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This work, investigated the effect of selenium (Se) on foxtail millet. The results showed that foliar sodium selenite (Na 2 SeO 3) applied at critical growth stages significantly improved the Se content of millet. The application of 120 g hm−2 Na 2 SeO 3 led to a 9.8-fold increase in selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys 2) in the millet. While Se treatment elevated the K and Fe content in the millet. Proteomic analysis using relative quantification was performed on millet during the harvest stage. A comparison between Se-enriched millet and the control group, identified 123 differentially expressed proteins. The proteins involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were the most profoundly affected by Se treatment. The results provided necessary information about the Se response in foxtail millet at the proteome level, which could be useful for analyzing the Se response pathway and producing Se-enriched foxtail millet in the future. Image 1 • SeMet and SeCys 2 were detected in foxtail millet. • Foliar spraying of selenite increased Se content (SeMet + SeCys 2) in foxtail millet. • Se treatment affected K and Fe content in foxtail millet. • 123 differentially expressed proteins were identified by proteomic. • Carbohydrate metabolism and amino acids metabolism were affected by Se treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artesunate was well known as an antimalarial drug. Our previous research found that it has hypolipidemia effects in rabbits fed with a high-fat diet, especially combined with ursolic acid. In this study, we reconfirmed the lipid-lowering effect of artesunate and ursolic acid in hamsters and analyzed the metabolic changes using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF MS). Compared with the model group, a variety of different metabolites of artesunate and ursolic acid, alone or in combination, were found and confirmed. These differential metabolites, including fatty acids, lipids, and amino acids, were involved in lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. It indicated that two agents of artesunate and ursolic acid could attenuate or normalize the metabolic transformation on these metabolic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]