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The most of 9 tested antimicrobial agents showed considerable in vitro effectiveness against tested M. conjunctivae isolates. The most effective were enrofloxacin, tiamulin, chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline, followed by tylosin and gentamicin. The highest resistance was recorded with chloramphenicol, neomycin, and streptomycin Until now only a limited number of reports on sensitivity testing of M. conjunctivae isolates are available. Remarkable in vitro sensitivity of our M. conjunctivae isolates to tetracyclines was verified by good results obtained by topic and systemic administration of these drugs during the first outbreak of ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis in Croatia. It can be concluded from our study that enrofloxacin, tiamulin, tetracyclines and tylosin are promising for the local and/or systemic treatment of IKC in small ruminants. Taking into account the broader antibacterial activity and possibilities of incorporation in ophthalmic preparations, tetracyclines may be preferred.

In two separate herds of fattening calves a sudden-onset outbreak of ocular disease with profuse lacrimation occurred. The disease resembled the early stage of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis but after a few days the clinical signs of bronchopneumonia appeared. From conjunctival swabs Mycoplasma (M.) bovigenitalium, M. bovirhinis and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus were isolated.Moraxella bovis infection was not established. In one of the herds M. bovigenitalium was also found in the pneumonic lungs of dead calves. In one herd M. bovoculi was isolated from a cow with chronic keratoconjunctivitis, housed together with affected calves. Mycoplasmas were not isolated from ocular swabs of six bulls originating from a Reproductive Centre with temporary occurrence of unilateral serous conjunctivitis resistant to antibiotic therapy.

In the control of fowl mycoplasmoses various antimicrobials have been used. Of these, tetracycline antibiotics, tylosin, tyamulin, linco-spectin, danofloxacin and enrofloxacin are therapeutics of choise in current poultry praxis. Exept general view in sensitivity of avian mycoplasmas to various antimicrobials, in this paper the principles of their selection and use in the prophylaxis and therapy of mycoplasmoses caused by single avian pathogens are presented.

In several articles under common title Fowl Mycoplasmoses an outline of scientific achievements on ethiopathogenesis of these diseases in fowl and other avian species is given. Except epidemiology, clinical and pathoanatomical findings, diagnostics procedures of mycoplasmoses are described. Immunoprophylaxis, as well as the use of antibiotics in treatment and prevention of these diseases is presented. Eradication of mycoplasmal infections in intensive fowl production is also described.