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This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of gabapentin as an adjuvant for postoperative pain management in dogs. Twenty dogs undergoing mastectomy were randomized to receive perioperative oral placebo or gabapentin (10 mg/kg). All dogs were premedicated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg) and morphine (0.3 mg/ kg). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg/kg) intravenously and maintained with isoflurane. Intravenous meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) was administered preoperatively. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated for 72 hr. Rescue analgesia was provided with intramuscular morphine (0.5 mg/kg). Dogs in the Placebo group received significantly more morphine doses than the Gabapentin group (P=0.021), despite no significant differences in pain scores. Perioperative gabapentin reduced the postoperative morphine requirements in dogs after mastectomy.

This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Arnica montana 12CH comparatively to ketoprofen in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Sixteen female dogs were randomly distributed in two groups of eight animals and received 1mg kg' of ketoprofen (TC) and 5 globules of Arnica Montana I2CH (TA) by oral route. After 60 minutes, the dogs were sedated with acepromazine (0.05mg kg-1, IV), followed by anesthetic induction with propofol (5mg kg-1 IV) and maintained with isoflurane. Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, arterial blood gases, serum cortisol concentration and degree of analgesia and inflammation were measured. Additional morphine (0.5mg kg-1 IM) was given when the analgesia was insufficient. Statistical analyses were performed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (P<0.05). Cardiopulmonary stability was observed in both treatments during the surgery. The degree of analgesia and inflammation did not differ between groups. Rescue analgesia was administered to two dogs from each group. It was concluded that Arnica montana 12CH provides similar analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects when compared with ketoprofen, suggesting that this treatment is a safe and effective option to dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was compare the cardiopulmonary, analgesic and sedative effects of different doses of tramadol in bitches undergoing to ovariohysterectomy. Twenty four adult crossbreed bitches were randomly assigned to three treatments of 8 animals and received intravenously (IV) tramadol 1, 2 or 4mg kg-1 (T1, T2 and T4, respectively). Pre-anesthetic medication was acepromazine (0.05mg kg-1 IV). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (4mg kg-1 IV) and maintained with isoflurane delivered in oxygen. Tramadol was administered 5 minutes before surgical incision in all groups. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, systolic blood pressure, degree of analgesia and sedation, serum cortisol concentration and adverse effects were measured. Mild changes were observed in cardiopulmonary variables in all treatments. The pain score was lower in T4 in the 3rd hour after surgery in relation to other treatments. Sedation degree was not different among the treatments. The serum cortisol did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, different doses of tramadol promoted similar analgesic effects, with mild sedative and cardiopulmonary effects. However, high incidence of vomiting was observed with tramadol at 4mg kg-1 in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satisfactory analgesia has been related with epidural 2 adrenoceptor agonists in combination with local anesthetics. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects of lidocaine or lidocaine-clonidine epidural injections in healthy dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to two groups of six animals each. The L group received lidocaine (5mg kg-1 L) and the C group lidocaine plus clonidine (10μg kg-1 C). Preanaesthetic medication was carried out with acepromazine (0.05mg kg-1 IV). Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane by facial mask for epidural injection. Heart rate (HH), electrocardiography (ECG), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), rectal temperature (RT), blood gases, duration of anesthesia and sensitive block level were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA, Tukey test and paired t test. There was a decrease of HR at 15, 30 and 45 minutes after epidural injection in C group when compared with L group. Cardiac dysrhythmias did not observe in both treatments. The variables, SAP, RR, RT and blood gases did not differ between treatments. Duration of anesthesia was 71±13 and 75±26 minutes to L and C treatment, respectively, without difference between groups. The maximal extension of sensitive block was the fourth lumbar vertebra and the tenth thoracic vertebra in L and C treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of clonidine to lidocaine in epidural anesthesia allowed more cranial sensory block in relation to the isolated use of local anesthetic, however, it produced bradycardia and did not prolong the duration of anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]