1. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling: An important molecular mechanism of herbal medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis
- Author
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Qing, Zhang, Jia, Liu, Huxinyue, Duan, Ruolan, Li, Wei, Peng, and Chunjie, Wu
- Subjects
SMT, Samul-Tang Tang ,ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule ,TrxR1, thioredoxin reductase-1 ,HG, high glucose ,SchB, Schisandrin B ,Z-Lig, Z-ligustilide ,CINM, Cinnamaldehyde ,PA, Palmitate ,ET, endothelin ,OA, Oleanolic acid ,ApoE, apolipoprotein E ,LWDH, Liuwei-Dihuang pill ,PEITC, phenethyl isocyanate ,DMY, Dihydromyricetin ,7-HMR, (−)-7(S)-hydroxymatairesinol ,APV, aqueous extracts of Prunella Vulgaris ,KGRE, extracts of KGR ,AGE, advanced glycation end product ,MA, maslinic acid ,NAF, Nepeta Angustifolia ,OMT, Oxymatrine ,MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 ,PT, Pterostilbene ,HXC, Huoxue capsule ,CVDs, cardiovascular diseases ,Vascular endothelial cells ,ECs, endothelial cells ,NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ,CNC, Cap'n'collar ,VA, Vanillic acid ,Article ,BITC, benzyl isothiocyanate ,Molecular mechanism ,FFA, Fatty Acids ,ASD-IV, Astragaloside IV ,KRG, Korean red ginseng ,OX-LDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein ,VEC, vascular endothelial cells ,PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase ,PKC, protein kinase C ,Humans ,MCGA3, 3-O-caffeoyl-1-methylquinic acid ,EXS, Xanthoceras sorbifolia ,HIF-1, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 ,SAL, Salidroside ,ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases ,IL, interleukin ,Oxidative stress ,Akt, protein kinase B ,Nrf2/HO-1 signaling ,TXA2, Thromboxane A2 ,MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases ,RBPC, phenolic extracts derived from rice bran ,NG, naringenin ,Heme Oxygenase-1 ,VEI, vascular endothelial injury ,ADH, andrographolide ,ARE, antioxidant reaction elements ,US, uraemic serum ,XAG, xanthoangelol ,Keap1, kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related proteins ,MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases ,Hcy, Homocysteine ,NQO1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase ,SFN, sulforaphane ,ASP, Angelica sinensis polysaccharide ,TNF, tumor necrosis factor ,PAA, Pachymic acid ,eNOS, endothelial NO synthase ,ASTP, Astragalus polysacharin ,MAPKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,HO-1, heme oxygenase ,GPx, Glutathione peroxidase ,CVRF, cardiovascular risk factors ,EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate ,Herbal medicine ,TCM, traditional Chinese medicine ,AS, atherosclerosis ,Gau A, Glaucocalyxin A ,XXT, Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablet ,HAMS, human anthocyanin medicated serum ,GTE, Ganoderma tsugae extracts ,HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells ,CREB, cAMP-response element binding protein ,BBR, Berberine ,ROS, reactive oxygen species ,SOD, superoxide dismutase ,Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,C3G, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside ,Sal B, salvianolic acid B ,Endothelial Cells ,Atherosclerosis ,BAECs, bovine artery endothelial cells ,NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B ,AMP, Athyrium Multidentatum ,GSD Rg1, Ginsenoside Rg1 ,ECC, (−)-Epicatechin ,PAI-1, plasminogen activator Inhibitor-1 ,Ang, Angiotensin ,VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule - Abstract
Graphical abstract, Introduction Recently, Nrf2/HO-1 has received extensive attention as the main regulatory pathway of intracellular defense against oxidative stress and is considered an ideal target for alleviating endothelial cell (EC) injury. Objectives This paper aimed to summarized the natural monomers/extracts that potentially exert protective effects against oxidative stress in ECs. Methods A literature search was carried out regarding our topic with the keywords of “atherosclerosis” or “Nrf2/HO-1” or “vascular endothelial cells” or “oxidative stress” or “Herbal medicine” or “natural products” or “natural extracts” or “natural compounds” or “traditional Chinese medicines” based on classic books of herbal medicine and scientific databases including Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science, GoogleScholar, BaiduScholar, and others. Then, we analyzed the possible molecular mechanisms for different types of natural compounds in the treatment of atherosclerosis via the protection of vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress. In addition, perspectives for possible future studies are discussed. Results These agents with protective effects against oxidative stress in ECs mainly include phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Most of these agents alleviate cell apoptosis in ECs due to oxidative stress, and the mechanisms are related to Nrf2/HO-1 signaling activation. However, despite continued progress in research on various aspects of natural agents exerting protective effects against EC injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, the development of new drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) and other CVDs based on these agents will require more detailed preclinical and clinical studies. Conclusion Our present paper provides updated information of natural agents with protective activities on ECs against oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1. We hope this review will provide some directions for the further development of novel candidate drugs from natural agents for the treatment of AS and other CVDs.
- Published
- 2020