Search

Five monolithic catalysts with low noble metal content were prepared by immerge method (Pt/gamma-Al2O3, Pt/La-Al2O3, Pt/YSZ-Al2O3, Pt+Pd/La-Al2O3 and Pd/La-Al2O3) and their activity measurements were carried out in a conventional fixed-bed flow reactor. The results show that La-Al2O3 can promote activity of the prepared catalysts and can decrease the complete conversion temperature of cooking fume. The Pt/La-Al2O3 catalyst has the highest activity and can be applied in wide range of gas hourly space velocity (GHSV). Some characterizations (XRD, TPR) were carried out with the objective to explain differences in catalytic behaviors. The prepared catalyst showed a great potential for application.

A series of oxidation experiments were carried out on these novel γ/γ′-strengthened cobalt-based alloys of the systems Co–9Al–10W and Co–9Al–10W–0.02X (X = La, Ce, Dy, Y) at 900 °C. The appropriate amounts’ addition of rare earth elements leads to improved oxidation properties at 900 °C, especially La elements show the best oxidation resistance (129.008 mg/cm2). However, the base Co–9Al–10W alloy shows the worst oxidation performance (151.544 mg/cm2). Multilayer oxide layers formed during the oxidation process, the outer were mainly CoO and Co3O4 oxides, and the middle layer contained complex oxides (containing Co, Al, and W). The inner layer consists of little discontinuous oxides, included few Al2O3 oxides. There existed a different crack width and the base alloy had the widest crack. Moreover, there exists a phase transformation (γ/γ′ to γ/Co3W) at the interface between oxide film and substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The oxidation of aluminium nanoparticles coupled with crystallisation of amorphous alumina shell is investigated through the thermogravimetric analyser and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) and the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The thermogravimetric (TG) curves show stepwise shapes with temperature increase and could be divided into four stages. The reaction at the second stage is complex, including the simultaneous crystallisation of amorphous alumina (am-Al2O3) and Al oxidation. The crystallisation of am-Al2O3promotes the reaction through generating fast diffusion channels, like micro-cracks and grain boundaries in the oxide shell to accelerate the ionic diffusion. An enhancement factor (freact), which follows a power-law formula with the crystallisation rate, is introduced to quantify the impact of crystallisation on reaction. With heating rate increase, the second stage of TG curves shifts to the high temperature regime and the total weight gain at the second stage decreases slowly. A crystallisation-reaction model is constructed to fit and predict the weight gain after derivation of diffusivities and crystallisation kinetics. Modelling indicates that with heating rate rise, the mass increment at the second stage of TG curves decreases owing to the reduced reaction time, although the reaction is accelerated. The shift of TG curve to higher temperature is due to the polymorphic phase transition. Actually the derived kinetics of the crystallisation of amorphous alumina indicates that the polymorphic phase transformation mechanism works mainly below the heating rate of 3 K s–1. At higher heating rate, the melting of Al takes place firstly and the crystallisation of am-Al2O3follows to enhance the ionic diffusion. Therefore, when the heating rate is fast during ignition or combustion, the Al nanoparticles undergo both the melting of Al and the polymorphic phase transition of am-Al2O3to accelerate the reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Ionic self-diffusion in the non-crystalline aluminum oxide is not well understood for the scarcity of experimental and simulation investigation. In this paper, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is employed to investigate the diffusion mechanism of Al cations and O anions in the vitreous Al 2 O 3 . According to the trajectories of ions, three moving modes are defined, including local vibration, fast jumping and slow collective moving. The collective motion is very important for the ionic diffusion in the vitreous configurations. The diffusion of O anions in vitreous Al 2 O 3 is greatly enhanced attributed to the collective moving between Al cations and O anions. If the Al cations are pinned, the oxygen diffusivity drops more than three orders. The collective motion also reduces the energy barrier of diffusion, thus resulting in the non-Arrhenius effect of temperature on diffusivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]