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Background: In this review, an outline of the development of omics studies in recent years was envisaged. The bottom-up and top-down approaches on system biology were discussed and some of the recent tools that integrate multiomics data on system biology studies were examined. The improvements in omics applications from genomics to metabolomics were inspected in the light of breast cancer biomarker discovery. Results: It is known that genome or proteome analysis alone is not sufficient to elucidate the molecular mechanism of any disease, but instead, a holistic evaluation, including metabolomics studies, is rational and gives definite results. Breast cancer markers approved at the beginning of the millennium encouraged researchers to search for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with the improvements of advanced analytical strategies. Obviously, the recent developments on omics techniques and tools to process multiomics data are capable of presenting valuable scientific information better than ever before. Conclusion: Clinical researches using omics techniques might be supported with the integration of multiomics data to validate the results and to understand the molecular interactions in the biological system.

Background: The development of innovative approaches in drug analysis is a challenging task for medicine, pharmacy, and engineering sciences. For instance, the requirement of proper dosage forms in releasing active ingredients is crucial. It is essential to analyze drugs in biological liquids for early diagnosis and treatment purposes. Drug analysis is also of great importance to control the quality of pharmaceutical products, test their efficacy, and develop novel drug formulation. The present review is aimed to highlight the most recent spectrophotometric approaches applied to analyze various classes of drugs in biological media and/or dosage forms. Methods: Direct and derivative UV/UV-Vis spectrophotometry and a combination of various techniques with spectrophotometry, such as injection analysis and chemometrics, have most widely been applied in the analysis of dosage forms. In addition, emerging technologies, such as UV imaging allows to obtain the distribution of drug concentration in time-resolved 2D images based on UV light absorption, utilization of nanotechnology, self-assembled nanomaterials, and aptamer-based nanoparticles have gained interests to investigate drug assays and to quantify the proper drug release. Results: Due to their high versatility, ease of application, low cost, and fast response, spectrophotometric methods are one of the most preferable methods providing high accuracy and precision with a wide linear range in drug analysis. Conclusion: Selected examples demonstrating the applicability of spectrophotometric methods in pharmaceutical assays in this review might contribute to the overall importance of the analytical test used in modern pharmaceutical analysis.