Search

Global warming is currently an area of concern. Human activities are the leading cause of urban greenhouse gas intensification. Inversing the spatial distribution of carbon emissions at microscopic scales such as communities or controlling detailed planning plots can capture the critical emission areas of carbon emissions, thus providing scientific guidance for intracity low-carbon development planning. Using the Sino—Singapore Tianjin Eco-city as an example, this paper uses night-light images and statistical yearbooks to perform linear fitting within the Beijing—Tianjin—Hebei city-county region and then uses fine-scale data such as points of interest, road networks, and mobile signaling data to construct spatial characteristic indicators of carbon emissions distribution and assign weights to each indicator through the analytic hierarchy process. As a result, the spatial distribution of carbon emissions based on detailed control planning plots is calculated. The results show that among the selected indicators, the population distribution significantly influences carbon emissions, with a weight of 0.384. The spatial distribution of carbon emissions is relatively distinctive. The primary carbon emissions are from the Sino—Singapore Cooperation Zone due to its rapid urban construction and development. In contrast, carbon emissions from other areas are sparse, as there is mostly unused land under construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study on concrete durability under a single environment, considering the meteorological data to determine the environmental correction coefficient, the computational model of concrete ultimate durability life under one environment is improved. Damage is defined as the ratio of service life to ultimate durability life, and it specifies the failure of concrete structures when the damage comes to 0.8. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is modified by replacing the conventional fuzzy scale to the priority of every single environment determined by the ultimate durability life span of each environment. The weight of every environment is settled by modified AHP and is used to improve Miner linear cumulative criteria. Then, the computational model of concrete ultimate durability life under a complex environment based on damage is established, the applicability of which is verified by comparing the prediction results and field data in Tianjin and Yantai ports. This paper also improves set pair analysis by dividing the stability range with comprehensive index connectivity, and then, the evaluation of levels of concrete durability stabilization is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainstorm and waterlogging disasters of underground rail transit have recently become a vital safety problem. In this paper, a model of vulnerability assessment is established, and 14 indicators are selected to establish an indicator system for 109 stations in the central area of Tianjin. Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and Entropy Weight Method (EWM) were used to determine the subjective and objective weights of indicators. A distance function was introduced to calculate the combined weights and improve the weights' rationality. The results show that there are 34 high and medium-high vulnerability stations, and 41 low and medium-low vulnerability stations. Except for Line 2, the vulnerability level of subway stations on the rail lines decreased from the edge to the centre. Nankai District had the most high-vulnerability stations (seven of the 20 high-vulnerability stations). The main influence factors were the waterproofing capacity of the subway, the digital elevation model, the station type, the height of the exit, and the entrance steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is to analyze the relationship between human settlements system and water resources, select the water resource's carrying capacity index, and construct a system based on the human settlements system theory for the water resource's carrying capacity index. The index weight is determined by the analytic hierarchy process, and the set pair analysis method is used to calculate the connection number and evaluation grade of samples in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province from 2016 to 2019. The results show that there are differences in water resources carrying capacity from the perspective of human settlements in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province, and the changing trend of water resources carrying capacity in the three regions is different. The introduction of human settlement theory into the construction of water resource's carrying capacity index system can better reflect the carrying capacity of water resources to human society and can provide a new perspective for other related research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change threatens human survival and development. Cities, as the main gathering places for human production and life, serve as the focal points for the implementation of the policies related to energy efficiency, energy transition, and environmental protection. This study constructs an index system for the evaluation of carbon-neutral cities from the perspectives of carbon sources and carbon sinks. The system includes thirteen indicators under six dimensions. It combines objective and subjective data (i.e., statistical data and expert evaluations) by integrating two approaches: the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) and vise kriterijumska optimizacija i kompromisno resenje with hesitant fuzzy sets (HFS-VIKOR). We verify the efficacy of the proposed approach through a case study of thirteen low-carbon pilot cities in China. The results indicate that among these cities, Shenzhen performs the best, followed by Guangzhou and Hangzhou, while Kunming, Baoding, and Tianjin show poor performance in terms of carbon neutrality. Kunming and Baoding exhibit shortcomings mainly in carbon sources, while Tianjin faces deficiencies in both carbon sources and carbon sinks. Sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis show the availability and effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed radar chart further highlights the improvement directions for each city to achieve carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A matter-element (ME) model to assess priority of historic building is developed. • 10 indicators have been found to be critical to assess the preservation priority. • Different indicators can be comprehensive analyzed with a normalization procedure. • Detailed comparisons between ME and other evaluation methods are provided. The preservation of historic buildings is an important research area in the preservation of cultural heritage. In recent years, the rapid development of urban rail transit in the historic city has had a great impact on the safety of many surrounding historic buildings. How to determine the preservation priority of historic buildings quickly and accurately is of great significance to the rational allocation of conservation resources. Based upon the matter-element theory, this paper developed the prioritization model of historic building reservation. First, this study established an evaluation system involving ten individual indicators among two categories related to historic building and subway construction. Second, the criteria for each indicator is set up according to the individual priority levels, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method has been applied for indicator weight setting. Finally, this model was applied to a case study to evaluate 11 historic buildings along Tianjin Metro Line 7. The similarities and differences between this model and the traditional Single Indicator method and the Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method are discussed to test and verify the feasibility of the proposed model. This study provides decision support for future heritage impact assessment along the subway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction and promotion of emission trading information platform makes it possible for enterprises to collect and use emission rights and other data. How to conduct game analysis for industrial enterprises' emission trading under data driven has become an effective basis and inevitable trend to assist enterprises to achieve emission reduction and optimal decision-making. However, existing game methods are not used for comprehensive optimal decision for enterprises based on these data. Therefore, this paper integrates dynamic game and data to effectively solve optimal choice in the process of emission trading among industrial enterprises. The bargaining dynamic game model and forward reasoning method are proposed to realize the game analysis of emission trading among enterprises in the secondary market based on the data mining or evaluation of pollutant emissions, market price and marginal revenue of emission rights and initial emission rights by Support Vector Regression (SVR), Linear Regression (LR) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Taking six industrial enterprises in Tianjin as an example, this paper analyzes the optimal trading price, trading volume and object of emission trading among different enterprises under different loss factors. • A bargaining game model of emission trading based on SVR, LR, AHP was proposed. • Prediction or evaluation methods on emission were established and implemented. • A forward reasoning of emission trading game among enterprises was completed. • Taking actual emission data from Tianjin, the game process of trading was analyzed. • Comprehensive optimal decision of emission trading under loss factors was provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At 22:51 on August 12, 2015, a fire explosion accident occurred in the hazardous cargo warehouse of the Ruihai Company, which is located in Tianjin Port, Binhai New Area, Tianjin. This accident killed 165 people and caused direct economic losses of 6.866 billion yuan. In order to reduce the occurrence and harm of fire explosion accidents in the port's hazardous chemicals storage area, the main influencing factors were analyzed using the fault tree analysis‐analytic hierarchy process (FTA‐AHP) method, and each factor was quantitatively analyzed. Taking a hazardous chemicals storage yard in Shanghai as an example, the cause of fire explosion in a hazardous chemicals storage area was obtained by establishing a fault tree analysis (FTA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Then, the AHP model was established to calculate the weight of each influencing factor, and finally, the total weight ratio of each influencing factor was obtained. The results showed that human factors were the main and direct factors, equipment and facilities factors were the secondary factors, and management factors were the fundamental factors in fire explosion accidents in the port's hazardous chemicals storage areas. According to the evaluation results, a prevention and control strategy for fire explosion accidents in hazardous chemicals storage areas is proposed, which has reference value for relevant management departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecosystem services provided by river ecosystems rely on healthy ecosystem structure and ecological processes. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban is a typical water-deficient area. As an important part of the urban–rural integration construction, evaluating the health status of the Beiyun River Basin and discovering the weak links in the water environment are the basis for improving the health of the basin. In this study, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to establish an evaluation index system for the Beiyun River Basin from 5 aspects including water quality, biology, ecology, hydrology, and social functions, and the principal component analysis (PCA) was then used to assign weights to the index layer. The evaluation results showed that the health evaluation results of the Beiyun River Basin in 2019 are "sub-healthy," and the overall health status is getting worse from northwest to southeast. In the middle reaches of the region, the evaluation result is "healthy," followed by the upstream, and the downstream is the worst. The results showed that areas with less human interference or orderly intervention are in better health. High eutrophication level, low bio-diversity, and low vegetation coverage are the main indicators that leads to poor ecosystem health in the Beiyun River Basin. For the comprehensive management of the Beiyun River, the improvement of water quality and habitat ecological restoration are key actions to the health of the upstream ecosystem. The improvement of the health status of the downstream should focus on equal emphasis on water quality and quantity, restoration of biodiversity, and improvement of the quality of the riparian ecological environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to build an objective and effective environmental performance evaluation model of air pollution control. Based on the severe air polluted region in China, that is Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, this evaluation model consists of four parts, including economic benefits, public service, government management and development potential, and uses the balanced scorecard theory. The weights of the indexes are measured by comprehensive evaluation method, which combined entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). To test the applicability of the evaluation method to different stages, back propagation (BP) neural network is introduced to simulate air pollution control in the future. The results reveal that the environmental performance of air pollution control in Beijing had an upward trend during 2010–2016, and the trend would continue in the next five years. The environmental performance of Tianjin continuously increased, especially from 2014 to 2016. Tianjin has great potential of air pollution control in the future. The environmental performance of air pollution control in Hebei fluctuated from 2010 to 2016 and it dropped to the lowest level in 2015, which mainly due to the large increase in number of days with air quality levelⅡor above compared with 2014 and the nonsignificant growth in the amount of expenditure on atmospheric prevention and control, the amount of investment in the control of industrial pollution sources and the number of law enforcement personnel. Moreover, the environmental performance of air pollution control closely related with industrial structure, especially with the proportion of the tertiary industry. The upgrading of urban industrial structure and the coordinated development of green industry should be implemented to restructure the environmental transformation in air-polluted region. Image 1000 • The traditional Balanced Scorecard is revised and applied into the environmental performance evaluation. • The effective control of vehicle emission directly determines the air quality of Beijing. • A fundamental improvement in air quality in Hebei requires a large amount of environmental investment. • The environmental law enforcement is an important guarantee for air quality improvement of Tianjin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, in order to promote the construction of low-carbon communities (LCCs) in China, many scholars have proposed an evaluation indicator system of LCC. The existing indicator systems are mostly established from the macro perspective of environmental impact and resource conservation, but few are from the micro technical perspective. Thus, the aim of this study is to construct a micro technical evaluation indicator system for LCCs. Firstly, the index system was divided into three categories: low-carbon building, low-carbon transportation, and low-carbon environment. Then, the technical indicators were selected through empirical analysis. The indicator weights were assigned by the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used as the evaluation method of the indicators. Finally, in order to examine the practicality of the indicator system, two typical communities in Tianjin and Shanghai were selected as case studies. The results showed that the indicator system gave a reasonable low-carbon level for the two communities, which was in line with the actual low-carbon construction status of each community. In addition, the evaluation results pointed out that the low-carbon community (LCC) in Tianjin needs to further strengthen the construction of the low-carbon environment, including community compactness, rainwater collection and utilization, and waste recycling. For the LCC in Shanghai, it was pointed out that the construction of the low-carbon building and low-carbon transportation needs to be strengthened. The indicator system can be used as a tool for urban planning and construction personnel to evaluate the construction progress and low-carbon degree of LCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]