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[Display omitted] • Vanadium-based catalytic fibers were successfully prepared. • The optimal preparation method and carrier are sol–gel method and aluminum silicate fiber respectively. • The sample with a vanadium content of 5 wt% exhibits superior catalytic activity. • The total pressure drop of catalytic fibers and de-dust ceramic membranes was much lower than catalytic ceramic membranes. This work is dedicated to fabrication of catalytic fibers for the process of selective catalytic reduction of NO x by NH 3 (NH 3 -SCR). By employing vanadium-titanium as main catalytic components, we investigated the effect of different inorganic supports (glass fiber, aluminum silicate fiber and quartz fiber), preparation methods (a sol–gel method and a hydrothermal method) and loading weight of V 2 O 5 on the NH 3 -SCR performance of catalytic fibers. The catalytic aluminum silicate fiber with 5% vanadium/titanium ratio prepared by a sol–gel method (denoted as V5Ti/AF) showed the best SCR and mass transfer performance. Characterization results indicated that a relatively large surface area, strong acidity, well-dispersed catalyst particles, and good redox and desorption properties derived from the interaction between catalytic components and supports all contributed to the good performance of V5Ti/AF. The pressure drop of catalytic fibers were measured, and the total pressure drop of catalytic fibers and de-dust ceramic membranes was much lower than previously prepared catalytic ceramic membranes, indicating their potential use in the co-processing of dust and gaseous pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]