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The article discusses how to turn a spreadsheet into a delta-sigma modulator (DSM). It explores the use of a spreadsheet model in understanding a DSM. The process for building the model is detailed which involves column A containing the sample number for each row, column B containing the inputs for each row and column C containing the accumulator values for each row. Other areas of the model mentioned include the input of zero, initial accumulator value of 0.01 and rising edges.

The article focuses on dithering in mixed signals. When a triangular dither with peak-to-peak amplitude of atleast one least significant bit (LSB) is added to a signal, the average of quantized signal becomes equal to the original signal value. Mixing two frequencies into analog-to-digital converter's (ADC) filter provides inexpensive source of dither. One type of dithering allows higher frequency dither with just single dither register in all digital-to-analog converters (DACs).

The article discusses the practicability of integrating delta-sigma modulation with the dual-slope analog-to-digital converter (ADC). It cites the integration of the ADC technique is very useful for industrial applications, wherein many 60-Hz power present in signals can be measured. It notes that the dual-slope integration can function with 20 to 24 bits of resolution. However, it discusses several limitations of a dual-slope ADC integration, including comparator sensitivity, comparator response time and dielectric absorption.