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Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a validated technique with satisfactory outcomes during 30 years of follow-up. The use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane for vertical augmentation has been studied extensively. However, studies have reported exposure rates of up to 31%, there is no consensus on the management of postoperative exposure. The objective of this study was to propose a management approach for postoperative exposure of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes in alveolar ridge reconstruction., Material and Method: An electronic search in PubMed Central's and additional electronic databases was performed. The search strategy was limited to human studies, full-text English or French articles published from 1990 until april 2023. The extracted data included defect location, membrane type, biomaterials, time to postoperative exposure, and Fontana classification stage. Protocol bias assessment was performed using an adaptation of the QUADAS-2 tool. This review has been registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023445497)., Results: A total of 43 articles were found to be eligible, and 11 of these met the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the results of this systematic review, an algorithm for the management of PTFE membrane exposure is proposed., Conclusion: Postoperative membrane exposure is not a determining factor for the success of bone grafting. In cases with postoperative complications, the majority of cases still achieved adequate implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. Lastly, this series of 11 articles was insufficient to draw conclusions regarding good practice recommendations. A larger series is required to validate the specific management approaches., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Oligodontia is a developmental dental anomaly defined by the absence of 6 or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. We performed a review with a systematic approach and proposed a guideline for the choice of the bone augmentation surgery. The different bone augmentation technique terms were searched in the PubMed and Science Direct database. Clinical studies were eligible if they reported on pre-implant surgery in patients with oligodontia. The database search yielded 400 studies after duplicates removed. Thirty studies were finally included, involving 410 patients. Sixty-three sinus lifts were performed in 37 patients with no failure. Thirteen out of 33 patients with iliac bone transplantation and two out of 24 with parietal bone transplantation had resorption, one out of 4 patients who received allogeneic bone block had complete failure. Seventy-eight patients underwent guided bone regeneration, none had bone loss. No failure was found with the alveolar distraction osteogenesis technique. Four out of thirteen patients developed permanent hypoesthesia after inferior alveolar nerve transposition. The cumulative implant survival rate was 94.4% after bone augmentation procedures. Extensive edentulous areas should be grafted with parietal bone, as iliac grafts present a greater risk of resorption. Smaller edentulous areas should be treated by endobuccal harvesting or guided bone regeneration. Osteogenesis distraction and nerve transposition are effective surgeries for medium-to-large mandibular edentulous spaces. The implant survival rate is not significantly different between implants placed in grafted and nongrafted bone, the appropriate choice of bone augmentation technique can reduce the risk of peri‑implant bone resorption., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Oligodontia demands multidisciplinary management due to its repercussions on dentofacial growth. To place implants to realize implant-borne fixed denture, preimplant surgery may be necessary if bone volumes are insufficient. Our aim was to assess bone increase following autogenic bone grafting and to discuss prosthetic options. Twenty patients followed for oligodontia, who underwent bone grafting, were treated from 2008 to 2019. Transversal and vertical bone levels were measured pre- and postoperatively to assess alveolar ridge augmentation. Mean horizontal grafting increase was 4.60 mm [standard deviation (SD) 0.79 mm], mean sinus lift increase was 9.95 mm (SD 2.35 mm). Mean implants placed per patient was 9, mean implants placed on grafted site was 5 per patient. Overall implant survival rate was 100%. All patients benefited from prosthetic procedures when it was planned to perform implant-borne fixed dentures. Within the framework of a complete treatment plan (involving paediatric dentistry, dentofacial orthopaedics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and prosthodontics), autologous bone grafting combined or not with orthognathic surgery is fully adapted to patients with oligodontia. It allows reconstruction of favourable bone volumes for placement of implants to realize implant-borne fixed dentures, with high implant survival rates and great improvements to quality of life., (Copyright © 2021 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Functional and aesthetic treatments are challenging when ensuring maintain long-term successful prosthetic rehabilitation after alveolar ridge resorption of the anterior maxilla. The goal of this case series was to evaluate implant success rate, prosthetic stability and patient satisfaction in patients treated by onlay bone grafting in atrophic premaxilla. Nineteen patients treated for severe atrophic anterior maxilla by reconstruction using onlay bone grafting and implant restoration between 2002 and 2012 were examined. The surgical procedure was designed to allow the insertion of 49 endosseous implants in the grafted anterior maxillae. Bone resorption and implant success rate were retrospectively evaluated after a follow-up period of 5 years (from 5 to 15 years) subsequent to reconstruction. A questionnaire was the medium used to evaluate patient satisfaction and highlight functional and aesthetic outcomes. The bone grafting success rate was 74%. None of the grafted bones were reported to be infected. Four implants were removed. Implant survival rate was 91.8% after 8.9 years. The permanent reconstruction was fixed in 74% of the cases and removable in 26%. The level of patient satisfaction reported was 6.5/7. In conclusion, his study suggests that onlay bone grafting can be considered a predictable technique for rehabilitation in atrophic premaxilla. The procedure has a high implant survival rate, acceptable bone resorption over time, and promotes graft stability for longterm prosthetic fixation, thereby increasing patient satisfaction.

Purpose: For a century, autologous bone grafts have been used in maxillofacial reconstruction. The ideal bone harvest site and grafting procedure remains a point of contention in regards to obtaining optimal long-term results with sufficient bone quantity and density without serious complications. More recently, confronted with growing patient requests and biomaterials development, maxillofacial surgeons and dentists have been considering these issues as they relate to pre-implant surgery. This study sought to evaluate implant success rate and complications following pre-implant surgery with parietal bone grafting., Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on patients who underwent maxillofacial reconstruction of different sites (symphysis, mandibular corpus, maxillary sinus and premaxilla) for the purpose of implant insertion., Results: 311 procedures in 211 patients were included. The implant osseointegration rate was around 95%. Clinical follow-up ranged from 10 months to 11 years. A secondary procedure was performed in 6.1% of cases and we noted no serious complications at the harvest site., Discussion: With good revascularization and osseointegration of the graft, the use of parietal bone leads to an implant success rate similar to that seen in the literature. Moreover, the use of this material results in few infections and low bone resorption provided there is strict immobilization of the graft and no tension on the soft tissue sutures., Conclusion: Parietal bone grafts technique possess the required qualities for the success of implant surgery, offering results at least as interesting as others using autogenous bone and with no serious complications on donor site., (Copyright © 2016 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Long standing maxillary edentulism leads to alveolar ridge resorption which prevent implant placement and causes prosthetic malocclusion. The aim of the study was to assess vertical and transversal bone increase following Le Fort 1 osteotomy associated with calvarial bone grafting., Materials and Methods: 66 patients who presented severely atrophic maxillae were treated with Le Fort 1 osteotomy with bone grafting from 2003 to 2014. Vertical and transversal bone level was measured preoperatively and 6 months post-operatively to calculate the alveolar ridge augmentation. Follow up ranged from 10 months to 11 years., Results: The mean increase of bone height was 9.3 mm and the mean increase of bone width was 6 mm 417 endosseous implants were placed in the grafted maxilla. Mean endosseous implant length was of 10.7 mm at the first molar site (range: 8-16 mm). A total of 25 implants failed, the overall implant survival rate is of 94%. The definitive prosthetis was fixed in 65% of the patients and removable in 35% of the patients., Discussion: Le Fort 1 osteotomy associated with calvarial bone grafting is the main treatment option able to offer fixed bridge and perfect class 1 occlusion in cases of severe maxillary atrophy., (Copyright © 2016 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: We present a reconstruction technique for atrophied maxilla which combines a Le Fort I osteotomy and calvarial bone grafting. This retrospective study was carried out to evaluate bone volume increase and the possibility to insert dental implants., Patients and Methods: Bone volume increase was assessed in 56 patients using preoperative and 6-month postoperative computed axial tomography (CAT). The implant rate success and the type of prosthesis were evaluated., Results: The average increase at the first molar level was 10.2mm vertically and 8.2mm transversally. No infection was reported. The implant success rate was 97.9% and a prosthetic rehabilitation was performed in all patients (55% with removable bar-supported prostheses, and 45% with fixed prostheses)., Discussion: The technique is adapted to atrophied maxilla reconstruction for dental implant rehabilitation. The implant success rate was similar to that of other bone augmentation techniques.