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Background: Dementia risk reduction is a public health priority and general practitioners (GPs) play a pivotal role in preventative healthcare. Therefore, risk assessment tools should be designed with GPs' preferences and perspectives in mind. Objective: The LEAD! GP project aimed to investigate Australian GPs' preferences and perspectives relating to design, use and implementation of a new risk assessment tool that simultaneously calculates risk for four outcomes— dementia, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarct, and stroke. Methods: A mixed methods study using semi-structured interviews of a diverse group of 30 Australian GPs was conducted. Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically. Demographics and questions that elicited categorical answers were analyzed descriptively. Results: Overall, GPs felt that preventative healthcare was important with some finding it rewarding, and others finding it difficult. GPs currently use many risk assessment tools. GPs' perception of the usefulness and negatives/barriers of tools related to clinical practice applicability, patient engagement, and practical aspects. The largest barrier was lack of time. GPs responded positively to the concept of a four-in-one tool and preferred it to be relatively short, supported by practice nurses and some patient involvement, linked to education resources, available in different formats, and integrated into practice software. Conclusion: GPs recognize the importance of preventative healthcare and the potential benefit of a new tool that simultaneously predicts risk for those four outcomes. Findings provide important guidance to inform the final development and piloting of this tool with potential to improve efficiency and practical integration of preventative healthcare for dementia risk reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People experiencing cognitive concerns and symptoms of depression or anxiety are at risk for Alzheimer's disease and dementia. We know physical activity can benefit cognition but understanding how to best support engagement is an ongoing challenge. Evidence-based conceptual models of factors underpinning physical activity engagement in target populations can inform intervention tailoring to address this challenge. Objective: This study (part of a pragmatic physical activity implementation trial) aimed to develop a specified model of physical activity engagement in people experiencing depressive or anxiety symptoms and cognitive concerns, to enable optimized dementia risk reduction intervention tailoring. Methods: We employed a qualitative design, triangulating data from three sources: semi-structured individual interviews with people experiencing cognitive concerns and mild to moderate depressive or anxiety symptoms; review of published evidence; and the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation system of behavior, an existing behavioral science model. Findings were integrated to develop a contextualized model of mechanisms of action for optimizing engagement. Results: Twenty-one participants were interviewed, and 24 relevant papers included. Convergent and complementary themes extended understanding of intervention needs. Findings highlighted emotional regulation, capacities to enact intentions despite barriers, and confidence in existing skills as areas of population-specific need that have not previously been emphasized. The final model provides specificity, directionality, and linked approaches for intervention tailoring. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that people experiencing cognitive concerns and symptoms of depression or anxiety require different interventions to improve physical activity engagement. This novel model can enable more precise intervention tailoring, and, ultimately, benefits for a key at-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]