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Author(s): Ismail Tarhan [sup.1] , Seküre Çelikten [sup.1] , Hafize Merve Kestek [sup.1] , Murat Türkteki [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.17242.32, 0000 0001 2308 7215, Selçuk University, Faculty of Science, [...], In this study, parameters of an acid-catalyzed direct extraction methylation method used for the determination of low-level lipid residues in the ceramic artifacts were investigated and optimized as a result of chemometric modeling techniques that enable comprehensive statistical data to be obtained with fewer analyses in the optimization studies. For this purpose, 25 amorphous unglazed ceramic artifacts found during the 1996-2021 excavations at the Küllüoba Höyük archaeological site were subjected to lipid residue determination. The ceramic samples extracted by the proposed method were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the lipid residues present in them were determined. According to the obtained fatty acid composition results, it can be said that the lipid residues in the analyzed ceramics are of both animal and plant origin. The ceramic artifact with the highest lipid residue concentration was selected, and the parameters of the extraction method were examined using the chemometric models. According to the response surface methodology, the extraction time and temperature should be high as long as the experimental conditions and environment allow for the extraction of the lipid residues in the ceramic artifacts, and the silylation process has a limited positive effect on the yield, but the extraction with methanol can be achieved successfully when the silylation process is not performed.

Introduction The trophic transfer of highly nutritious lipids from phytoplankton to predators through small herbivores is essential for maintaining oceanic ecosystem dynamics (Lee et al., 2006). The calanoid copepods Calanus [...], Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis are keystone zooplankton species in North Atlantic and Arctic marine ecosystems because they form a link in the trophic transfer of nutritious lipids from phytoplankton to predators on higher trophic levels. These calanoid copepods spend several months of the year in deep waters in a dormant state called diapause, after which they emerge in surface waters to feed and reproduce during the spring phytoplankton bloom. Disruption of diapause timing could have dramatic consequences for marine ecosystems. In the present study, Calanus C5 copepodites were collected in a Norwegian fjord during diapause and were subsequently experimentally exposed to the water-soluble fraction of a naphthenic North Sea crude oil during diapause termination. The copepods were sampled repeatedly while progressing toward adulthood and were analyzed for utilization of lipid stores and for differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Our results indicate that water-soluble fraction exposure led to a temporary pause in lipid catabolism, suggested by (i) slower utilization of lipid stores in water-soluble fraction-exposed C5 copepodites and (ii) more genes in the [beta]-oxidation pathway being downregulated in water-soluble fraction-exposed C5 copepodites than in the control C5 copepodites. Because lipid content and/or composition may be an important trigger for termination of diapause, our results imply that the timing of diapause termination and subsequent migration to the surface may be delayed if copepods are exposed to oil pollution during diapause or diapause termination. This delay could have detrimental effects on ecosystem dynamics.

Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), inclusive of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD consists of a dysregulated [...], Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) total knockout and myeloid knockout (MKO) mice develop Crohn's-like intestinal inflammation when fed cholate-containing high-fat diet (CCHF). We demonstrated that CCHF impaired intestinal barrier function and increased translocation of endotoxin, initiating TLR/MyD88-dependent inflammation in Cox2-KO but not WT mice. Cox2MKO increased proinflammatory mediators in LPS-activated macrophages, and in the intestinal tissue and plasma upon CCHF challenge. Cox2-MKO also reduced inflammation resolving lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in intestinal tissue, whereas administration of an LXA4 analog rescued disease in Cox2-MKO mice fed CCHF. The apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) mimetic 4F mitigated disease in both the Cox2-MKO/CCHF and piroxicam-accelerated [Il10.sup.-/-] models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and reduced elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators in tissue and plasma. APOA1 mimetic Tg6F therapy was also effective in reducing intestinal inflammation in the Cox2-MKO/CCHF model. We further demonstrated that APOA1 mimetic peptides (a) inhibited LPS and oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine-dependent (oxPAPC-dependent) proinflammatory responses in human macrophages and intestinal epithelium, and (b) directly cleared proinflammatory lipids from mouse intestinal tissue and plasma. Our results support a causal role for proinflammatory and inflammation-resolving lipids in IBD pathology and a translational potential for APOA1 mimetic peptides for the treatment of IBD.

Introduction Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and associated proteins synthesized by alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells in the peripheral lung. Surfactant is required at birth and throughout [...], Adaptation to respiration at birth depends upon the synthesis of pulmonary surfactant, a lipid-protein complex that reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli and prevents lung collapse during the ventilatory cycle. Herein, we demonstrated that the gene encoding a subunit of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex, EMC3, also known as TMEM111 (Emc3/Tmem111), was required for murine pulmonary surfactant synthesis and lung function at birth. Conditional deletion of Emc3 in murine embryonic lung epithelial cells disrupted the synthesis and packaging of surfactant lipids and proteins, impaired the formation of lamellar bodies, and induced the unfolded protein response in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells. EMC3 was essential for the processing and routing of surfactant proteins, SP-B and SP-C, and the biogenesis of the phospholipid transport protein ABCA3. Transcriptomic, lipidomic, and proteomic analyses demonstrated that EMC3 coordinates the assembly of lipids and proteins in AT2 cells that is necessary for surfactant synthesis and function at birth.

In Canada, over half of children between 6 months and 5 years of age spend close to 30 hours a week in childcare centres (CCs). (1) Children attending these centres [...], OBJECTIVES: Childcare centres (CCs) typically offer one meal and snacks daily. This study compared what is served in CCs with what the nutriti recommendations are; described and compared the nutritional composition of lunches served in CCs in New Brunswick and Saskatchewan; and examin differences between French and English, and urban and rural centres. METHODS: The study involved 61 randomly selected CCs in New Brunswick and Saskatchewan, Canada. Lunch content was measured on two consecutive days by weighing each food item served to children and by visually documenting the food items using digital photography. Food items were categ into food groups according to Health Canada's Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide, and nutrients were analyzed using a nutritional analysis s sample t tests compared lunch content with nutritional recommendations. Independent t tests compared the nutrient and food group content of lu New Brunswick and Saskatchewan, French and English, and urban and rural CCs. RESULTS: On average, CCs did not meet provincial recommendations. Lunches in both provinces were low in calories ( CONCLUSIONS: Few CC lunches met nutritional recommendations. Interventions are required to improve the quality of foods offered in CCs. Review developing comprehensive nutrition guidelines is warranted. KEY WORDS: Child day care centers; food quality; lunch; nutritional value OBJECTIFS : Les centres de la petite enfance (CPE) offrent generalement un repas par jour et des collations. Dans cette etude, nous avons : compare ce qui est servi dans les CPE aux recommandations nutritionnelles; decrit et compare la composition nutritionnelle des dejeuners servis dans les CPE au Nouveau-Brunswick et en Saskatchewan; et examine les differences entre les centres francophones et anglophones, urbains et ruraux. METHODE : Ont participe a l'etude 61 CPE selectionnes au hasard au Nouveau-Brunswick et en Saskatchewan, au Canada. Le contenu des dejeuners a ete mesure deux jours de suite en pesant chaque produit alimentaire servi aux enfants et en consignant visuellement les produits alimentaires a l'aide de photographies numeriques. Les produits alimentaires ont ete classes en groupes d'aliments conformement au document Bien manger avec le Cuide alimentaire canadien de Sante Canada, et les nutriments ont ete analyses a l'aide d'un logiciel d'analyse nutritionnelle. Des tests t a echantillon unique ont permis de comparer le contenu des dejeuners aux recommandations nutritionnelles. Des tests t independants ont permis de comparer le contenu nutritionnel et les groupes d'aliments des dejeuners servis dans les CPE francophones et anglophones, urbains et ruraux du Nouveau-Brunswick et de la Saskatchewan. RESULTATS : En moyenne, les CPE ne respectaient pas les recommandations provinciales. Dans les deux provinces, les dejeuners etaient faibles en calories ( CONCLUSIONS : Peu de dejeuners offerts dans les CPE respectaient les recommandations nutritionnelles. Il faudrait intervenir pour ameliorer la qualite des aliments offerts dans les CPE. La revision ou l'elaboration de directives nutritionnelles completes s'impose. MOTS CLES : garderies d'enfants; qualite alimentaire; dejeuner; valeur nutritionnelle