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This research was conducted to identify the estrogen hormone profile and estrus response in the thin tailed ewes synchronized with controlled internal drug release (CIDR) implant. This research was carried out by employing 8 thin tailed ewes, CIDR, and estrogen kit. The ewes were distributed into: 3 ewes as control group and 5 ewes as treated group (with 12 days-CIDR implantation). Ewes were raised in the Sidomukti farm group, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. The data obtained were estrogen hormone profile during estrus examined by using ELISA method and estrus response marked with the reddening and oedema of vulva, mucus vaginal discharge, behavioral changes, vaginal pH, and superficial cells population. The data were analyzed by applying independent sample T-test. The result did not show any significant difference (P0.05) in the normal range between the control and CIDR group in estrogen hormone profile, estrus response, and pH level, but showed significant differences with positive correlation (P0.05) in population of superficial cells. In conclusion, CIDR was an effective tool for estrus synchronization at the farmer group, and gave positive estrus response towards thin tailed ewes with estrogen hormone profile, pH level, and superficial cell percentage on the normal range.

The purpose of this study was to observe the size of reproductive organ and to evaluate the sperm quality of Belgian Blue (BB) crossbreed cattle. This cattle are the crossbreeding result between a female Brahman Cross (BX) cattle inseminated with frozen semen from pure male BB cattle, by Artificial Insemination (IB) method, as a candidate of superior bull. The samples of this study were 2.5 years old (BB1), (BB2), and (BB3) crossbreed cattle. Its process involved general physical examination, genital organ inspection, sperm production, and quality assessment. The data obtained were analyzed through descriptive analysis. The results of this study were the three BB crossbred cattle showed the good appearance of normal reproductive organs with scrotum circumferences of each bull were 40.2 cm, 38.6 cm, and 39.8 cm respectively, and sperm quality of the good and the normal motility values of each bull were 82%, 81% and 80%, viability 84%, 83%, and 86%, and the sperm concentrations of each bull were 2.218 million/ml, 1.986 million/ml and 2.120 million/ml respectively. As a result, it could be concluded that those three BB crossbreed cattle are suitable for being used as a superior bull.

Artificial insemination (AI) in cattle using Ongole Cross Breed liquid semen with cauda epidydymal plasma-2 (CEP-2) diluent+0.6% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) aimed to improve the genetic quality of livestock with high sperm motility on beef cows. Addition of BSA as extracellular cryoprotectant to support egg yolk function to prevent membrane damage caused by cold shock during cold storage. This research was conducted in Tumpang, Pakis, and Singosari Sub-district, Malang Regency using 38 cows that inseminated using frozen semen of Limousine and Simmental breeds as control (19 cows) and liquid semen with CEP-2 + 0.6% BSA as a treatment (19 cows). The reproductive parameters were Non Return Rate (NRR), Service per Conception (S/C) and Conception Rate (CR). Data were analyzed descriptively and continued by chi-square test. The results showed that insemination using frozen and liquid semen did not affect the success rate of AI in beef cows. The NRR43-63 value of frozen was 89.40% and liquid semen was 78.94%; the CR value of frozen semen was 84.21% and liquid semen was 57.89%; and the S/C value of frozen semen was 1.21 and liquid semen was 1.42. The conclusions of the study were the values of NRR43-63, CR and S/C of frozen higher than liquid semen.

The purpose of this study was to observe the reproductive performances of Sumba Ongole (SO) cows inseminated with frozen Belgian Blue (BB) semen. This research was expected to be used as a reference in the cow’s maintenance, especially in the implementation of Artificial Insemination (AI), as well as for subsequent studies. Parameter of this study includes the signs of estrus symptoms, S/C ratio, CR, NRR, and pregnancy time. The results showed a large value of S/C for cow SO 2.60±1.81, great value for cattle CR SO was 40%, the value of NRR was 60%, and the pregnancy time SO was 273.80±4.08. It is concluded that reproductive performance of SO cows are good, using SO cows to cross with BB cow is possible to do.

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to determine the proportion, viability and motility of X and Y ram spermatozoa separated with egg white albumin. Sperm samples derived from Garut ram, which was collected by using an artificial vagina. Observations were made on spermatozoa fraction above and below each medium fraction treatment. There are treatment egg white albumin as separation medium, each medium consisting of fractions top and bottom fraction with different concentration: 1) P0 = sperma before separation (control); 2) P1 = 10% above fraction + 30% lower fraction; P2 = 25% + 45%; P3 = 25% + 75%. Data proportion of X and Y, viability and motility were analyzed statistically by Completely Randomized Design patern in the direction followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test for data with a real difference. Separation with egg white albumin affect significantly increased the proportion of spermatozoa X and Y (P≤0.05), but tends to decrease the viability and motility of spermatozoa.The proportion of spermatozoa X and Y was highest in treatment P3,76.76% of spermatozoa X (fraction above 25%) and 79.81% spermatozoa Y (75% lower fraction), with an average viability obtained respectively 68,9% (fraction above) and 59,7% (bottom fraction), motility 77,5% (fraction above) dan 84,0% (bottom fraction). It was concluded that the egg white albumin is very effective in changing the proportions of X and Y ram sperm with the quality of spermatozoa after separation feasible for applications insemination or processed into frozen semen. (Keywords: Garut ram, White egg albumin, Spermatozoa X and Y)

The purpose of this study was to observe the macroscopic and microscopic quality of Bronze turkey fresh semen on various ages. The observed toms were at the ages of 9 to 10 months (P1), 13 to 14 months (P2), and 17 to 18 months (P3), with each taken from 3 different toms. The collection was done by abdominal massage, and collected for 3 times a week in triplicate. This data was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design, followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if there was any difference. The results showed that the average volume of turkey fresh semen were P1 (0.16 ± 0.04 ml), P2 (0.13 ± 0.02 ml), and P3 (0.10 ± 0.02 ml). The average pH of fresh semen were P1 (7.19 ± 0.05), P2 (7.12 ± 0.10), and P3 (7.06 ± 0.06). The average motility percentage of fresh semen were P1 (78.11 ± 1.38%), P2 (82.55 ± 1.17%), and P3 (74.55 ± 4.16%). The average viability percentage of fresh semen were P1 (78.63 ± 1.55%), P2 (83.26 ± 1.54%), and P3 (79.20 ± 1.06%). The average abnormal percentage of spermatozoa were P1 (3.01 ± 0.04%), P2 (3.04 ± 0.88%), and P3 (3.21 ± 0.44%). In conclusion, the best fresh semen quality is found on toms aged from 13 to14 months (P2). Furthermore, at the age 17 to18 months and more, the semen quality was decreased.

This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of the level of cattle reticulum meal as cholesterolsource in duck feed to accelerate molting period and post-molting re-laying process of Tegal duck.Experimental method was administered to sixty female Tegal duck aging 68 weeks old. Each treatment,comprised 3 layers with 5 repetitions, were cattle reticulum meal in feed (K), consisting of K0= 0%(control), K1 = 1.43% (equal to 0.37 g cholesterol), K2 = 2.86%, and K3 = 4.29%. The observed variableswere molting period, re-laying period, blood cholesterol level, and progesterone hormone level. Datawere analyzed by analysis of variance based on Completely Randomized Design followed by HonestlySignificant Difference Test. The result demonstrated that level of cattle reticulum meal significantlyaffected (P

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of Merino rams on the in vitro motility, velocity and capacitation status of ram spermatozoa. Four rams of proven fertility were used in this study. Semen was collected by electro ejaculation. The fresh semen was diluted at four dilutions in Hepes buffered synthetic oviduct fluid. A sample of semen was collected and the motility, velocity and capacitation status of spermatozoa determined and analyzed. The results study showed that motility and velocity of Merino rams spermatozoa were not significantly different. The mean average path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity (VSL) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) were 91.2 µm/s, 72.2 µm/s and 134 µm/s, respectively. Amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), beat cross frequency (BCF) and linearity (LIN) was 5.5 µm, 19.5 Hz, and 54.7%, respectively. During the incubation time, progressively more spermatozoa became capacitated such that at the end of the incubation, 40.9±0.9% was capacitated acrosome-intact and 29±2.5% was capacitated acrosome-reacted. In conclusion, the motility and velocity of Merino spermatozoa were similar among rams. There were differences among rams in the capacitation profile; however there was no significant effect of incubation time and dilution rate on the capacitation status. Keywords: Merino rams, spermatozoa, motility, velocity, capacitation in vitro Animal Production 14(2):104-110

Abstract. The purpose of research was to investigate whether there was influence of the addition of concentrates in basal feed on meat tenderness and calpastatin and calpain activities of three muscles of Kejobong does. A total of 20 heads of Kejobong does (2.0-2.5 years) with initial live weight range between 23.8-24.2 kg was studied and randomly set in two kinds of feed treatment, ie basal feed (p0) and basal feed plus concentrates (p1). Two kinds of feed were given to Kejobong doe for 12 weeks. The observed variables were (1) tenderness of meat, (2) calpain activity (m-calpain activity and the activity of m-calpain), and (3) calpastatin activity. Data were processed using the General Linear Model Univariate procedure and Pearson Bivariate Correlation of the SPSS program. Results showed that feeding (basal feed and basal feed plus concentrates) significantly affected meat tenderness of Kejobong doe. The types of muscles had highly significant effect on tenderness. Feeds affected m-calpain activity, m-calpain activity, and calpastatin activity in the muscles. Types of muscles exhibited variation in the activity of m-calpain, the activity of m-calpain, and calpastatin activity. In conclusion, the addition of concentrates in the basal feed increased meat tenderness, and affected the activity of m-calpain, m-calpain, and calpastatin. Keywords: activity of m-calpain and m-calpain, calpastatin activity, Kejobong doe Animal Production 14(1):47-55, January 2012

The research was conducted to know the effect of lemuru fish oil (LFO) and palm oil (PO) on blood plasma testosterone and sperms quality of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The experiment used 15 male quails of 12 weeks of age. The birds were divided into 5 feeding treatments, which were; R-0 (control), R-1 (3% LFO), R-2 (6% LFO), R-3 (3% PO) and R-4 (6% PO). Data on testosterone level and semen quality (sperm motility, sperm morfology, sperm viability and sperm concentration) were analyzed quantitavely. Results showed that testosterone level of birds given 6% LFO was significantly higher than those given 6% PO (4.92 vs 2.44 ng/ml). Feeding birds with 6% LFO or 3% PO resulted in good quality of sperms as indicated by sperm motility (78.30 and 78.30%), viability (73.19 and 86.06%) and concentration (250.00 and 255.30 x109/ml). In conclusion, feeding quails with 6% LFO or 3% PO were able to increase level of testosterone, HDL, LDL and sperm quality. (Animal Production 10(3): 157-163 (2008) Key Words: Testosterone, sperm quality, lemuru fish oil, palm oil

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bulan demikian pula perubahan musim (panjang hari, sinar terang, curah hujan, temperatur, penguapan dan kelembaban) terhadap motilitas, kecepatan dan morfologi spermatozoa domba Merino. Enam domba Merino jantan fertil digunakan dalan penelitian ini. Sperma domba ditampung setiap bulan, mulai Juni 2002 sampai Mei 2003 dengan menggunakan elektroejakulator. Data kecepatan dan morfologi kepala spermatozoa didalam medium TALP dianalisis dengan menggunakan computer-aided semen analysis (CASA). Analisis varian, klasifikasi satu arah digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan dan morfologi kepala spermatozoa. Total rerata VAP, VSL dan VCL selama setahun masing-masing adalah 75,40 um/detik, 64,00 um/detik dan 113,50 um/detik. Total rerata STR, LIN, dan ELO masing-masing adalah 75,20%, 51,30%, 35,50%. Total rerata ALH, BCF dan AREA masing-masing adalah 5.2 µm, 17.0 Hz, dan 3.0 µm2. Sebagai kesimpulan, iklim berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan dan morfologi kepala spermatozoa domba Merino. (Animal Production 8(3): 152-159 (2006) Kata Kunci : Spermatozoa domba Merino, Kecepatan, Morfologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aras kuning telur itik Alabio (Anas platyrhynchos) yang diencerkan dengan tris fruktosa terhadap persentase motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa kambing Bligon setelah pengenceran, ekuilibrasi, prefreezing, dan post-thawing. Kualitas sperma diamati setelah pengenceran, setelah ekuilibrasi, preefreezing, dan post-thawing. Sperma seekor kambing Bligon ditampung dengan metode vagina buatan dua kali seminggu. Sperma diencerkan dengan pengencer tris fruktosa dengan aras kuning telur itik 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Data kualitas sperma segar dianalisis dengan mean dan standar deviasi, sedangkan motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa setelah pengenceran, ekuilibrasi, prefeezing, dan post-thawing dianalisis variansi pola searah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kuning telur itik dengan aras 10% memberikan motilitas dan viabilitas sperma setelah pengenceran, setelah ekuilibrasi, setelah prefreezing , serta setelah post-thawing yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan penggunaan kuning telur itik dengan aras 20% maupun 30% (P

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan produksi dan komposisi susu kambing daerah dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Kambing yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 10 induk laktasi kambing Peranakan Ettawa di masing-masing lokasi yaitu Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan Bantul. Data yang diambil terdiri dari kondisi lingkungan, konsumsi pakan, produksi dan komposisi susu yang terdiri dari kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan berat jenis. Pengukuran dilakukan dalam 3 ulangan, dengan tiap ulangan selama 7 hari, pada awal, pertengahan dan akhir periode. Konsumsi pakan diukur selama 21 hari. Produksi susu diukur dari hasil pemerahan pagi dan sore. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis statistik menggunakan analisis One way-Anova. Konsumsi nutrisi kambing di Kabupaten Kulon Progo lebih besar daripada Bantul (P

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi terbaik dalam pengenceran sperma domba Garut terhadap motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa yang disimpan pada temperatur 5°C. Terdapat empat perlakuan pengenceran: 1) P0= air kelapa + 0% kuning telur itik; 2) P1 = air kelapa + 10% kuning telur itik; 3) P2 = air kelapa + 20% kuning telur itik; 4) P3 = air kelapa + 30% kuning telur itik. Setiap perlakuan disimpan pada suhu 5°C dan diamati pada lima tingkatan waktu penyimpanan yaitu: hari ke-0, ke-1, ke-2, ke-3, dan ke-4. Data dianalisis statistik dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial 4x5 dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test untuk data dengan perbedaan yang nyata. Interaksi antara perlakuan dan lama penyimpanan memiliki pengaruh yang sangat signifikan (P

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar hormon testosteron, libido, dan kualitas sperma kambing Bligon, Kejobong, dan Peranakan Etawah (PE). Sampel terdiri dari 3 ekor kambing Bligon, 3 ekor kambing Kejobong, dan 3 ekor kambing PE jantan. Kadar testosteron diukur menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tingkat libido diketahui dengan pengamatan waktu pertama mencumbu betina, menaiki betina, sampai ejakulasi. Penampungan sperma menggunakan metode vagina buatan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian ditentukan nilai korelasi antara kadar testosteron dengan libido dan kualitas sperma. Hasil menunjukkan testosteron pagi kambing Bligon berkorelasi terhadap waktu mencumbu betina (R= -0,79 dan Y= 20,91-6,52X), menaiki betina (R= -0,80 dan Y= 20,28-7,16X), ejakulasi (R= -0,81 dan Y= 14,03-7,56X), volume sperma (R= 0,65 dan Y= -0,78+0,03X), dan motilitas spermatozoa (R= 0,70 dan Y= -73,83+1,43X) (P

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respon estrus, awal estrus, dan lama estrus serta profil hormon estrogen pada kambing Kacang dan kambing Bligon setelah implan controlled internal drug release (CIDR) selama 13 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan 7 ekor kambing Kacang, 7 ekor kambing Bligon, serta 1 ekor pejantan. Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan sebanyak empat kali yaitu sehari sebelum pemasangan CIDR (H0), sehari sebelum pelepasan CIDR (H12), saat pengamatan estrus (H17), dan satu siklus estrus (H37). Pemisahan plasma darah segera dilakukan setelah pengambilan darah lalu disimpan dalam freezer dengan suhu -20oC sampai uji hormon estrogen dilakukan. Respon estrus dianalisis dengan menggunakan Chi square, awal dan lama estrus menggunakan t-test dan untuk melihat konsentrasi hormon estrogen dengan menggunakan metode Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA). Pengamatan gejala estrus dengan melihat tanda-tanda visual yang muncul dan menggunakan pejantan sebagai pengusik. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh bahwa sinkronisasi estrus setelah implan CIDR pada kambing Kacang dan kambing Bligon menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P≤0,01), persentase estrus pada kambing Kacang sebanyak 85,7% dan kambing Bligon sebanyak 71,4%. Awal munculnya estrus setelah pelepasan CIDR pada kambing Bligon 40,2±19,3 jam sedang pada kambing Kacang 52,6±18,4 jam. Lama estrus pada kelompok kambing Kacang dan Bligon masing-masing 24,0±8,6 jam dan 34,6±15,4 jam. Profil hormon pada saat estrus menunjukkan bahwa kambing Kacang memiliki konsentrasi hormon estrogen yang lebih tinggi 183,74±149,16 pg/ml, sedang pada kambing Bligon 108,129±59,02 pg/ml. Munculnya gejala estrus pada masing-masing ternak diikuti dengan tingginya konsentrasi hormon estrogen. Ternak estrus mempunyai konsentrasi hormon estrogen sekitar 94,127 pg/mL - 418,368 pg/mL, sedang pada ternak yang tidak mengalami estrus sekitar 20,17 pg/mL - 60,163 pg/mL. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan CIDR secara tunggal memberikan respon estrus dan konsentrasi hormon estrogen yang berbeda pada ternak perlakuan, respon estrus, dan konsentrasi hormon estrogen lebih tinggi pada kambing Kacang. (Kata kunci: Kambing Kacang, Kambing Bligon, CIDR, Estrogen)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis sperma untuk Inseminasi Buatan (IB) pada ayam kampung terhadap fertilitas telurnya. Dosis IB ini berguna untuk mengetahui perbandingan jantan dan betina yang paling efisien dalam suatu pemeliharaan. Sperma ditampung dan dicampur dari 5 ekor ayam Pelung jantan yang berumur sekitar 52 minggu. Sperma yang telah diketahui konsentrasinya kemudian dibagi menjadi 3 bagian dan masing-masing diencerkan dengan NaCl fisiologis sehingga diperoleh dosis akhir yaitu 25x106/0,1 ml (dosis 1); 75x106/0,1 ml (dosis 2); dan 150x106/0,1 ml (dosis 3). Sembilan ekor ayam kampung betina diinseminasi untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis terhadap fertilitas telur. Ayam betina yang digunakan adalah ayam kampung yang berumur sekitar 30 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dosis sperma tidak berpengaruh pada fertilitas telur ayam kampung. Fertilitas telur untuk masing-masing perlakuan dosis 1, 2, dan 3 adalah 44,13±20,84; 66,67±23,57; dan 58,75±14,36%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah dosis sperma tidak berpengaruh pada fertilitas telur ayam kampung. (Kata kunci: Ayam kampung, Dosis sperma, Inseminasi buatan)

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This study was aimed to obtain viability of Ettawa Crossbred spermatozoa into day 14th on with the addition of crude tannin (CT). The design used was one-way completely randomized design with five replications and five treatments. The data of value identified sperm were analyzed descriptively. Sperm quality data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-W-test procedure. The results showed that the sperm quality characteristics were as the followed: volume 1.4+0.42 ml; pH 6.84+0.27; creamy milk color; consistency thick; motility ++ and concentration (328.8+80.74) x 107/ml semen. Spermatozoa viability were K0 (control) 29.89+16.52%; K1 (CT 2.5%) 65.33+8.95%; K2 (CT 5%) 58.20+12.4%; K3 (CT 10%) 52.61+15.34%; and K4 (CT 20%) 47.84+13.84%. It was concluded that the addition of 2.5% crude tannin gave significant effect on viability of Ettawa Crossbred spermatozoa during 14 days storage, whereas addition of 20% crude tannin had caused low percentage of live spermatozoa. (Key words: Spermatozoa, Crude tannin, Viability)

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