “Hey, you forgot to do this really important thing, without which it is hard to accept the paper, but if you could go back and fix it, you might have a great paper for the conference.” This lack of a back and forth can be especially problematic for first-time submitters or those from outside the field, e.g., biologists. In this article, I outline Ten Simple Rules to follow when writing an algorithmic bioinformatics conference paper to avoid having it rejected.
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- 2020
405. SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python: 24 February 2020 : An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper
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Virtanen, P., Gommers, R., Oliphant, T.E., Haberland, M., Reddy, T., Cournapeau, D., Burovski, E., Peterson, P., Weckesser, W., Bright, J., Walt, S.J., Brett, M., Wilson, J., Millman, K.J., Mayorov, N., Nelson, A.R.J., Jones, E., Kern, R., Larson, E., Carey, C.J., Polat, I., Feng, Y., Moore, E.W., VanderPlas, J., Laxalde, D., Perktold, J., Cimrman, R., Henriksen, I., Quintero, E.A., Harris, C.R., Archibald, A.M., Ribeiro, A.H., Pedregosa, F., Mulbregt, P., Vijaykumar, A., Bardelli, A.P., Rothberg, A., Hilboll, A., Kloeckner, A., Scopatz, A., Lee, A., Rokem, A., Woods, C.N., Fulton, C., Masson, C., Häggström, C., Fitzgerald, C., Nicholson, D.A., Hagen, D.R., Pasechnik, D.V., Olivetti, E., Martin, E., Wieser, E., Lenders, F., Silva, Fabrice, Wilhelm, F., Young, G., Price, G.A., Ingold, G.-L., Allen, G.E., Lee, G.R., Audren, H., Probst, Irvin, Dietrich, J.P., Silterra, J., Webber, J.T., Slavič, J., Nothman, J., Buchner, J., Kulick, J., Schönberger, J.L., Miranda Cardoso, J.V., Reimer, J., Harrington, J., Rodríguez, J.L.C., Nunez-Iglesias, J., Kuczynski, J., Tritz, K., Thoma, M., Newville, M., Kümmerer, M., Bolingbroke, M., Tartre, M., Pak, M., Smith, N.J., Nowaczyk, N., Shebanov, N., Pavlyk, O., Brodtkorb, P.A., Lee, P., McGibbon, R.T., Feldbauer, R., Lewis, S., Tygier, S., Sievert, S., Vigna, S., Peterson, S., More, S., Pudlik, T., Oshima, T., Pingel, T.J., Robitaille, T.P., Spura, T., Jones, T.R., Cera, T., Leslie, T., Zito, T., Krauss, T., Upadhyay, U., Halchenko, Y.O., Vázquez-Baeza, Y., SciPy 1.0, Contributors, Low Temperature Laboratory, TKK Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SNECMA Villaroche [Moissy-Cramayel], Safran Group, New Technologies Research Centre [Plzeň] (NTC), University of West Bohemia [Plzeň ], Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sons, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_CID_PRASYS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Chicago, Consortium of Advanced Radiation Sciences, Advanced Photon Source, GSECARS, University of Chicago, Laboratoire de physique des gaz et des plasmas (LPGP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Gommers, Ralf [0000-0002-0300-3333], Haberland, Matt [0000-0003-4806-3601], Reddy, Tyler [0000-0003-2364-6157], van der Walt, Stéfan J. [0000-0001-9276-1891], Millman, K. Jarrod [0000-0002-5263-5070], Nelson, Andrew R. J. [0000-0002-4548-3558], Laxalde, Denis [0000-0002-5540-4825], Ribeiro, Antônio H. [0000-0003-3632-8529], van Mulbregt, Paul [0000-0002-2382-8308], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, van der Walt, Stéfan J [0000-0001-9276-1891], Millman, K Jarrod [0000-0002-5263-5070], Nelson, Andrew RJ [0000-0002-4548-3558], Ribeiro, Antônio H [0000-0003-3632-8529], Quansight LLC, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), AUTRES, National Research University Higher School of Economics [St. Petersburg], Tallinn Technical University, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Skolkovo Innovation Center, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation [Australie] (ANSTO), Enthought Inc, University of Washington [Seattle], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne (ENISE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Google LLC, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS)
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FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Computer Science - Software Engineering ,631/45/56 ,Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS) ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,computer.programming_language ,0303 health sciences ,Signal processing ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) ,ddc ,Linear algebra ,Perspective ,Minification ,Physics - Computational Physics ,Algorithm ,Algorithms ,Biotechnology ,De facto standard ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Image processing ,History, 21st Century ,Models, Biological ,706/703/559 ,Python (Computer program language) ,Computational science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms ,0103 physical sciences ,Computer Simulation ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,ddc:530 ,Cluster analysis ,Molecular Biology ,Scientific computing ,030304 developmental biology ,Sparse matrix ,software ,Computational Biology ,Cell Biology ,Python (programming language) ,History, 20th Century ,[INFO.INFO-NA]Computer Science [cs]/Numerical Analysis [cs.NA] ,Software Engineering (cs.SE) ,Nonlinear Dynamics ,Linear Models ,Computer Science - Mathematical Software ,Programming Languages ,631/114 ,computer ,Mathematical Software (cs.MS) ,Python - Abstract
SciPy is an open source scientific computing library for the Python programming language. SciPy 1.0 was released in late 2017, about 16 years after the original version 0.1 release. SciPy has become a de facto standard for leveraging scientific algorithms in the Python programming language, with more than 600 unique code contributors, thousands of dependent packages, over 100,000 dependent repositories, and millions of downloads per year. This includes usage of SciPy in almost half of all machine learning projects on GitHub, and usage by high profile projects including LIGO gravitational wave analysis and creation of the first-ever image of a black hole (M87). The library includes functionality spanning clustering, Fourier transforms, integration, interpolation, file I/O, linear algebra, image processing, orthogonal distance regression, minimization algorithms, signal processing, sparse matrix handling, computational geometry, and statistics. In this work, we provide an overview of the capabilities and development practices of the SciPy library and highlight some recent technical developments., Comment: Article source data is available here: https://github.com/scipy/scipy-articles
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- 2020
406. The 2021 Richard Skalak Award and the 2021 Editors' Choice Papers.
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Thao (Vicky) Nguyen and Ethier, C. Ross
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- 2023
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407. An effective digitization method for CTG paper report with binary background grids taken by smartphone
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Liu Zhikang, Yu Zhang, Zhao Zhidong, Haihui Ye, and Si Yingsong
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Cardiotocography ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Health Informatics ,Pattern recognition ,Heart Rate, Fetal ,Signal ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Computer Science Applications ,03 medical and health sciences ,Uterine Contraction ,0302 clinical medicine ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,Feature (computer vision) ,Pregnancy ,Distortion ,Humans ,Female ,Artificial intelligence ,Smartphone ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Software ,Digitization ,Algorithms - Abstract
Background and Objective Cardiotocography (CTG) is the most popular prenatal diagnostic examination, which includes continuous monitoring of foetal heart rate (FHR, bpm) and uterine contraction (UC, mmHg) signals. Compared with CTG paper reports, digitized reports have better storage, transmission and retrieval capabilities, in addition to being able to assess foetal health. However, most of the existing digitization methods extract signals from paper reports with colour background grids, and they cannot extract signals completely from paper reports with binary background grids, which are widely used in clinical CTG monitoring. Moreover, the existing digitization algorithms often neglect the image distortion caused by the imaging equipment. Methods To overcome the above drawbacks, a digitization method for CTG paper reports with binary background grids taken by smartphones is proposed in this paper. In the stage of removing the grid background, a region merger based on super-pixels and an improved binary line mask removal are designed. Then, signal extraction is performed separately according to the different states of the image column. Through a projection map used to synchronize the signal, the distortion effect of the mobile phone is removed. Results The experimental results show that the average correlation coefficient (ρ) between the recovery signal obtained by the proposed method and the reference signal is 0.9855±0.0108 for FHR and 0.9866 ± 0.1020 for UC, and the root mean square errors (RMSE) of FHR and UC processed by the proposed method are 1.0366 ± 0.4953 and 2.0355 ± 1.0246, and the mean absolute errors (MAE) of FHR and UC processed by the proposed method are 0.8735 ± 0.0684 and 1.4991 ± 0.2837, which are higher than those of the existing digitization methods. Compared with clinical signals, no significant difference is found in the feature of digitization CTG. Conclusion The proposed digitization method is a promising useful tool to realize the electronization of CTG signal.
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- 2019
408. Blotting Paper-Derived Activated Porous Carbon/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications
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Qinting Jiang, Tong Zhou, Jin Zhou, Bo Liu, and Dandan Liu
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Materials science ,Oxide ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Electrolyte ,biomass-derived activated carbon ,Electrochemistry ,Electric Capacitance ,reduced graphene oxide ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Specific surface area ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Biomass ,supercapacitor ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Electrodes ,Supercapacitor ,Graphene ,Carbonization ,Organic Chemistry ,Temperature ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Charcoal ,Molecular Medicine ,Graphite ,Porosity ,Algorithms ,Activated carbon ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A facile strategy, engineered for low-cost mass production, to synthesize biomass-derived activated carbon/reduced graphene oxide composite electrodes (GBPCs) by one-pot carbonization of blotting papers containing graphene oxide (GO) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) was proposed. Benefitting from the water absorption characteristic of blotting papers in which the voids between the celluloses can easily absorb the GO/ZnCl2 solution, the chemical activation and reduction of GO can synchronously achieve via one-step carbonization process. As a result, the GBPCs deliver a large specific surface area to accumulate charge. Simultaneously, it provides high conductivity for electron transfer. The symmetric supercapacitor assembled with the optimal GBPCs in 6 M KOH electrolyte exhibits an excellent specific capacitance of 204 F g&minus, 1 (0.2 A g&minus, 1), outstanding rate capability of 100 F g&minus, 1 (20 A g&minus, 1). Meanwhile, it still keeps 90% of the initial specific capacitance over 10,000 cycles. The readily available raw material, effective chemical activation, simple rGO additive, and resulting electrochemical properties hold out the promise of hope to achieve low-cost, green, and large-scale production of practical activated carbon composite materials for high-efficiency energy storage applications.
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- 2019
409. Teaching programming to millennials, from paper to digital
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Jairo Enrique Serrano Castañeda, Gloria Isabel Bautista Lasprilla, and Yuranis Henriquez Nunez
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Multimedia ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Study methodology ,Teaching ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,computer.software_genre ,Quick start ,0502 economics and business ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Programming ,Python Computer Science Engineering ,050211 marketing ,Social media ,The Internet ,business ,0503 education ,computer ,Algorithms - Abstract
In this article we show the development process to create a programming course for the first-year students. These young people are very prompt to be influenced by technology, they are constantly immersed in smartphones, connected 24/7. This raises the question; how can we interest a well-connected student to learn programming? Some years ago, we used to have paper and pencil to teach ”algorithms” while trying to bring a quick start to programming activities on basic science and engineering. Nowadays this approach is not viable, we need to use the same tools and platforms used by the students to access social media and the Internet in general, we need to use the computer directly to show them a programming language and simple tools for development. This paper describes the main goal of this course, bring the tools a student needs from simple to complex stage, based in case study methodology. In the first sessions, students are being monitored and guided by the teacher at all times. Later on, and progressively reaching the end of the course, the students will have less time with the teachers and more independence in order to develop self-learning skills.
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- 2019
410. 基于子空间多尺度特征融合的试卷语义分割.
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夏源祥, 刘 渝, 楚程钱, 万永菁, and 蒋翠玲
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PYRAMIDS ,ALGORITHMS ,HANDWRITING ,CLASSIFICATION ,SUBSPACES (Mathematics) - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of East China University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of East China University of Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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411. Review on various detectors in massive MIMO technology: a performance analysis
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V.M., Manju and R.S., Ganesh
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- 2023
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412. Paper Bag Escapology Using Particle Swarm Optimisation.
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BUONTEMPO, FRANCES
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PAPER bags ,ESCAPES (Amusements) ,PARTICLE swarm optimization ,SWARM intelligence ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
The article discusses how to program one's way out of a paper bag without needing an up-front model which require a believable model over the situation. It examines the integration of particle swarm optimisations in swarm intelligence algorithms that allow to collaborate solutions to a problem for a better solution. It explores on the value to solve another problem rather than spatial points.
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- 2014
413. Physics driven behavioural clustering of free-falling paper shapes.
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Howison, Toby, Hughes, Josie, Giardina, Fabio, and Iida, Fumiya
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PHYSICS , *SET functions , *MACHINE learning , *PHENOMENOLOGICAL theory (Physics) , *CONTINUUM mechanics - Abstract
Many complex physical systems exhibit a rich variety of discrete behavioural modes. Often, the system complexity limits the applicability of standard modelling tools. Hence, understanding the underlying physics of different behaviours and distinguishing between them is challenging. Although traditional machine learning techniques could predict and classify behaviour well, typically they do not provide any meaningful insight into the underlying physics of the system. In this paper we present a novel method for extracting physically meaningful clusters of discrete behaviour from limited experimental observations. This method obtains a set of physically plausible functions that both facilitate behavioural clustering and aid in system understanding. We demonstrate the approach on the V-shaped falling paper system, a new falling paper type system that exhibits four distinct behavioural modes depending on a few morphological parameters. Using just 49 experimental observations, the method discovered a set of candidate functions that distinguish behaviours with an error of 2.04%, while also aiding insight into the physical phenomena driving each behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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414. Review Paper: Methods of measurement for 4D seismic post‐stack time shifts.
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MacBeth, Colin, Amini, Hamed, and Izadian, Saeed
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SEISMIC surveys , *TIME perception , *PARETO principle , *ALGORITHMS , *GOLGI apparatus - Abstract
The estimation of time‐lapse time shifts between two, or several, repeated seismic surveys has become increasingly popular over the past eighteen years. These time shifts are a reliable and informative seismic attribute that can relate to reservoir production. Correction for these time shifts or the underlying velocity perturbations and/or subsurface displacement in an imaging sense also permits accurate evaluation of time‐lapse amplitudes by attempting to decouple the kinematic component. To date, there are approximately thirty methods for time‐shift estimation described in the literature. We can group these methods into three main families of mathematical development, together with several miscellaneous techniques. Here we detail the underlying bases for these methods, and the acknowledged benefits and weaknesses of each class of method highlighted. We illustrate this review with a number of time‐lapse seismic examples from producing fields. No method is necessarily superior to the others, as its selection depends on ease of implementation, noise characteristics of the field data, and whether the inherent assumptions suit the case in question. However, cross‐correlation stands out as the algorithm of choice based on the Pareto principle and waveform inversion the algorithm delivering best resolution. This is a companion study to the previous review of time‐shift magnitudes and a discussion of their rock physics basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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415. Boris Johnson's 'mutant' planning algorithm could scar England for ever; A Dominic Cummings-influenced white paper throws land open to uncontrolled building -- but could spark a Tory revolt
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Algorithms ,Algorithm ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Byline: Simon Jenkins When Dominic Cummings stormed out of Downing Street earlier this month he left behind a time bomb more explosive than any pandemic recession or no-deal Brexit. Those [...]
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- 2020
416. Opening the black boxes: financial algorithms and multi-paradigmatic research in information technology
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Schinckus, Christophe, Gasparin, Marta, and Green, William
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- 2022
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417. Canadian Association of Radiologists White Paper on De-Identification of Medical Imaging: Part 1, General Principles
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Khaled El-Emam, Rebecca Bromwich, Emil Lee, Casey Hurrell, Andrea Lum, Mark Cicero, Bruce Gray, Jacob L. Jaremko, Lori Sheremeta, An Tang, Benoit Desjardins, William Parker, Flavie Lavoie-Cardinal, Marleine Azar, and Caroline Reinhold
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Diagnostic Imaging ,Canada ,Data management ,Best practice ,Lifelong learning ,Internet privacy ,Big data ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Machine Learning ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Artificial Intelligence ,Data Anonymization ,Health care ,Radiologists ,Medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Pseudonymization ,Societies, Medical ,business.industry ,De-identification ,General Medicine ,Data sharing ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,business ,Algorithms - Abstract
The application of big data, radiomics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in radiology requires access to large data sets containing personal health information. Because machine learning projects often require collaboration between different sites or data transfer to a third party, precautions are required to safeguard patient privacy. Safety measures are required to prevent inadvertent access to and transfer of identifiable information. The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) is the national voice of radiology committed to promoting the highest standards in patient-centered imaging, lifelong learning, and research. The CAR has created an AI Ethical and Legal standing committee with the mandate to guide the medical imaging community in terms of best practices in data management, access to health care data, de-identification, and accountability practices. Part 1 of this article will inform CAR members on principles of de-identification, pseudonymization, encryption, direct and indirect identifiers, k-anonymization, risks of reidentification, implementations, data set release models, and validation of AI algorithms, with a view to developing appropriate standards to safeguard patient information effectively.
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- 2020
418. A Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Student Performance in an Online Mathematics Game
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Lee, Ji-Eun, Jindal, Amisha, Patki, Sanika Nitin, Gurung, Ashish, Norum, Reilly, and Ottmar, Erin
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This paper demonstrates how to apply Machine Learning (ML) techniques to analyze student interaction data collected in an online mathematics game. We examined: (1) how different ML algorithms influenced the precision of middle-school students' (N = 359) performance prediction; and (2) what types of in-game features were associated with student math knowledge scores. The results indicated that the Random Forest algorithm showed the best performance in predicting posttest math knowledge scores among the seven algorithms employed. Out of 37 features included in the model, the validity of the students' first mathematical transformation was the most predictive of their math knowledge scores. Implications for game learning analytics and supporting students' algebraic learning are discussed based on the findings.
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- 2022
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419. Thermodynamic Analysis of Water Vapor Sorption Isotherms and Mechanical Properties of Selected Paper-Based Food Packaging Materials
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Jun Ho Lee and Jong-Whan Rhim
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Paper ,Surface Properties ,Entropy ,Enthalpy ,Analytical chemistry ,Permeability ,Adsorption ,Tensile Strength ,Vegetables ,Water content ,Mechanical Phenomena ,Paperboard ,Chromatography ,Moisture ,Chemistry ,Food Packaging ,Temperature ,Water ,Sorption ,Wood ,Steam ,Models, Chemical ,visual_art ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Thermodynamics ,Algorithms ,Kraft paper ,Water vapor ,Food Science - Abstract
Adsorption isotherms of 3 selected paper-based packaging materials, that is, vegetable parchment (VP) paper, Kraft paper, and solid-bleached-sulfate (SBS) paperboard, were determined at 3 different temperatures (25, 40, and 50 degrees C). The GAB isotherm model was found to fit adequately for describing experimental adsorption isotherm data for the paper samples. The monolayer moisture content of the paper samples decreased with increase in temperature, which is in the range of 0.0345 to 0.0246, 0.0301 to 0.0238, and 0.0318 to 0.0243 g water/g solid for the MG paper, the Kraft paper, and the SBS paperboard, respectively. The net isosteric heats of sorption (q(st)) for the paper samples decreased exponentially with increase in moisture content after reaching the maximum values of 18.51, 27.39, and 26.80 kJ/mol for the VP paper, the Kraft paper, and the SBS paperboard, respectively, at low-moisture content. The differential enthalpy and entropy of 3 paper samples showed compensation phenomenon with the isokinetic temperature of 399.7 K indicating that water vapor had been adsorbed onto the paper samples with the same mechanism. Depending on the paper material, tensile strength of paper samples was affected by moisture content.
- Published
- 2009
420. Dried plasma spots in the diagnosis of tuberculosis: IP-10 release assay on filter paper
- Author
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Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Jessica Diaz, Martine G. Aabye, José Maldonado, Morten Ruhwald, José Domínguez, Irene Latorre, Pernille Ravn, and Irene Mialdea
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Paper ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Adolescent ,Denmark ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Gastroenterology ,Cohort Studies ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Interferon-gamma ,Latent Tuberculosis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Antigens, Bacterial ,Latent tuberculosis ,Filter paper ,biology ,Spots ,Tuberculin Test ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Diagnostic algorithms ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Training cohort ,Chemokine CXCL10 ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,Original Article ,Female ,Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ,Interferon-gamma Release Tests ,business ,Algorithms - Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-γ release assays (IGRAs) are probably the most accurate tests for the detection of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but IGRAs are labour intensive and the transport of samples over longer distances is difficult. IFN-γ-induced protein (IP)-10 is expressed at 100-fold higher levels than IFN-γ, and IP-10 release assays have comparable performance to IGRAs. The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic potential of a novel IP-10 release assay based on dried plasma spots (DPS). The presence of IP-10 and IFN-γ was determined in plasma and in DPS by ELISA. Diagnostic algorithms for plasma and DPS tests for IP-10 were developed on a training cohort comprising 60 tuberculosis (TB) patients and 59 healthy controls. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed in a validation cohort comprising 78 TB patients and 98 healthy controls. Plasma was measured in Spain and DPS samples were sent to Denmark using the conventional postal service for analysis. IP-10 was readily detectable in both plasma and DPS, and correlation was excellent (r2 = 0.95). QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-TB) and IP-10 in DPS and plasma rendered comparable sensitivity (78%, 82% and 84%, respectively), specificity (100%, 97% and 97%, respectively) and indeterminate rates (p>0.55). The DPS-based IP-10 test has comparable diagnostic accuracy to the QFT-TB and samples can be sent via conventional mail over long distances for analysis without affecting the results.
- Published
- 2013
421. Data from Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Provide New Insights into Information Technology (Classification of Forensic Hyperspectral Paper Data Using Hybrid Spectral Similarity Algorithms)
- Subjects
Algorithms ,Algorithm ,Computers - Abstract
2022 FEB 1 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Information Technology Newsweekly -- Investigators publish new report on Information Technology. According to news reporting originating in Gjovik, [...]
- Published
- 2022
422. 基于项目模糊相似度的协同过滤推荐算法.
- Author
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王森, 陈莉, and 张洁
- Subjects
- *
FUZZY numbers , *FILTER paper , *ALGORITHMS , *MATRICES (Mathematics) , *FORECASTING , *MEMBERSHIP functions (Fuzzy logic) - Abstract
In view of the problem of fuzziness of rating and tag in traditional collaborative filtering algorithms,this paper used trapezoidal fuzzy number to describe the mapping relationship between rating and satisfaction.The algorithm considered the impact of sparseness of the rating,constructed a new trapezoidal fuzzy rating model to determine the similarity based on fuzzy rating,analyzed the degree of membership between the tag and the item,and constructed a fuzzy item-tag matrix to measure the similarity based on the degree of tag membership.Finally,it used the improved scoring prediction strategy to estimate the score.The experimental results on the MovieLens dataset show that the proposed algorithm improves the prediction accuracy while suppressing the cold start of the project,alleviating the problems of fuzziness and sparseness,which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
423. Automatic Paper-to-reviewer Assignment, based on the Matching Degree of the Reviewers.
- Author
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Li, Xinlian and Watanabe, Toyohide
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,ALGORITHMS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,INFORMATION technology ,INFORMATION theory - Abstract
Abstract: There are a number of issues which are involved with organizing a conference. Among these issues, assigning conference-papers to reviewers is one of the most difficult tasks. Assigning conference-papers to reviewers is automatically the most crucial part. In this paper, we address this issue of paper-to-reviewer assignment, and we propose a method to model the reviewers, based on the matching degree between the reviewers and the papers by combining a preference-based approach and a topic-based approach. We explain the assignment algorithm and show the evaluation results in comparison with the Hungarian algorithm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
424. An in situ surface defect detection method based on improved you only look once algorithm for wire and arc additive manufacturing
- Author
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Wu, Jun, Huang, Cheng, Li, Zili, Li, Runsheng, Wang, Guilan, and Zhang, Haiou
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
425. Evaluation of nursing adherence to a paper-based graduated continuous intravenous regular human insulin infusion algorithm
- Author
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Roland N. Dickerson, Gayle Minard, Jessica L. Johnson, George O. Maish, and Rex O. Brown
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Critical Illness ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Nurses ,Enteral administration ,Clinical Protocols ,Nursing ,Human insulin ,Humans ,Insulin ,Medicine ,Medical nutrition therapy ,Infusions, Intravenous ,Aged ,Glucose Metabolism Disorders ,Retrospective Studies ,Glycemic ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Adult patients ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Paper based ,Middle Aged ,Hypoglycemia ,Intensive Care Units ,Parenteral nutrition ,Hyperglycemia ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Clinical Competence ,Guideline Adherence ,Patient Safety ,business ,Algorithm ,Algorithms - Abstract
The use of continuous intravenous regular human insulin (RHI) infusion is often necessary to achieve glycemic control in critically ill patients. Because insulin is a high-risk medication owing to the potential for severe hypoglycemia, it is imperative that insulin infusion algorithms are designed to be safe, effective, and instructionally clear. The safety and efficacy of our intravenous RHI infusion algorithm protocol has been previously established (Nutrition 2008;24:536-45); however, the protocol violations by nursing personnel were not examined. The objective of this study was to assess nursing adherence to our RHI infusion algorithm.Continuous RHI infusion algorithm violations were retrospectively evaluated in adult patients admitted to a trauma intensive care unit who received concurrent continuous enteral and/or parenteral nutrition therapy and our algorithm for at least 3 d. Blood glucose (BG) monitoring was done every 1 to 2 h with the target BG at 70 to 149 mg/dL (3.9 to 8.3 mmol/L). Nursing adherence to the RHI infusion protocol was evaluated for each patient by comparing the adjustments in insulin infusion rates documented by the nursing personnel with the prescribed adjustments per our graduated continuous intravenous RHI infusion algorithm.A total of 4150 BG measurements necessitating the determination of the appropriate RHI dosage rate by nursing personnel in 40 patients occurred during the observational period. The target BG was achieved for a mean of 20 h/d and none of the patients had an episode of severe hypoglycemia (BG40 mg/dL or 2.2 mmol/L). The overall rate of algorithm violations was 12.1%. The algorithm violations accounted for a single episode of mild to moderate hypoglycemia (BG 40 to 60 mg/dL or 2.2 to 3.3 mmol/L) in 4 patients and 65 total episodes of hyperglycemia (BG ≥150 mg/dL or 8.3 mmol/L) in 18 patients.An adherence rate of nearly 90% is indicative of excellent nursing adherence compared with other published paper-based algorithms that examined protocol adherence. These data, combined with our previously published glycemic control data, indicate that this RHI infusion algorithm is an effective one for hyperglycemic trauma patients receiving continuous enteral and/or parenteral nutritional therapy.
- Published
- 2012
426. 'That's What Techquity Is': Youth Perceptions of Technological and Algorithmic Bias
- Author
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Coenraad, Merijke
- Abstract
Purpose: Computing technology is becoming ubiquitous within modern society and youth use technology regularly for school, entertainment and socializing. Yet, despite societal belief that computing technology is neutral, the technologies of today's society are rife with biases that harm and oppress populations that experience marginalization. While previous research has explored children's values and perceptions of computing technology, few studies have focused on youth conceptualizations of this technological bias and their understandings of how computing technology discriminates against them and their communities. This paper aims to examine youth conceptualizations of inequities in computing technology. Design/methodology/approach: This study analyzes a series of codesign sessions and artifacts partnering with eight black youth to learn about their conceptualizations of technology bias. Findings: Without introduction, the youth demonstrated an awareness of visible negative impacts of technology and provided examples of this bias within their lives, but they did not have a formal vocabulary to discuss said bias or knowledge of biased technologies less visible to the naked eye. Once presented with common technological biases, the youth expanded their conceptualizations to include both visible and invisible biases. Originality/value: This paper builds on the current body of literature around how youth view computing technology and provides a foundation to ground future pedagogical work around technological bias for youth.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
427. Matching Authors and Reviewers in Peer Assessment Based on Authors' Profiles
- Author
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Alkhalifa, Amal Khalifa, Devlin, Marie, and Alkhattabi, Mona
- Abstract
Aim/Purpose: To encourage students' engagement in peer assessments and provide students with better-quality feedback, this paper describes a technique for author-reviewer matching in peer assessment systems -- a Balanced Allocation algorithm. Background: Peer assessment concerns evaluating the work of colleagues and providing feedback on their work. This process is widely applied as a learning method to involve students in the progress of their learning. However, as students have different ability levels, the efficacy of the peer feedback differs from case to case. Thus, peer assessment may not provide satisfactory results for students. In order to mitigate this issue, this paper explains and evaluates an algorithm that matches the author to a set of reviewers. The technique matches authors and reviewers based on how difficult the authors perceived the assignment to be, and the algorithm then matches the selected author to a group of reviewers who may meet the author's needs in regard to the selected assignment. Methodology: This study used the Multiple Criteria Decision-Making methodology (MCDM) to determine a set of reviewers from among the many available options. The weighted sum method was used because the data that have been collected in user profiles are expressed in the same unit. This study produced an experimental result, examining the algorithm with a real collected dataset and mock-up dataset. In total, there were 240 students in the real dataset, and it contained self-assessment scores, peer scores, and instructor scores for the same assignment. The mock-up dataset created 1000 records for self-assessment scores. The algorithm was evaluated using focus group discussions with 29 programming students and interviews with seven programming instructors. Contribution: This paper contributes to the field in the following two ways. First, an algorithm using a MCDM methodology was proposed to match authors and reviewers in order to facilitate the peer assessment process. In addition, the algorithm used self-assessment as an initial data source to match users, rather than randomly creating reviewer -- author pairs. Findings: The findings show the accurate results of the algorithm in matching three reviewers for each author. Furthermore, the algorithm was evaluated based on students' and instructors' perspectives. The results are very promising, as they depict a high level of satisfaction for the Balanced Allocation algorithm. Recommendations for Practitioners: We recommend instructors to consider using the Balanced Allocation algorithm to match students in peer assessments, and consequently to benefit from personalizing peer assessment based on students' needs. Recommendation for Researchers: Several MCDM methods could be expanded upon, such as the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) if different attributes are collected, or the artificial neural network (ANN) if fuzzy data is available in the user profile. Each method is suitable for special cases depending on the data available for decision-making. Impact on Society: Suitable pairing in peer assessment would increase the credibility of the peer assessment process and encourage students' engagement in peer assessments. Future Research: The Balanced Allocation algorithm could be applied using a single group, and a peer assessment with random matching with another group may also be conducted, followed by performing a t-test to determine the impact of matching on students' performances in the peer assessment activity.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
428. New Paper By UK Competition Authority On Algorithms
- Subjects
United Kingdom. Competition and Markets Authority ,Foreclosure ,Algorithms ,Algorithm ,Business, international - Abstract
The UK Competition and Markets Authority ('CMA') published a paper in January setting out how algorithms are believed to harm consumers. The CMA distinguishes between direct harm to consumers ('personalisation' [...]
- Published
- 2021
429. The influence of memory, sample size effects, and filter paper material on online laser-based plant and soil water isotope measurements.
- Author
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Cui, Jiangpeng, Tian, Lide, Gerlein‐Safdi, Cynthia, and Qu, Dongmei
- Subjects
- *
ISOTOPES , *INFRARED spectroscopy , *CAVITY-ringdown spectroscopy , *ALGORITHMS , *FILTER paper - Abstract
Rationale The recent development of isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS) was quickly followed by the addition of online extraction and analysis systems, making it faster and easier to measure soil and plant water isotopes. However, memory and sample size effects limit the efficiency and accuracy of these new setups. In response, this study presents a scheme dedicated to estimating and eliminating these two effects. Methods Memory effect was determined by injecting two standard waters alternately. Each standard was injected nine times in a row and analyzed using induction module cavity ring-down spectroscopy (IM-CRDS). Memory coefficients were calculated using a new 'multistage jump' algorithm. Sample size effects were evaluated by injecting water volumes ranging from 1 μL to 6 μL. Finally, the influence of cellulose filter paper on the isotopic measurements, the memory, and the sample size effect was evaluated by comparing it with glass filter paper. Results Memory effects were detected for both δ18O and δ2H values, with the latter being stronger. Isotopic differences between replicates of the same plant or soil sample showed a clear decrease after memory correction. A small water volume effect was found only when the injected water volume was larger than 3 μL. However, while the correction method performed well for laboratory-made samples, it did not for field samples, due to the heterogeneity of the isotopic composition of the samples. Stronger memory and water volume effects were found for cellulose filter paper. Conclusions The memory coefficients and the water volume-isotope relationship improved the consistency and accuracy of both laboratory and field data. Our results indicate that cellulose filter paper may not be a suitable medium to measure standard waters and evaluate memory and water volume effects. Finally, a detailed correction and calibration protocol is suggested, along with notes on best practices to obtain good-quality IM-CRDS data. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
430. Management of ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction during the coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID ‐19) outbreak: Iranian'247' National Committees position paper on primary percutaneous coronary intervention
- Author
-
Sadeghipour, Parham, Talasaz, Azita H., Eslami, Vahid, Geraiely, Babak, Vojdanparast, Mohammad, Sedaghat, Mojtaba, Moosavi, Abouzar Fakhr, Alipour‐Parsa, Saeed, Aminian, Bahram, Firouzi, Ata, Ghaffari, Samad, Ghasemi, Massoud, Saleh, Davood Kazemi, Khosravi, Alireza, Kojuri, Javad, Noohi, Feridoun, Pourhosseini, Hamid, Salarifar, Mojtaba, Salehi, Mohamad Reza, Sezavar, Hashem, Shabestari, Mahmoud, Soleimani, Abbas, Tabarsi, Payam, Parsa, Amir Farhang Zand, and Abdi, Seifollah
- Subjects
Infection Control ,Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ,acute myocardial infarction/STEMI ,Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction ,General Medicine ,Iran ,Core Curriculum ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Algorithms ,thrombolytic therapy - Abstract
World Health Organization has designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a pandemic. During the past several weeks, a considerable burden has been imposed on the Iranian's healthcare system. The present document reviewed the latest evidence and expert opinion regarding the management of ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction during the outbreak of COVID‐19 and outlines a practical algorithm for it.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
431. 'Another fine mess': how the papers covered the exams fiasco U-turn; Now that the algorithm has finally been dropped, the blame game begins, as well as the search for university places Gavin Williamson seeks to blame Ofqual for exams debacle
- Subjects
Algorithms ,Journalistic ethics ,Algorithm ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Byline: Graham Russell Climbdowns, U-turns and calls for Gavin Williamson to resign resounded across Tuesday's front pages following the education secretary's apology for the exams algorithm fiasco that has marred [...]
- Published
- 2020
432. Short Keynote Paper: Mainstreaming Personalized Healthcare-Transforming Healthcare Through New Era of Artificial Intelligence
- Author
-
P W B Nanayakkara, Ketan Paranjape, Michiel Schinkel, Internal medicine, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Quality of Care, APH - Digital Health, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, and Graduate School
- Subjects
Lung Neoplasms ,Digital era ,Wearable computer ,Mainstreaming ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Deep Learning ,Health Information Management ,Artificial Intelligence ,Sepsis ,Health care ,Mainstream ,Humans ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Precision Medicine ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Modalities ,business.industry ,Liability ,Artificial Intelligence (AI) ,Genomics ,Computer Science Applications ,machine learning ,ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,personalized healthcare ,Artificial intelligence ,Personalized medicine ,business ,Algorithms ,Medical Informatics ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Medicine has entered the digital era, driven by data from new modalities, especially genomics and imaging, as well as new sources such as wearables and Internet of Things. As we gain a deeper understanding of the disease biology and how diseases affect an individual, we are developing targeted therapies to personalize treatments. There is a need for technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) to be able to support predictions for personalized treatments. In order to mainstream AI in healthcare we will need to address issues such as explainability, liability and privacy. Developing explainable algorithms and including AI training in medical education are many of the solutions that can help alleviate these concerns.
- Published
- 2020
433. Desert island papers-A life in variance parameter and quantitative genetic parameter estimation reviewed using 16 papers
- Author
-
Robin Thompson
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Mixed model ,Restricted maximum likelihood ,Scientific career ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Animals ,Statistics ,Computer software ,Animals ,Humans ,Inbreeding ,Mathematics ,Estimation ,Likelihood Functions ,Sheep ,Models, Genetic ,Estimation theory ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Variance (accounting) ,History, 20th Century ,040201 dairy & animal science ,030104 developmental biology ,Genetics, Population ,Linear Models ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Periodicals as Topic ,Algorithms ,Software - Abstract
I review my scientific career in terms of eight areas and 16 papers. The first two areas are associated with childhood. The other six are associated with residual maximum likelihood (REML), canonical transformation, inbreeding in selected populations, average information residual maximum likelihood (AIREML), the computer program ASReml and sampling-based estimation.
- Published
- 2018
434. Canadian Association of Radiologists White Paper on Ethical and Legal Issues Related to Artificial Intelligence in Radiology.
- Author
-
Jaremko, Jacob L., Azar, Marleine, Bromwich, Rebecca, Lum, Andrea, Alicia Cheong, Li Hsia, Gibert, Martin, Laviolette, François, Gray, Bruce, Reinhold, Caroline, Cicero, Mark, Chong, Jaron, Shaw, James, Rybicki, Frank J., Hurrell, Casey, Lee, Emil, and Tang, An
- Subjects
- *
ARTIFICIAL intelligence laws , *ACQUISITION of property , *ALGORITHMS , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *AUTONOMY (Psychology) , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *MEDICAL ethics , *MEDICAL practice , *MEDICAL specialties & specialists , *PRIVACY , *RADIOLOGISTS , *DATA security - Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) software that analyzes medical images is becoming increasingly prevalent. Unlike earlier generations of AI software, which relied on expert knowledge to identify imaging features, machine learning approaches automatically learn to recognize these features. However, the promise of accurate personalized medicine can only be fulfilled with access to large quantities of medical data from patients. This data could be used for purposes such as predicting disease, diagnosis, treatment optimization, and prognostication. Radiology is positioned to lead development and implementation of AI algorithms and to manage the associated ethical and legal challenges. This white paper from the Canadian Association of Radiologists provides a framework for study of the legal and ethical issues related to AI in medical imaging, related to patient data (privacy, confidentiality, ownership, and sharing); algorithms (levels of autonomy, liability, and jurisprudence); practice (best practices and current legal framework); and finally, opportunities in AI from the perspective of a universal health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
435. A Parameterization Approach for the Dielectric Response Model of Oil Paper Insulation Using FDS Measurements.
- Author
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Yang, Feng, Du, Lin, Yang, Lijun, Wei, Chao, Wang, Youyuan, Ran, Liman, and He, Peng
- Subjects
- *
DIELECTRICS , *HIGH voltages , *ALGORITHMS , *ELECTRIC capacity , *ELECTRIC potential - Abstract
To facilitate better interpretation of dielectric response measurements--thereby directing numerical evidence for condition assessments of oil-paper-insulated equipment in high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission systems--a novel approach is presented to estimate the parameters in the extended Debye model (EDM) using wideband frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS). A syncretic algorithm that integrates a genetic algorithm (GA) and the Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm is introduced in the present study to parameterize EDM using the FDS measurements of a real-life 126 kV oil-impregnated paper (OIP) bushing under different controlled temperatures. As for the uncertainty of the EDM structure due to variable branch quantity, Akaike's information criterion (AIC) is employed to determine the model orders. For verification, comparative analysis of FDS reconstruction and results of FDS transformation to polarization--depolarization current (PDC)/return voltage measurement (RVM) are presented. The comparison demonstrates good agreement between the measured and reconstructed spectroscopies of complex capacitance and tan δover the full tested frequency band (10-4 Hz-10³ Hz) with goodness of fit over 0.99. Deviations between the tested and modelled PDC/RVM from FDS are then discussed. Compared with the previous studies to parameterize the model using time domain dielectric responses, the proposed method solves the problematic matching between EDM and FDS especially in a wide frequency band, and therefore assures a basis for quantitative insulation condition assessment of OIP-insulated apparatus in energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
436. A natural language programming solution for executable papers.
- Author
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Veres, Sandor M and Adolfsson, J. Patrik
- Subjects
COMPUTER software execution ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,COMPUTER programming ,SCHOLARLY electronic publishing ,SOURCE code ,INTERNET publishing ,ALGORITHMS ,SCIENCE publishing - Abstract
Abstract: The paper describes a system for executable papers for publishers enabling them to reuse content and to generate further advances of science and engineering. The executable algorithmic descriptions within a paper are presented in natural language sentences and basic code, thereby making long term compatibility absolute. Authors are required to use publicly numerical libraries on the Internet or references to publications with executable papers. As used by authors the system automatically creates a web of algorithmic knowledge on the Internet. Novelty of new algorithms in publications can be evaluated by automated tools available to authors, reviewers and readers of scientific papers published. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
437. PrestigeRank: A new evaluation method for papers and journals.
- Author
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Su, Cheng, Pan, YunTao, Zhen, YanNing, Ma, Zheng, Yuan, JunPeng, Guo, Hong, Yu, ZhengLu, Ma, CaiFeng, and Wu, YiShan
- Subjects
EVALUATION ,PERIODICALS ,CITATION analysis ,CITATION networks ,ALGORITHMS ,MISSING data (Statistics) ,RANKING - Abstract
Abstract: This paper studies how missing data in the PageRank algorithm influences the result of papers ranking and proposes PrestigeRank algorithm on that basis. We make use of PrestigeRank to give the ranking of all papers in physics in the Chinese Scientific and Technology Papers and Citation Database (CSTPCD) published between 2004 and 2006. We compared PrestigeRank result with PageRank and citation ranking. We found PrestigeRank is significantly correlated with PageRank and citation counts. We also used paper citation networks to rank journals, and compared the result with that of journal citation networks. We proposed PR
sum , PRave , and compared both of them with citation counts and impact factor. It indicates PRsum , PRave can reflect journal''s authority favorably. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages, application scope and application prospects of PrestigeRank in the evaluation of papers and journals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
438. Steven Ramsay. Reading Machines: Toward an Algorithmic Criticism. Champaign IL: University of Illinois Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-252-03641-5 (Cloth) 978-0-252-07820-0 (Paper).
- Author
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Matt Schneider
- Subjects
Digital Humanities ,DH ,humanities computing ,Stephen Ramsay ,algorithmic criticism ,algorithms ,History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,AZ20-999 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
The Digital Humanities have attracted much attention as of late, including an increased concentration of DH-specific panels at the MLA conference, a focus in the MLA’s publication "Profession" (2011b), and a series of blog posts by Stanley Fish (2012a, 2012b). While this coverage has done much to expose scholars to the variety of the work being done in the digital humanities, the general sense of the digital humanities is still that it has more in common with the social sciences and computer sciences than the humanities, a sense that is apparent in popular articles like Fish’s blog posts (2012a,2012b) and Kathryn Schulz’s New York Times article “What is Distant Reading” (2011), and can even be felt to some degree when Johanna Drucker separates the digital humanities from speculative computing (2009 4-5). Data mining, database construction, and the development of visualisation tools require deep technological engagement, and appear entirely alien when compared to standard humanistic methods of enquiry.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
439. Exploring Evolutionary Technical Trends From Academic Research Papers.
- Author
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TENG-KAI FAN and CHIA-HUI CHANG
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,TEXT mining ,MACHINE learning ,ALGORITHMS ,INFORMATION retrieval ,INFORMATION science - Abstract
Technical terms are vital elements for understanding the techniques used in academic research papers, and in this paper, we use focused technical terms to explore technical trends in the research literature. The major purpose of this work is to understand the relationship between techniques and research topics to better explore technical trends. We define this new text mining issue and apply machine learning algorithms for solving this problem by (1) recognizing focused technical terms from research papers; (2) classifying these terms into predefined technology categories; (3) analyzing the evolution of technical trends. The dataset consists of 656 papers collected from well-known conferences on ACM. The experimental results indicate that our proposed methods can effectively explore interesting evolutionary technical trends in various research topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
440. Solid Insulation Drying of 110 kV Paper-Oil Instrument Transformers.
- Author
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Gavrilovs, Gerards and Vītoliņa, Sandra
- Subjects
ELECTRIC insulators & insulation ,ELECTRIC instrument transformers ,VACUUM circuit breakers ,ALGORITHMS ,DRYING ,ELECTRICAL engineering - Abstract
Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
441. Question similarity identification in automatic generation of test papers.
- Author
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WANG Yu-ying, CHEN zhen, and SU Xiao-hong
- Subjects
DATABASES ,AUTOMATION ,ALGORITHMS ,CONTROL theory (Engineering) ,MACHINE theory ,C# (Computer program language) - Abstract
To solve the problem of identifying similar questions in examination database, an algorithm for question similarity identification is proposed in this paper. By introducing domain words to the improvement of the word similarity model in HowNet, a model for question similarity identification is proposed to make the same or similar questions be identified and cut off automatically. This method improves the accuracy of identification compared with other methods. By combining merits of the random selection with those of the backtracking method, a new algorithm of generating papers automatically based on question similarity identification is proposed. It can guarantee the quality of papers. Test results show that the accuracy of question similarity identification of this method is 96% , which approaches to that of manual identification. This method can cut off similar questions not only of the same type, but also of different types. Finally, this method has been applied to the on-line examination of C programming language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
442. ITERATIVE ALGORITHMS FOR VARIATIONAL INCLUSIONS IN BANACH SPACES.
- Author
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ANSARI, QAMRUL HASAN, BALOOEE, JAVAD, and PETRUŞEL, ADRIAN
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BANACH spaces ,LIPSCHITZ continuity ,PAPER arts ,DIFFERENTIAL inclusions ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
The present paper is in two folds. In the first fold, we prove the Lipschitz continuity of the proximal mapping associated with a general strongly H-monotone mapping and compute an estimate of its Lipschitz constant under some mild assumptions imposed on the mapping H involved in the proximal mapping. We provide two examples to show that a maximal monotone mapping need not be a general H-monotone for a single-valued mapping H from a Banach space to its dual space. A class of multi-valued nonlinear variational inclusion problems is considered, and by using the notion of proximal mapping and Nadler's technique, an iterative algorithm with mixed errors is suggested to compute its solutions. Under some appropriate hypotheses imposed on the mappings and parameters involved in the multi-valued nonlinear variational inclusion problem, the strong convergence of the sequences generated by the proposed algorithm to a solution of the aforesaid problem is verified. The second fold of this paper investigates and analyzes the notion of Cn-monotone mappings defined and studied in [S.Z. Nazemi, A new class of monotone mappings and a new class of variational inclusions in Banach spaces, J. Optim. Theory Appl. 155(3)(2012) 785-795]. Several comments related to the results and algorithm appeared in the above mentioned paper are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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443. 多视图融合TextRCNN的论文自动推荐算法.
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杨秀璋, 武帅, 杨琪, 项美玉, 李娜, 周既松, and 赵小明
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CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,DEEP learning ,MACHINE learning ,AUTOMATIC classification ,ACCURACY of information ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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444. Automated analysis of pen-on-paper spirals for tremor detection, quantification, and differentiation.
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Rajan, Roopa, Anandapadmanabhan, Reghu, Nageswaran, Sharmila, Radhakrishnan, Vineeth, Saini, Arti, Krishnan, Syam, Gupta, Anu, Vishnu, Venugopalan Y., Pandit, Awadh K., Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Radhakrishnan, Divya M, Singh, Mamta Bhushan, Bhatia, Rohit, Srivastava, Achal, Kishore, Asha, and Padma Srivastava, M. V.
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STATISTICS ,RESEARCH ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANALYSIS of variance ,TASK performance ,HANDWRITING ,ACCELEROMETERS ,DYSTONIA ,MOVEMENT disorders ,TREMOR ,DRAWING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PARKINSON'S disease ,SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,DATA analysis software ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop an automated algorithm to detect, quantify, and differentiate between tremor using pen-on-paper spirals. METHODS: Patients with essential tremor (n = 25), dystonic tremor (n = 25), Parkinson’s disease (n = 25), and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 25) drew free-hand spirals. The algorithm derived the mean deviation (MD) and tremor variability from scanned images. MD and tremor variability were compared with 1) the Bain and Findley scale, 2) the Fahn–Tolosa–Marin tremor rating scale (FTM–TRS), and 3) the peak power and total power of the accelerometer spectra. Inter and intra loop widths were computed to differentiate between the tremor. RESULTS: MD was higher in the tremor group (48.9±26.3) than in HV (26.4±5.3; p < 0.001). The cut-off value of 30.3 had 80.9% sensitivity and 76.0% specificity for the detection of the tremor [area under the curve: 0.83; 95% confidence index (CI): 0.75, 0.91, p < 0.001]. MD correlated with the Bain and Findley ratings (rho = 0.491, p = 0 < 0.001), FTM–TRS part B (rho = 0.260, p = 0.032) and accelerometric measures of postural tremor (total power, rho = 0.366, p < 0.001; peak power, rho = 0.402, p < 0.001). Minimum Detectable Change was 19.9%. Inter loop width distinguished Parkinson’s disease spirals from dystonic tremor (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 54.6, 211.1), essential tremor (p = 0.003, 95% CI: 28.5, 184.9), or HV (p = 0.036, 95% CI: -160.4, -3.9). CONCLUSION: The automated analysis of pen-on-paper spirals generated robust variables to quantify the tremor and putative variables to distinguish them from each other. SIGNIFICANCE: This technique maybe useful for epidemiological surveys and follow-up studies on tremor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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445. The local structure of citation networks uncovers expert-selected milestone papers.
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Wang, Jingjing, Xu, Shuqi, Mariani, Manuel S., and Lü, Linyuan
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CITATION networks ,CITATION analysis ,KEY performance indicators (Management) ,ALGORITHMS ,TOPOLOGY - Abstract
• We compare the performance of global metrics and their local variants in the identification of expert-selected milestone papers on two distinct citation datasets. • We obtain a family of local variants of PageRank (LeaderRank) with a tunable degree of locality and find they can generate highly correlated scores with the scores by the original metrics. • The local variants of PageRank (LeaderRank) perform similarly well as the original global PageRank (LeaderRank) algorithms in the identification of seminal papers. • The local variants of PageRank (LeaderRank) perform significantly better than local metrics such as citation count, h-index and semi-local centrality. • Compared to network-based global metrics, the proposed local estimates provide a better trade-off between performance and computational efficiency. Recent works aimed to understand how to identify "milestone" scientific papers of great significance from large-scale citation networks. To this end, previous results found that global ranking metrics that take into account the whole network structure (such as Google's PageRank) outperform local metrics such as the citation count. Here, we show that by leveraging the recursive equation that defines the PageRank algorithm, we can propose a family of local impact metrics. Our results reveal that the obtained PageRank-based local metrics outperform the citation count and other local metrics in identifying the seminal papers. Compared with global metrics, these local metrics can reach similar performance in the identification of seminal papers in shorter computational time, without requiring the whole network topology. Our findings could help to better understand the nature of groundbreaking research from citation network analysis and find practical applications in large-scale data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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446. Findings in Cardiovascular Research Reported from R. Patil and Co-Researchers (Image digitization of discontinuous and degraded electrocardiogram paper records using an entropy-based bit plane slicing algorithm)
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Algorithms ,Cardiovascular research ,Electrocardiography ,Physical fitness ,Digitization ,Algorithm ,Health - Abstract
2018 AUG 25 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in Cardiovascular Research. According to news reporting out [...]
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- 2018
447. AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference, 11th, Orlando, FL, July 6-9, 1993, Technical Papers. Pts. 1 2
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- 1993
448. Didactic Strategies for the Understanding of the Kalman Filter in Industrial Instrumentation Systems
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Flórez C., Oscar D., Camargo L., Julián R., and Hurtado, Orlando García
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This paper presents an application of the Kalman filter in signal processing in instrumentation systems when the conditions of the environment generate a large amount of interference for the acquisition of signals from measurement systems. The unwanted interferences make important use of the instrumentation system resources and do not represent useful information under any aspect. A simulation is presented using the Matlab tool, which remarkably facilitates the information processing so that the corresponding actions are taken according to the information obtained, taking advantage of the current resources offered by the embedded systems and the required measurements are obtained with enough accuracy.
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- 2022
449. Specialized Content Knowledge of Pre-Service Teachers on the Infinite Limit of a Sequence
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Arnal-Palacián, Mónica and Claros-Mellado, Javier
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This paper analyses how pre-service teachers approach the notion of the infinite limit of a sequence from two perspectives: Specialized Content Knowledge and Advanced Mathematical Thinking. The aim of this study is to identify the difficulties associated with this notion and to classify them. In order to achieve this, an exploratory qualitative approach was applied using a sample of 12 future teachers. Among the results, we can affirm that pre-service teachers mainly use algorithmic procedures to solve tasks in which this type of limit is implicit, although they would consider a resolution that specifically involves the notion with an intuitive approach if they had to explain it to their students.
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- 2022
450. A Complicated Relationship: Examining the Relationship between Flexible Strategy Use and Accuracy
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Garcia Coppersmith, Jeannette and Star, Jon R.
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This study explores student flexibility in mathematics by examining the relationship between accuracy and strategy use for solving arithmetic and algebra problems. Core to procedural flexibility is the ability to select and accurately execute the most appropriate strategy for a given problem. Yet the relationship between strategy selection and accurate execution is nuanced and poorly understood. In this paper, this relationship was examined in the context of an assessment where students were asked to complete the same problem twice using different approaches. In particular, we explored (a) the extent to which students were more accurate when selecting standard or better-than-standard strategies, (b) whether this accuracy-strategy use relationship differed depending on whether the student solved a problem for the first time or the second time, and (c) the extent to which students were more accurate when solving algebraic versus arithmetic problems. Our results indicate significant associations between accuracy and all of these aspects--we found differences in accuracy based on strategy, problem type, and a significant interaction effect between strategy and assessment part. These findings have important implications both for researchers investigating procedural flexibility as well as secondary mathematics educators who seek to promote this capacity among their students.
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- 2022
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