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Sexual revictimization is heightened among military service members and veterans and is associated with greater posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and severity. The heightened distress following revictimization may be due to posttraumatic cognitions (PTC), which include negative beliefs about the self and world, and self-blame. Moreover, it is unclear whether men and women experience different levels of PTC. The current study tested PTC (overall and subdomains) as a possible mediator between sexual revictimization and PTSS severity, and gender as a possible moderator of these associations. Revictimization was defined across time periods (military sexual assault [MSA] only vs. premilitary sexual trauma + MSA) and in military rape frequency (0, 1, 2+). Participants were 400 (n = 200 [50%] male) service members/veterans with a history of MSA and completed online, anonymous, self-report questionnaires. PTC mediated the association between revictimization and PTSS severity. A significant interaction of gender suggested that men reported high overall PTC and PTC about the self regardless of revictimization; by contrast, overall PTC and PTC about the self were lower for women in response to MSA only and increased with revictimization. Results also showed men were more sensitive to PTC about self-blame as it pertains to more severe PTSS compared to women. There were no unique gender interactions when assessing revictimization by rape frequency, although PTC (overall, all subdomains) significantly mediated the association between rape frequency and PTSS severity. PTC may be a beneficial target when treating PTSS in men, and may be especially heightened in women who have experienced revictimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT.Objectives:Sexting, defined as the transmission of sexually suggestive or explicit pictures or videos via mobile phone, has garnered considerable attention in both the public and research sectors. In popular culture, sexting has received considerable negative attention in regards to potential risk.Methods:The present study examined the prevalence of sexting behaviors among 287 volunteer students attending a university in the Southwest United States, as well as the extent to which concerns about sexting appear to be founded or unfounded.Results:Responses indicated that 38% of the participants had sent and/or received sexts during the past 6 months. Of those who engaged in sexting in the past 6 months, 84% had sent 1 to 10 sexts and 88% had received 1 to 10 sexts. Most respondents (64%) indicated that they had sent nude or seminude sexts for consensual sexual reasons. Of those individuals, 87% who reported sending sexts and 71% who reported receiving sexts indicated that the sexting occurred during a romantic relationship. Those who engaged in nude sexting had an earlier age of initiation into sexual behavior and had more sexual partners. Participants who had sent and received nude sexts also had some evidence of risky behavior including drug use and behavior problems in childhood. Additionally, participants who did not engage in sexting scored lower on measures of hostility toward women.Conclusions:Despite these findings, the overall study suggests that sexting may not be a cause for concern. Possible positive aspects of sexting and recommendations for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]