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The creation of the Griess reagent for nitrites is an example of the first directed synthesis of an organic reagent in analytical chemistry. In connection with the jubilee of the reagent, some aspects of the use of diazotization and azo coupling reactions for determining nitrites and nitrates are considered. It is shown that the Griess reaction is widely used at present; however, the components of this reaction and the methods for determining nitrites are continuously improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the basic requirements for test methods used for chemical analysis outside the laboratory, classifying them according to several criteria, such as the nature of the processes generating the analytical signal, chemical principles and applications. Also covered are enzymes. Test methods and tools for liquid samples are reviewed, as are systems for measurement and recording results. Finally, there is an overview of applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]