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Objective: This study evaluated the effect of yeast products on growth performance, visceral organ weights, endogenous enzyme activities, ileal nutrient digestibility and meat yield of broiler chickens fed diets containing autolyzed whole yeast (WY) and yeast cell walls (YCW) at varying levels of inclusion.Methods: Nine dietary treatments consisting of WY or YCW included at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 g/kg diet and a control diet without yeast supplementation was used in the experiment. Each of the nine treatments was replicated six times with nine birds per replicate. Birds were housed in cages, in climate-controlled rooms and fed starter, grower and finisher diets.Results: There was an improvement (p

The experiment was carried out to determine the optimum levels of dietary tryptophan (Trp) to investigate the growth performance, meat yields and cost effectiveness of commercial broiler chickens. A total number of 576 day-old Cobb 500 straight run broiler chicks were used in this trial. Four dietary treatments were considered for comparison and each treatment had eight replications with 18 birds per replication. A corn-soya based basal diet was formulated. Diets were provided into two different phases: starter and grower phase. Starter diet was fed up to 21 days and grower diet was provided for 22-35 days. First group of chicks fed basal diet considered as control diet (Trp 100%), the other experimental treatments (T2 to T4) were supplemented with increasing levels of tryptophan (Trp) at 115%, 130% and 145% respectively where recommendation is 100%. Birds were kept under identical conditions of management throughout the experimental period (0-35 d). Performance parameters were recorded on a weekly basis and the meat yield traits were measured at the end of the experimental period. Trp supplementation at increasing levels significantly (P [J Bangladesh Agril Univ 2020; 18(1.000): 124-130]

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental DL-methionine (MET) on live performance and meat yield for broilers raised to a common weight. A total of 1552 one-day old Ross 708, sexed broilers were randomly distributed to 32 pens resulting in eight treatments (TRT) of four replicates with 44 male or 53 female/pen. A randomized complete block with a 2 × 4 (sex × 4 MET levels 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg) factorial arrangement of TRT was used. A common weight of 2400 g was approached by day 46 (1 and 2 g MET/kg feed) and day 48 (0 and 0.5 g MET/kg feed). Supplementation of MET at 1, and 2 g/kg had a lower (p &lt, 0.01) feed conversion ratio (FCR) at day 46/48 than broilers fed 0.5 g MET/kg. Broilers without supplemental MET had the worst (p &lt, 0.01) feed conversion and average daily gain (ADG) at day 46/48. Birds fed 0 g MET/kg of feed had lower (p &lt, 0.05) whole eviscerated carcass without giblets (WOG), yield than birds fed 2 g MET/kg of feed. Additionally, birds fed 0 g MET/kg of feed had lower (p &lt, 0.05) breast fillet and tender percent yields than birds fed supplemental MET. Elimination of MET from organic broiler diets resulted in reduced ADG, breast fillet yield and feed efficiency of meat yield of broilers raised to day 46/48. Reduction in MET supplementation below current levels reduced the efficiency of meat production of organic broilers raised to day 46/48.

The accompanying dataset for this article is available at: Santos, Midian N.; Rothschild, Daniel; Widowski, Tina M.; Barbut, Shai; Kiarie, Elijah G.; Mandell, Ira; Guein, Michele T.; Edwards, A. Michelle; Torrey, Stephanie, 2022, "Replication data for: In pursuit of a better broiler: carcass traits and muscle myopathies in conventional and slower-growing strains of broiler chickens", https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/T36W8L, Scholars Portal Dataverse. Selection for accelerated growth rate and high breast yield in broiler chickens have been associated with an increase in myopathies, including wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS). To investigate effects of growth rate on carcass traits and incidence of myopathies, 14 strains were evaluated, encompassing 2 conventional(CONV; strains B and C: ADG0-48 > 60 g/d)and 12 slower-growing (SL) strains. The latter were categorized based on growth rate: FAST (strains F, G, I and M; ADG0-62=53−55 g/d), MOD (strains E, H, O and S; ADG0-62=50-51 g/d), and SLOW (strains D, J, K and N; ADG0-62

There is interest in increasing the carcass value of surplus calves born in the dairy industry that are reared for beef production in New Zealand. This experiment evaluated the carcass of Angus and Hereford sires via progeny testing of beef-cross-dairy offspring grown on hill country pasture. Weight and carcass traits were analyzed from 1015 animals and 1000 carcasses of 73 sires. The mean of the progeny group means was 567 kg for live weight at slaughter, 277 kg for carcass weight, 48.9% for dressing-out, 240.3 cm for carcass length, 73.6 cm2 for eye muscle area, 7.4 mm for rib fat depth, 0.91 for marble score, 3.05 for fat color score, 3.01 for meat color score, and 5.62 for ultimate pH. Sire affected (p &lt, 0.05) carcass size and fat traits, but not fat color, meat color, or ultimate pH (p &gt, 0.05). There was a 46 kg increase in carcass weight between the best and worst sires tested. Carcass fat traits were the most variable among sires. The use of genetically superior beef-breed sires over dairy-breed cows has the potential to increase carcass weights from surplus calves born in the dairy industry, while maintaining adequate fat levels and carcass quality.

A 35-d experiment was conducted in broilers to study the effect of supplementation of sulfate or hydroxychloride forms of Zn and Cu at 2 supplemental Zn levels on growth performance, meat yield, and tissue levels of Zn. On day 0, 900 male Ross 308 broiler chicks (45 ± 1.10 g) were allocated to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design and 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors were 2 sources (sulfate or hydroxychloride) of Zn and Cu and 2 levels (low or high) of Zn. The Zn sources were zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZSM) or hydroxychloride Zn. Copper sources were copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate or hydroxychloride Cu. Each of the 4 treatments had 15 replicates and 15 birds per replicate. Birds were weighed on days 0, 21, and 35 for growth performance. On day 35, left tibia bone, liver, and blood were collected from 4 randomly selected birds per pen. In addition, 7 birds per pen were used for carcass evaluation. There was no significant source × level interaction on any of the growth performance response. Broiler chickens receiving hydroxychloride Zn and Cu had greater (P < 0.05) gain: feed, whereas broiler chickens receiving lower Zn level had greater (P < 0.01) weight gain. There was no source × level interaction on meat yield. Broiler chickens receiving hydroxychloride Zn and Cu had greater (P < 0.05) % breast yield than those receiving sulfate Zn and Cu. Higher level of Zn, irrespective of source, produced greater (P < 0.01) tibia and plasma Zn levels, whereas liver Cu was greater (P < 0.05) in broiler chickens receiving hydroxychloride Zn and Cu. It was concluded that hydroxychloride Zn and Cu were more efficacious than sulfate Zn and Cu in promoting growth performance and enhancing meat yield in the current study.

Objective: Pellet durability, particle size distribution, growth response, tibia bone characteristics and energy retention were measured to evaluate cassava as an alternative energy source to replace maize in broiler diets with or without Ronozyme (A+VP) enzyme composites.Methods: A total of 480 one-day broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 8 treatments in a 4×2 factorial arrangement. Four levels of cassava: (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%) and 2 levels of enzymes (0 and 500 g/tonne) were used. Each treatment was replicated six times, with ten birds per replicate.Results: The particle size distribution in the diets showed an increasing trend of small particles with increase in cassava level. Pellet durability decreased (p

Broiler meat quality depends on the interaction of several factors, including genotype, slaughter age/body weight, pre-slaughter handling, and slaughter method. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of slaughter weight on meat yield and quality of broilers. The material consisted of 42 broilers, classified into three groups: lighter (3000 g). The following meat yield parameters were measured: cold carcass weight, breast weight before and after deboning, breast skin and bone weights, thigh weight before and after deboning, thigh skin and bone weights, drumstick weight before and after deboning, and drumstick skin and bone weights. Meat pH (M. pectoralis major) and instrumental colour (breast and drumstick) were measured 24 h post-mortem. Meat quality classes (pale, soft and exudative and normal meat) were determined based on breast muscle L* value. Heavier broilers had higher (P0.05) affected by slaughter weight. In conclusion, production of heavy broilers had a beneficial effect on meat quantity, while the effect of slaughter weight on meat quality was negligible. Kvalitet mesa brojlera zavisi od interakcije velikog broja faktora, uključujući genotip, starost/telesnu masu, postupaka pre i posle klanja. Cilj ovog ispitivanja bio je da se ispita uticaj telesne mase na prinos i kvalitet mesa brojlera. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na 42 brojlera, grupisanih u tri grupe: brojleri telesne mase manje od 2500 g, brojleri telesne mase između 2500 i 3000 g i brojleri telesne mase veće od 3000 g. Ispitivani su sledeći pokazatelji prinosa mesa: masa hladnog trupa, masa grudi pre i posle otkoštavanja, masa kože i kostiju grudi, masa karabataka pre i posle otkoštavanja, masa kože i kostiju karabataka, masa bataka pre i posle otkoštavanja i masa kože i kostiju bataka. Od pokazatelja kvaliteta mesa određivani su pH vrednost grudne muskulature, instrumentalno (L*, a* i b*) boja grudne muskulature, karabataka i bataka 24 časa nakon klanja. Meso brojlera je razvrstavano u klase kvaliteta (bledo, meko, vodenasto – BMV i meso normalnog kvaliteta) na osnovu L* vrednosti instrumentalno određene boje u M. pectoralis major. Brojleri velike telesne mase imali su veću masu hladnog trupa, kao i veću masu grudi, karabataka i bataka u poređenju sa brojlerima iz druge dve grupe. Nije utvrđen uticaj telesne mase na pokazatelje kvaliteta mesa brojlera. Stoga se može zaključiti da se klanjem brojlera velike telesne mase dobija najveći prinos mesa što predstavlja dobru sirovinu za dalju preradu. Sa druge strane, utvrđen je zanemarljiv uticaj telesne mase na kvalitet mesa brojlera.

Objective: The experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of inorganic trace minerals (ITM) and three forms of organic trace minerals (OTM) (propionate, metho-chelated, and proteinate) on growth performance, edible meat yield, immunity, and profitability of commercial broilers. Materials and methods: A corn-soya based mash diet comprising four treatments each of 10 replicates were fed to 720 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks for 35 days (starter diet 021 days and grower diet 2235 days). The diets for comparison were as follows: diet 1: control diet with ITM premix at 1 kg/ton of feed (T1); diet 2: control diet supplemented with propionate trace minerals at 600 gm/ton (T2); diet 3: control diet supplemented with metho-chelated trace minerals at 500 gm/ton by reducing 225 gm methionine/ton of feed (T3); and diet 4: control diet supplemented with proteinate trace minerals at 500 gm/ton of feed (T4). Growth performance, carcass yield, and antibody titer (AT) data were recorded. Data were analyzed and interpreted using SAS Computer Package Program version 9.1. Results: Feeding propionate and proteinate OTM showed similar performance. Birds fed these two types (propionate and proteinate) or OTM had better performance in comparison with those receiving ITM and metho-chelated one. Proteinate group produced more wing meat and propionate group showed higher breast and drumstick meat yield as compared with those received the metho-chelated trace mineral and ITM. The birds belonging to OTM groups showed significantly higher AT level against infectious bursal disease. Proteinate minerals groups showed higher profitability followed by propionate fed broilers. Conclusion: Two forms of OTM, propionate and proteinate improved performance of commercial broilers over those of ITM and metho-chelated one. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6(1.000): 66-73]

Gamogenetic cycle, the condition index and meat yield of the Arca noae Linnaeus, 1758 (Noah’s ark shell) were followed in Gerence Bay (Aegean Sea, Turkey), between August 2009 and July 2010. Temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, particulate organic and inorganic matter were monitored during the sampling period. According to histological observation, inactive stage was determined as 100% in September. the spawning period was observed through the year except September, with a peak from April to June. Sex ratios were not equal and females were dominant during the study period (2:1). Meat yield, condition index and gonad index reveal a positive relationship between each other (P?0.05). Among environmental parameters, inverse relationship was only found between particulate inorganic matter and reproduction (P?0.05)., Bu çalışmada Gerence Körfezi’nde (Ege Denizi, Türkiye) Arca noaeLinnaeus, 1758 türünün (Nuhun gemisi) gametogenik döngüsü, kondisyon indeksi ve et verimi Ağustos 2009 ve Temmuz 2010 tarihleri arasında takip edilmiştir. Her örnekleme döneminde sıcaklık, tuzluluk, klorofil-a, partikül organik ve partikül inorganik madde içeriği belirlenmiştir. Yapılan histolojik çalışmalara göre dinlenme safhası Eylül ayında %100 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Eylül ayının dışında, döl atımı tüm yıl boyunca gözlenmiş ve Nisan ile Haziran ayları arasında yüksek değerlerde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyet oranı eşit olarak tespit edilmemiştir ve dişiler popülasyonda baskındır (2:1). Et verimi, kondisyon indeksi ve gonadindeksi arasında pozitif ilişki tespit edilmiştir (P?0.05). Çevresel parametreler içerisinde sadece partikül inorganik madde ile üreme arasında ters ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P?0.05).

The Chilote sheep has been developed in an isolated environment, based on grazing lands with low nutritive value belonging to small-scale producers, because of which there is little information about the use of this breed for meat production. The objective of this work was to determine the effects on lamb carcasses of two breeds with different productive purposes and fed on pastures with different nutritional quality. Three groups of lambs were used. The first and second groups were composed of 13 and 11 Chilote lambs respectively, and the third composed of six Suffolk Down lambs. Lambs remained with their mothers, the first group on naturalized pasture and the rest on rangeland. Animals were slaughtered at 90 d of age. Live weight, carcass weight and yield, and several zoometric parameters were determined, as well as the weight of commercial cuts and the muscle, bone and fat ratios. Hide and hoof weights were also measured. For the effect of breed, Chilote lamb is narrower (P ≤ 0.05) than Suffolk Down, but with a higher proportion of hide (P ≤ 0.05) and hooves (P ≤ 0.05). The type of pasture only affected hot carcass yield, which was higher in Chilote lamb with naturalized pasture than with rangeland (P ≤ 0.05). There were no effects of breed or pasture type on the main characteristics of the lamb carcasses.

In this study,changes in meat yield, nutritional and fatty acid composition depending onseasons of sea snail (Rapana venosa)captured commercially in the Eastern Black Sea Region were investigated. Thesamples were collected from total twelve stations in Giresun, Trabzon, Rize andArtvin by scuba and free diving. Sea snail length and weight ranged from 52.85to 74.27 mm, and from 66.71 to 78.97 g. Meat yields (%) in summer and autumnwere higher than spring and winter. Average meat yields were determined as19.50 %. Amounts of dry matter, crude ash, crude protein and crude fat percentin biochemical parameters were changed depending on seasons and stations,minimum - maximum values of the seasons were found as 23.87-25.36 %, 2.23-2.35%, 15.36-17.16 %, 0.46-0.73 %, respectively. The lowest and highest seasonalaverage ratio of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids in saturated fattyacids (SFA) were determined in summer and winter, respectively. There were nostatistical differences (p>0.05) among seasonal changes in total saturatedfatty acid (SFA) values. Total monounsaturated fatty acid (ΣMUFA) values rangedfrom 30.45 mg/100g to 54.84 mg/100g, and values in summer and spring hadstatistically significant difference (p, Bu çalışmada DoğuKaradeniz Bölgesinde ticari olarak avcılığı yapılan deniz salyangozunun (Rapana venosa) mevsime bağlı olarak etverimi, besin ve yağ asidi kompozisyonundaki değişimler incelenmiştir. Giresun,Trabzon, Rize ve Artvin illerindeki toplam 12 istasyondan tüplü ve serbestdalış yöntemi ile örneklemeler yapılmıştır. Deniz salyangozlarının % net etverimleri yaz ve sonbahar mevsimlerinde ilkbahar ve kış mevsimlerine göre dahayüksek tespit edilmiştir. Dört mevsimin genel ortalaması ise % 19,50 olaraksaptanmıştır. Biyokimyasal parametrelerden % kuru madde, % ham kül, % hamprotein ve % ham yağ miktarı mevsimlere ve istasyonlara bağlı olarakdeğişiklikler göstermekle beraber mevsimlere göre elde edilen minimum vemaksimum değerler sırasıyla % 23,87-25,36, % 2,23-2,35, % 15,36-17,16, %0,46-0,73 olarak bulunmuştur. Doymuş yağ asitleri grubundaki mevsimselortalamalarda palmitik (C16:0) ve stearik asit (C18:0) değerleri en düşükoranda yaz mevsiminde en yüksek oranda ise kış mevsiminde tespit edilmiştir.Toplam doymuş yağ asitlerindeki (ΣDYA) mevsimsel değişimin istatistiki açıdanönemli (p>0.05) olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Toplam tekli doymamış yağ asidi(ΣTDYA) miktarları 30,45 mg/100g ile 54,84 mg/100g arasında değişim göstermişolup yaz ve ilkbahar mevsimlerinde bulunan değerler diğer mevsimlerden eldeedilen değerler ile karşılaştırdığında farkın önemli (p

We evaluated carcass characteristics, weight and percentage of prepared commercial cuts of the primal pistol cut (PC) of 30 young crossbred bulls fed diets which included replacement levels (0, 25, 50, 70 and 100% of the dry matter, DM) of corn by babassu mesocarp bran (BMB). The experiment was a completely randomized design with six replicates. Slaughter weight was not affected by treatments. Hot and cold carcass weights decreased linearly (P

This study was carried out to determine the meat yield of tigris bream ( Acanthobrama marmid) caught in Karakaya dam lake. In this study, 51 A. marmid were used and these fishes were found to be 22.45 ± 15.02 cm in length and 145.69 ± 28.87 g in weight . Analysis of meat yield was based on the calculation of the ratio between the body weight and the weight of organs, body parts e.g. head, fins, and internal organs. In present study age composition, sexual ratio, age-length, age-weight, length- weight relationship and meat yield of A. marmid were determined. The weight rate of viscera, head, fins, skin, carcass of A.marmid according to total weight were calculated as 14.79%, 14.49% , 2.38%, 11.59% ve 57.92% respectively.

International audience; The objective of this study was to determine the protein requirements of female mule ducks during the starting (0 to 3 wk), growing (4 to 7 wk), and finishing (8 to 10 wk) periods. We performed 1 trial for each period. Five increasing dietary protein levels were tested for each period. All diets had the same ME content (12.12 MJ of ME/kg of feed), and the ratios between the main amino acids and lysine and the lysine-to-protein levels were similar. Six pens of 22 or 25 ducks were used per treatment. By adjustment with the more accurate model, the evolution of average BW, FCR, and weights of breast muscle and thighs with shanks was evaluated according to the protein level in the diets for each period. On the basis of our findings, 23.5, 15.4, and 13.8% CP levels could represent optimal levels in the starting, growing, and finishing diets, respectively. Increasing the protein level in diets for the starting, growing, and finishing periods from 15.4 to 25.3%, 10.8 to 16.6%, and 10.2 to 18.0%, respectively, decreased the efficiency of body protein deposition from 54 to 42%, 47 to 42%, and 79 to 45%, respectively. As a consequence, the nitrogen content in feces increased by 1.5-, 2.0-, and 1.9-fold, following a linear relationship with dietary nitrogen content

Investigations were realized within the program of protection of genetic resources of autochthonous goat breeds - Balkan goat breed. Trial was carried out on farms of individual producers, breeders on the territory of Svrljig region, on 12 male kids of average age of 63 days and average body mass prior to slaughtering of 10,54 kg. Objective of the research was to determine the meat yield (dressing percentage), share of by products of in body mass prior to slaughtering and in processed carcass, commercial value of carcass (by evaluation of conformation, covering of carcass and kidneys with fat tissue, colour of meat and tallow) and share of main carcass parts. Results of the research indicated that kids of Balkan goat breed at stated age have average body mass of 10,54 kg and yield of warm carcass with head and giblets of 58,89%, which is high value and is within the limits for yield realized by kids of approximate age of pure goat breeds. Shares of slaughter by products (rumen, small intestines, skin, abomasus), giblets (liver, lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys), fat tissue (peritoneum, kidney, mesentherium) and head in cooled carcass are also within the limits realized by kids of pure goat breeds. Commercial value of carcass, established based on assessment of conformation (scored as good), covering of carcass and kidneys with fat tissue (scored as medium), colour of meat and tallow (scored as very good) is good and within the values realized by kids of pure goat breeds. Quality of carcass evaluated based on share of main carcass parts of category I (thigh, loin part) of 33,41%, category II (back, shoulder, neck) of 38,68% and category III (breast, second fore thigh, second thigh) of 26,91%, was very good. Muscle, fat and binding tissue (meat in narrow sense) made 2/3, whereas bones made 1/3 of the mass of three rib cut, which is also very good. Ratio of muscle and fat tissue was also very favourable - 5,08. Ispitivanja su obavljena u okviru programa zaštite genetskih resursa autohtonih rasa koza - balkanske rase. Ogled je izveden kod individualnih odgajivača na području Svrljiškog regiona, na 12 muških jaradi prosečnog uzrasta 63 dana i prosečne telesne mase pred klanje od 10,54 kg. Cilj ispitivanja je bio da se utvrdi prinos mesa (randman), udeo pratećih proizvoda klanja u trupu pred klanje i u ohlađenom trupu, komercijalna vrednost trupa (ocenom konformacije, prekrivenosti trupa i bubrega masnim tkivom, boje mesa i loja) i udeo osnovnih delova trupa. Rezultati ispitivanja ukazuju da jarad balkanske koze u navedenom uzrastu imaju prosečnu telesnu masu od 10,54 kg i randman toplog trupa sa glavom i iznutricama od 58,89%, što predstavlja visoku vrednost i nalazi se u granicama vrednosti randmana koji postižu jarad približnog uzrasta plemenitijih rasa koza. Udeo pratećih proizvoda klanja (burag, tanka creva, koža, sirište), iznutrica (jetra, pluća, srce, slezina, bubrezi), masnog tkiva (peritoneum, bubrežno, opornjak) i glave u ohlađenom trupu su takođe u granicama koje postižu jarad plemenitijih rasa koza. Komercijalna vrednost trupa, utvrđena na osnovu ocene konformacije (ocenjena je kao povoljna), prekrivenosti trupa i bubrega masnim tkivom (ocenjena je kao osrednja), boje mesa i loja (ocenjene su kao veoma povoljne) je dobra i u okviru vrednosti koju imaju jarad plemenitijih rasa koza. Kvalitet trupa, procenjen na osnovu udela osnovnih delova trupa I kategorije (but, slabinski deo) od 33,41%, II kategorije (leđa, plećka vrat) od 38,68% i III kategorije (grudi, podlaktica potkolenica) od 26,91%, je veoma povoljan. Mišićno, masno i vezivno tkivo (meso u užem smislu) čini 2/3, dok kosti čine 1/3 mase trorebarnog isečka, što je veoma povoljno. Odnos mišićnog i masnog tkiva je takođe povoljan i iznosi 5,08.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:22:02Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:34:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-33846417258.pdf: 454722 bytes, checksum: 08f9417a2540cfbc1a6f6491da9c5e63 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:22:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-01 The objective of the present study was to analyze the meat yield for both sexes of the crab Callinectes bocourti in the region of Iguape, Brazil. The carapace width for males was 78.1-114.0 mm (96.7 ± 9.5 mm) and for females 76.0-106.3 mm (93.0 ± 7.8 mm). In males, the total wet weight ranged from 65.53 to 224.36 g (134.04 ± 40.77 g) and for females from 56.66 to 164.74 g (105.93 ± 26.88 g). A comparison of morphological structures revealed that the greatest meat yield was in the carapace (55.1%), followed by the right chela (16.9%), the left chela (15.9%), and the legs (12.1%). The total yield from the males (28.5%) was slightly higher than that from the females (22.1%). In general, portunids yield more meat than other crab species. The results of this study will allow the optimization of meat production for this crab species. Manual meat removal makes the process more expensive. This activity could offer an alternative to the fishing communities that live exclusively from this fishery resource. © 2007 Escuela de Ciencias del Mar Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Universidade Estadual Paulista Campus do Litoral Paulista Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praca Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente (SP) Universidade Estadual Paulista Campus do Litoral Paulista Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praca Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente (SP)

Heifers grazing oat pasture (OP) at two locations in Argentina, Argerich (ARG) and Pasman (PAS), were subjected to one of three different dietary supplement treatments: (1) control (CON, no supplement), (2) sorghum hay (SH), or (3) alfalfa-grass hay (AGH), all provided ad libitum in individual pens. The variables measured were: dry matter (DM) yield and composition of OP, hay intake, average daily weight gain (ADG), rumen pH and NH3-N, and blood mineral levels. DM availability did not limit OP intake. OP crude protein (CP) content ranged from 11.3 to 13% at ARG, and 10.7 to 13.3% at PAS. OP-minerals varied with location; the mean K/(Ca + Mg) ratios were 5.68 meq (ARG) and 4.82 meq (PAS). Heifers ate more AGH (785 g) than SH (684 g; P = 0.08). Hay consumption was 2.88 times greater at PAS than at ARG (P < 0.05). ADG was larger with SH (558 g) and AGH 594 g than with CON treatment (454 g); the average for ARG animals was 571 g compared to 500 g for PAS animals (P

Two savannah-like grassland systems (dehesas) in the province of Salamanca (Spain), developed on decomposing slate and granite soils and used for extensive meat production, were examined over a period of three years to determine the stocking rate they could support, their indices of pasture utilization, and the metabolisable energy necessary for meat production. The effective stocking rates were 0.36 and 0.30 cows ha-1 year-1 on the slate and granite systems respectively. The energy provided by supplementary feed was the 34% of the annual nutritional requirements of the herds, but reached more than 60% in the months of greatest need. Pasture utilization was 40% on the slate soil and 38% on the granite soil. The live weight obtained per reproductive cow was between 128 and 217 kg, equivalent to a weight per hectare of 57-90 kg year-1, of which 85% corresponded to calf production. The mean metabolisable energy required for producing one kilogram of meat (live weight) was 361 MJ on the slate soil and 369 MJ on the granite soil (range 215-499 MJ), depending on the year. En dos sistemas adehesados ubicados en suelos de descomposición de pizarras y granitos, dedicados a producción de carne en extensivo, situados en la provincia de Salamanca, se estimó mediante un estudio de tres años de duración la carga ganadera que soportan, el índice de utilización del pasto y la energía metabolizable necesaria para la producción de carne. La carga ganadera real fue de 0,36 y 0,30 vacas ha-1 año-1 en pizarras y granitos, respectivamente. El aporte energético medio de la suplementación fue el 34% de las necesidades nutritivas anuales del rebaño, llegando a más del 60% en los meses más deficitarios; la utilización del pasto ofertado fue del 40 y 38%; por vaca reproductora se obtuvieron entre 128 y 217 kg de peso vivo, equivalente a un peso por hectárea entre 57 y 90 kg año-1, de los que el 85% corresponde a la producción de terneros. Para producir 1 kg de carne (peso vivo) fue necesario ofertar una cantidad media de energía metabolizable de 361 y 369 MJ en pizarras y granitos, respectivamente, con un rango entre 215 y 499 MJ. Estas oscilaciones dependen fundamentalmente del año y del sistema.

This paper reports the effect of caponization on production indices and carcass and meat characteristics in free-range Extremeña Azul chickens. At 11 weeks, capon body weight was significantly lower than that of roosters (p < 0.05), although it was similar at slaughter. There were no significant differences in the corresponding percentages of abdominal fat and eviscerated carcass. However, the corresponding percentages of wings, breast and butchered portions (thighs + drumsticks + wings + breast) were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in capons. However, the corresponding percentages of neck, thighs + drumsticks, and the edible portion of the thighs + drumsticks were greater in roosters (p < 0.05). In tests involving 48 consumers, no significant differences were detected in capon and rooster meat organoleptic characteristics. Se realizó un estudio para evaluar el efecto de la castración sobre índices productivos y características de la canal y de la carne de pollos de la raza Extremeña Azul criados en extensivo. La castración disminuyó significativamente el peso vivo de los capones a las 11 semanas de edad (p < 0,05). A la edad de sacrificio (228 días) capones y gallos presentaron pesos similares. No hubo diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de grasa abdominal y en el rendimiento de la canal eviscerada. Sin embargo, el porcentaje de alas, de pechuga y el rendimiento del despiece fue significativamente mayor (p < 0,05) en los capones, mientras que el porcentaje de cuello, de muslos + contramuslos y de producto consumible de muslos + contramuslos fue mayor en los gallos (p < 0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en las características organolépticas de la carne de capón y de gallo percibidas por 48 consumidores.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the compensatory responses of pig to feed restriction during the growth period. Eighty Dalland pigs (40 boars and 40 gilts) and 60 Large White × (Large White × Landrace) barrows were used in two different experiments. They were slaughtered at 97 and 122 kg. During the restriction period, the animals were restricted by 46% and 25% of their ad libitum consumptions in experiment 1 and 2 respectively. The restriction periods lasted 28 and 35 days respectively. Considering the whole study period, in experiment 1 the average daily weight gain and food intake were lower for restricted pigs compared to those fed ad libitum: 762 vs 856 g (P < 0.03) and 2147 vs 2396 g (P < 0.08). However, the feed conversion ratio was no different: 2.83 vs 2.80 g g-1 (P < 0.81). In this experiment, the interaction treatment x sex was not significant in either test. When performance over the total period was examined in experiment 2 (moderate restriction), a stronger trend was seen towards a greater average daily weight gain in groups with restricted access to feed (853 vs 821 g in those fed ad libitum, P < 0.11). No significant differences were observed for average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and dorsal fat thickness (measured at the 14th rib by ultrasound) (2638 vs 2635 g, 3.09 vs 3.2 g g-1 and 16,9 vs 16.2 mm respectively). Se realizaron dos experimentos para estudiar el efecto de la restricción de alimento sobre el crecimiento de cerdos en cebo. En el experimento 1 se utilizaron 80 cerdos Dalland, 40 machos enteros y 40 hembras y en el experimento 2, 60 machos castrados Large White × (Large White × Landrace) que se sacrificaron a los 97 y 122 kg, respectivamente. En el periodo de crecimiento la mitad de los cerdos recibieron alimentación restringida al 46 y 25% del consumo ad libitum durante 28 y 35 días en los experimentos 1 y 2 respectivamente. En el experimento 1, durante el periodo total de cebo, la ganancia media diaria y el consumo medio diario de pienso fueron menores en los cerdos con alimentación restringida que en los que recibieron alimentación ad libitum: 762 vs 856 g (P < 0,03) y 2147 vs 2396 g (P < 0,08). Sin embargo, no se apreciaron diferencias significativas en el índice de transformación del alimento (2,83 vs 2,80 g g-1; P < 0,81). En este experimento la interacción tratamiento x sexo no fue significativa. En el experimento 2 la restricción más moderada aplicada durante la fase de crecimiento se tradujo en que los cerdos con alimentación restringida tendieron a crecer más que los que recibieron alimentación ad libitum: 853 vs 821 g día-1 (P

The aim of this study was to conduct cultural energy (CE) analyses of beef cattle animals with different initial weights. Data were obtained by a questionnaire administered to 100 beef farms selected by stratified random sampling. The beef farms were divided into three groups based on initial animal weights and were analyzed. Initial weights were assigned as light (276 kg, 32 farms). Cultural energy used for feed for the treatments was derived from their lot feed consumption and values from the literature. Transportation energy was included in the analysis. As the objective of the study was to evaluate CE analysis of the feeding systems, energy that the calves had deposited in muscle and fat tissue, when they were purchased was deducted from carcass energy. Total expended CE was highest for the lighter animals (P El propósito de este estudio fue realizar análisis de la energía para el engorde (CE) de ganado vacuno con diferentes pesos iniciales. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante un cuestionario dirigido a 100 granjas de vacuno seleccionadas por un método de muestreo estratificado y al azar. Las granjas fueron clasificadas en tres grupos, de acuerdo a los pesos iniciales, y analizadas. De acuerdo al peso inicial fueron agrupadas como ligeras (< 226 kg, 37 granjas), intermedias (226-276 kg, 31 granjas) y pesadas (> 276 kg, 32 granjas). La energía utilizada para la alimentación en los tratamientos se obtuvo de los consumos correspondientes de cada uno de los lotes y de los valores de la bibliografía. La energía de transporte también se incluyó en el análisis. Puesto que el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el análisis de CE de los sistemas de engorde, la energía que los terneros habían depositados en músculo y en tejido graso cuando fueron comprados se descontó de la energía de la canal. La CE total gastada fue superior para los más ligeros (P

This paper reports two experiments, the aims of which were to contribute to the development of the single farrowing production system for pigs. The first reports the induction of oestrus in three groups of 70 Duroc gilts (167 days old, body weight 93.6 kg) via the injection of either 1000, 600 or 400 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) plus 500, 200 or again 200 IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) respectively. No significant differences were observed among these treatments with respect to the percentage of gilts entering oestrus, their fertility or their prolificacy. The average number of piglets weaned per farrowed gilt was 5.61, 5.66 and 6.69 (P < 0.05) while the number of pigs weaned per induced gilt was 2.33, 2.67 and 3.34 respectively (P < 0.05). The second experiment, designed to analyse carcass quality, involved 30 Duroc gilts aged 167 days and weighing 93.9 kg. Ten empty gilts were slaughtered at 197 days and at a mean weight of 112.1 kg, another 10 in which oestrus was induced with PG-600 —but which were not allowed to nurse their piglets— were slaughtered 4 days after farrowing and at a mean of 136.9 kg, and the remaining 10, which nursed their young, were slaughtered 10 days after a 21 day lactation period and at a mean body weight of 135.4 kg. The average daily weight gain during gestation was 0.418 kg. Weight loss during lactation was 0.159 kg day -1 . The mean weight of the pigs at birth, when weaned and at 60 days post-weaning was 1.28, 4.5 and 18.2 kg respectively. The carcass length, carcass yield and the back fat thickness of the farrowing but non-nursing and the nursing gilts were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the empty gilts. The weight of their hams and forelegs were, however, lower with respect to overall carcass weight (P < 0.05). Additional key words: gilts, induction of oestrus, productive results. Resumen Resultados productivos del sistema de manejo a un solo parto en ganado porcino

Carcasses of Churro Galego Bragançano purebred and Suffolk and Merino Precoce crossbred lambs reared under three different conventional production system of northeast of Portugal were evaluated. Carcasses of male lambs had larger muscle longissimus width (P < 0.05) and smaller subcutaneous fat thickness (P < 0.05) than the female lambs. Carcasses of crossbred lambs had higher (P < 0.05) compactness indices and leg and shoulder proportion than Bragançano purebred. Suffolk crossed had lower KKCF proportion (P < 0.05) than Bragançano and Merino crossbred lambs. Male lambs had higher (P < 0.05) muscle proportion in almost all carcass joints than the female lambs. It was concluded that Suffolk can be used as sire breed in Bragançano ewes to produce lambs with leaner and more compact carcasses and better fat distribution, which allows slaughtering at higher slaughter weight, specially in more intensive production systems. Female lambs should be slaughtered at lower carcass weight than male lambs in order to produce carcasses with the same fattening degree. Se evaluaron canales de corderos Churra Galega Bragançana y se cruzaron con Suffolk y Merino Precoz criados en tres sistemas de producción en el nordeste de Portugal. Los corderos machos presentaron el músculo longissimus más ancho (P < 0.05) y con menor (P < 0.05) espesor de grasa subcutánea que las hembras. Los corderos cruzados tuvieron mayores (P < 0.05) índices de compacidad y de proporciones de pierna y espalda que los Bragançanos. Los corderos cruzados Suffolk tuvieron menor proporción de grasa perirrenal que los Bragançanos y cruzados Merino. Los corderos machos tuvieron mayores (P < 0.05) proporciones de músculo, en casi todos los cortes, que las hembras. Se concluye que se pueden utilizar sementales Suffolk sobre ovejas Bragançanas para producir corderos con canales más magras, más compactas y con mejor distribución de la grasa, permitiendo sacrificios a pesos más elevados, especialmente en los sistemas de producción más intensivos. Las hembras deben ser sacrificadas con pesos más bajos para producir canales con el mismo estado de engrasamiento que los machos.

The main objective of this experiment was to asses the effect of acorn size consumed during the fattening period (90.1-137.9 kg) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and fat quality from Iberian pigs. Two groups of eight barrows were located in individual cages and fed ad libitum with acorns in confinement. One group of pigs received acorns of large size (average weight 4.26 g) and the other one acorns of small size (2.49 g). The pigs that received small acorns had lower average daily intake (5.5 kg) than those pigs given large acorns (5.7 kg) and consequently, weight average daily gain and carcass weight were significantly lower (0.7 vs 0.6 kg and 111.1 vs 106.2 kg respectively). The acorn size had not significant influence on major fatty acids proportions contained in subcutaneous fat and intramuscular Longissimus dorsi muscle. El objetivo principal de este experimento fue investigar la influencia del tamaño de bellota consumida durante el periodo de cebo (90,1-137,9 kg) sobre los resultados productivos, calidad de la canal y de la grasa de cerdos Ibéricos. Dos grupos de ocho cerdos Ibéricos machos castrados fueron alojados individualmente en estabulación y alimentados ad líbitum sólo con bellota. Un grupo recibió bellotas de tamaño grande (4,26 g) y el otro de tamaño pequeño (2,49 g). Los cerdos que fueron alimentados con bellotas pequeñas tuvieron una ingestión media diaria de bellota inferior (5,5 kg) que los que fueron alimentados con bellotas grandes (5,7 kg) y, como consecuencia, menor ganancia media diaria de peso (0,7 vs 0,6 kg), y peso canal (111,1 vs 106,2 kg). El tamaño de bellota consumida no tuvo influencia significativa sobre las proporciones de los principales ácidos grasos contenidas en la grasa dorsal subcutánea y en la intramuscular del músculo Longissimus dorsi.