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The study presents a climatology of aerosol composition concentration obtained by a recently developed GRASP/Component (GRASP stands for the Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties algorithm) approach applied to the whole archive of POLDER-3 observations. The conceptual specific of the GRASP/Component approach is in direct retrieval of aerosol speciation (component fraction) without an intermediate retrievals of aerosol optical characteristics. Despite a global validation of the derived aerosol component product is challenging, the results obtained are in line with general knowledge about aerosol types in different regions. In addition, we compare the GRASP derived black carbon and dust components with those of the MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2) product. Quite reasonable general agreement in spatial and temporal distribution of the species provided by GRASP and MERRA-2 was found, the differences however appeared in regions known for strong biomass burning and dust emissions; the reasons for the discrepancies are discussed. The other derived components, such as concentration of absorbing (black carbon, brown carbon, iron oxides content in mineral dust) and scattering (ammonium sulphate and nitrate, organic carbon, non-absorbing dust) aerosol, represent scarce but imperative information for validation and potential adjustment of chemical transport models. The aerosol optical properties derived by GRASP/Component were found to agree well with the AERONET ground reference data and fully consistent with the previous GRASP Optimized, High Precision and Models retrieval versions applied to POLDER-3 data. Thus, the presented extensive climatology product provides an opportunity for understanding variabilities and trends in global and regional distributions of aerosol species. The climatology of the aerosol components obtained in addition to the aerosol optical properties provides additional valuable, qualitatively new inside about aerosol distributions and, therefore, demonstrates advantages of multi-angular polarimetric satellite observations as the next frontier for aerosol inversion from advanced satellite observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]