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Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:51:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-06. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:39:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1809-68912014000200006.pdf: 234922 bytes, checksum: 9d52478a563f13c3b41c135015fbf105 (MD5) Nas últimas décadas, a carcinicultura de água doce foi um dos setores que mais cresceu na aquicultura. Muitas pesquisas têm sido realizadas a fim de buscar metodologias para uma produção sustentável, ou seja, lucrativa e com baixo impacto ambiental. Neste contexto, o presente estudo objetivou analisar a qualidade da água de abastecimento e do efluente gerado na fase de crescimento final do cultivo do camarão-da-amazônia (Macrobrachium amazonicum). Foram analisados 12 viveiros de fundo natural, com fluxo contínuo de água e densidade de estocagem de 40, 60, 80 e 100 juvenis/m². O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos inteiramente casualizados com quatro tratamentos e três repetições. Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas para Escherichia coli e análises físicas e químicas para pH, temperatura, sólidos totais suspensos, nitrogênio total, nitrito, nitrato, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio e demanda química de oxigênio da água de abastecimento e efluentes dos viveiros. Os resultados revelaram que a qualidade do efluente estava de acordo com a legislação vigente e que não ocorreu diferença significativa entre a água de abastecimento e efluente para as variáveis analisadas. Também não ocorreu diferença significativa entre as densidades de estocagem. Concluiu-se que a produção de M. amazonicum nas condições estudadas e a intensificação do cultivo na fase de crescimento final, até a densidade de 100 juvenis/m², para as variáveis analisadas, apresenta baixo potencial de impacto ambiental. In recent years shrimp culture farms have been one of the most growing sectors in aquaculture. Research has been carried out in order to establish a sustainable production maintaining profit and low environmental impact. Current investigation analyzed source and effluent water produced during the final grow-out phase of the Amazon shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum). Twelve natural-bottom ponds, with continuous water flow and stock density comprising 40, 60, 80 and 100 young shrimps/m² were analyzed. The experiment design comprised totally randomized blocks with four treatments and three replications. Microbiological analyses for Escherichia coli was attempted, coupled to physical and chemical analyses for pH, temperature, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of water supply and pond effluents. Results show that whereas effluent quality complied with current legal rules, there was no significant difference between supply and effluent water for the analyzed variables and between stock densities. Under the conditions investigated and the intensification of culture in the final grow-out phase up to a density of 100 young shrimps/m², the production of M. amazonicum reveals low potential for environmental impact for the variables analyzed. Universidade Estadual Julio de Mesquita Filho Universidade Federal de Pelotas Universidade Estadual Julio de Mesquita Filho

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:06:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The production of cheeses from unpasteurized milk is still widespread in Brazil, even with a legal ban imposed on its marketing. The manufacture of this cheese is a public health problem, due to the use of raw milk and the poor hygienic conditions throughout the supply chain process. Contamination may occur from several sources and involve several different pathogenic microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli. The latter can cause different clinical manifestations depending on the pathotype involved. Furthermore, some isolates manifest antimicrobial resistance and may be a risk for public health. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic E. coli in raw-milk cheese in Brazil and their possible risk to public health. A total of 83 cheeses were collected from three different cities and 169 E. coli isolates were characterized for the presence of enteropathogenic E. coli, Shigatoxigenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence genes, phylogenetic type, antimicrobial resistance, O serogroup, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The number of samples positive for E. coli was highest in Aracaju (90.32%, 28/31). The prevalence of samples positive for potential ExPEC genes was similar for Uberaba and Aracaju (23.07%); the most prevalent ExPEC virulence genes were tsh, iucD, and papC. Isolates from Uberaba had a higher prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (38.46%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (58.85%), and ampicillin (61.54%) than the other cities. Overall, antimicrobial resistance genes tetB, bla(TEM), and bla(CMY-2) were the most prevalent genes (26.32%, 15.79%, and 28.95%, respectively) and the most prevalent serotypes were O4 (8%), 018 (12%), and O23 (8%). Clones originating from the same regions and from different regions were observed. These results emphasize the presence of a potential danger for humans in the consumption of raw-milk cheeses in three cities in Brazil due to the presence of antimicrobial resistance, which should be monitored. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Reprod Anim, Jaboticabal, Brazil Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Ceara IFCE, Quixada, Brazil Univ Fed Pelotas, Dept Vet Prevent, Pelotas, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, Inst Biol, Dept Genet Evolucao & Bioagentes, Campinas, SP, Brazil Embrapa Caprinos & Ovinos, Sobral, Brazil Inst Tecnol Alimentos, Bauru, Brazil Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, 3200 Rue Sicotte, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 2M2, Canada Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Reprod Anim, Jaboticabal, Brazil FAPESP: 2011/04451-1

The objective of this experiment was to test the effects of the addition of chlorine to broiler drinking water during a 12-h preslaughter feed withdrawal period on reduction of the quantities of microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and enterococci, in broiler crops and ceca. Reduction of these microorganisms would likely also reduce contamination of broiler meat by pathogenic bacteria during processing. It was also investigated if the chlorine caused some intestinal damage that could disseminate the microorganisms to the carcass. A total of 40 Cobb male broilers were used. Samples of crop and cecal content were collected for microbiological analysis, and duodenum and jejunum were used for morphological analysis from 10 birds in each treatment. The most probable number (MPN) of E. coli and enterococci in the collected samples of crop and ceca and the measure of the free residual chlorine in water were determined. The scanning electron microscopy from duodenum and jejunum was used to illustrate the mucosa integrity. The chlorine added to water was efficient in reducing the quantities of microorganisms in broiler crops and improved the integrity of the mucosa. Therefore, preslaughter feed withdrawal should be coupled with crop disinfection, because preslaughter feed withdrawal increases the MPN of enterococci and E. coli in broiler crops. So, it presents a higher risk for carcass contamination during slaughterhouse processing and, consequently, a higher risk for public health.