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Monomorium sahlbergi Emery, 1898 Fig. 38 Monomorium sahlbergi Emery, 1898: 131 (w, q) Israel. Palearctic. Diagnosis This species is most similar to the cosmopolitan species Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758) from which it can be recognized by the fine longitudinal striations on head, the smooth first gastral tergite, and the dark patches in front of the eyes. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 1 w; Dhalkout; 16.707° N, 53.251° E; alt. 34 m; 19 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; CASENT0922875; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Monomorium sahlbergi prefers nesting directly in moist soil of banana plantations which is rich in decaying livestock feces (Sharaf et al. 2017c). Pselaphine beetles were observed close their nests in the Socotra Archipelago. Geographic range This species was described from India (Forel 1902) and is recorded from the Socotra Archipelago by Sharaf et al. (2017c). Our collection represents a new record for Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Emery C. 1898. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der palaearktischen Ameisen. Ofversigt af Finska Vetenskaps- Societetens Forhandlingar 20: 124 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 14980","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Collingwood C. A. & Aldawood S. A. 2017 c. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 51 (5 - 6): 317 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1271157","Forel A. 1902. Myrmicinae nouveaux de l'Inde et de Ceylan. Revue suisse de Zoologie 10: 165 - 249. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 13792"]}

Monomorium venustum (Smith, 1858) Fig. 43 Myrmica venusta Smith, 1858: 126 (w) Syria. Palearctic. Diagnosis Differential diagnosis is given under M. niloticum. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes In KSA, this species has been collected foraging on the ground near plants and other native vegetation. Several workers were observed carrying plant seeds and dead insects. Geographic range A species originally described from Syria and recorded from some countries in the Arabian Peninsula including Oman, KSA, Kuwait (Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Sharaf et al. 2015a). This species was recorded from Dhofar by Collingwood (1985) based on two workers. It closely resembles M. niloticum in size and color but has a considerably limited regional distribution., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Smith F. 1858. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. British Museum, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20858","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Sharaf M. R., Collingwood C. A., Al Dhafer H. M., Al Mutairi M. S. & Aldawood A. S. 2015 a. New synonyms of two Arabian ants of the genus Monomorium Mayr, 1855 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 505: 51 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 505.9441","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302."]}

Messor ebeninus Santschi, 1927 Fig. 34 Messor semirufus var. ebeninus Santschi, 1927: 229 (w) Lebanon. Palearctic. Diagnosis Uniform black, posterior margin of head with 1–5 setae at each side; propodeum broadly angulate; propodeum with 1–2 pairs of setae, one pair on each petiole and postpetiole; several pairs over gastral tergite. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 6 w; Dhalkout Road, Aghbaroot Village; 16.798° N, 53.554° E; alt. 1034 m; 18 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Dhalkout; 16.707° N, 53.251° E; alt. 34 m; 19 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Workers of this species can be found abundantly in most valleys of the Arabian Peninsula, nesting in ground under stones, and foraging in high numbers on ground and feeding on various plant seeds (Collingwood 1985). Geographic range Messor ebeninus was originally described from Lebanon and has been recorded from several Palearctic countries, including Oman, KSA, Kuwait, UAE, Yemen (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Collingwood et al. 2011), Egypt (Sharaf 2006), Israel (Vonshak & Ionescu-Hirsch 2009), Iran (Paknia et al. 2008), and Turkey (Kiran & Karaman 2012). This species is reported here for the first time in Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Santschi F. 1927. Revision des Messor du groupe instabilis Sm. (Hymenopt.). Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural 27: 225 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 14221","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474.","Sharaf M. R. 2006. Taxonomic and Ecological Studies on Family Formicidae (Order: Hymenoptera) in Egypt Including Some Protectorates With a Study of Some Insect Fauna Associated With Ant Species. PhD thesis [unpublished]. Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Entomology Department, Cairo.","Vonshak M. & Ionescu-Hirsch A. 2009. A checklist of the ants of Israel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 39: 33 - 55.","Paknia O., Radchenko A. G., Alipanah H. & Pfeiffer M. 2008. A preliminary checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Iran. Myrmecological News 11: 151 - 159.","Kiran K. & Karaman C. 2012. First annotated checklist of the ant fauna of Turkey (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 3548: 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3548.1.1"]}

Lepisiota canescens (Emery, 1897) Fig. 15 Acantholepis capensis var. canescens Emery, 1897: 601 (w) Somalia. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Body entirely black; general appearance moderately shining; pilosity long and abundant, especially on gaster; pronotum with five pairs of setae; whole body smooth except mesopleura transversely striate. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 6 w; Ayn Ashat; 16.998° N, 53.820° E; alt. 202 m; 21 Nov. 2017; BS; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 9 w; Ayn Razat; 17.124° N, 54.238° E; alt. 98 m; 20 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Dhalkout; 16.727° N, 53.249° E; alt. 623 m; 18 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922846; CASC. Ecological and biological notes This species was collected from a small tree of Vachellia using a beating sheet, whereas several individuals were found in leaf litter under another tree of Vachellia where the soil was dry. Geographic range This species was originally described from Somalia and was subsequently recorded from Oman and Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996), and KSA (Collingwood 1985). It has also been reported from Israel (Vonshak & Ionescu-Hirsch 2009) and Ethiopia (Sorger et al. 2017). Our records indicate that this species is relatively widely distributed in the southwestern mountains of the KSA where trees of Vachellia are abundant. This species has invaded a wide range of environments in Ethiopia and has the potential to become invasive affecting native species (Sorger et al. 2017). This species is reported for the first time in Dhofar. Remarks There are several infraspecific taxa of dubious identity originally described as varieties of Lepisiota capensis (Mayr, 1862), mostly known from the Afrotropical Region (Bolton 1995). The taxonomy of this group of species is poorly understood with numerous possible synonymies and other taxonomic amendment. This situation leads to difficulties in identification and uncertainty of species delimitations, but Taylor (2019) has sought to provide some clarification., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 25-27, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Emery C. 1897. Formiche raccolte da Don Eugenio dei Principi Ruspoli, durante l'ultimo suo viaggio nelle regioni dei Somali e dei Galla. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 38 [(2) 18]: 595 - 605.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Vonshak M. & Ionescu-Hirsch A. 2009. A checklist of the ants of Israel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 39: 33 - 55.","Sorger D. M., Booth W., Wassie Eshete A. M., Lowman M. & Moffett W. 2017. Outnumbered: a new dominant ant species with genetically diverse supercolonies in Ethiopia. Insectes Sociaux 64: 141 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00040 - 016 - 0524 - 9","Mayr G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen ZoologischBotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 649 - 776. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 25912","Bolton B. 1995. A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.","Taylor B. 2019. The Ants of Sub-Saharan Africa. Available from http: // antsofafrica. org [accessed 13 Jun. 2019]."]}

Tetramorium caldarium (Roger, 1857) Fig. 48 Tetrogmus caldarius Roger, 1857: 12 (w, q) Germany. Palearctic. Diagnosis Color yellow or yellow-brown, gaster brown or black-brown; frontal carinae distinct, running posteriorly behind level of eyes; antennal scrobes less-marked; eyes with seven to eight ommatidia in longest row; propodeal spines acute, small, and triangular; cephalic dorsum feebly and finely longitudinally rugulose; body setae stout, blunt, and short. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 4 w; Dhalkout Road, Aghbaroot Village; 16.798° N, 53.554° E; alt. 1034 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 2 w; Ayn Ashat; 16.998° N; 53.820° E; alt. 202 m; 21 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Razat; 17.130° N, 54.236° E; alt. 121 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Dhalkout; 16.693° N, 53.156° E; alt. 628 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 9 w; Ayn Hamran; 17.086° N, 54.280° E; alt. 56 m; 22 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922858; CASC. Ecological and biological notes The nesting habits of T. caldarium include soil, leaf litter or under stones where soil is rich in organic matter such as feces of domestic animals (camels). The species was collected from several sites near trees of Ziziphus. Several workers feigned death when disturbed. Geographic range Tetramorium caldarium was originally described from Poland and with a speculated African origin (Bolton 1980). The species has a wide global distribution (Wetterer & Hita Garcia 2015). It has been recorded from several countries in the Arabian Peninsula including Oman (Sharaf et al. 2018a), KSA, Yemen (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood & Agosti 1996), and the Socotra Archipelago (Collingwood et al. 2004; Sharaf et al. 2017c). Tetramorium caldarium is reported for the first time in Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Roger J. 1857. Einiges uber Ameisen. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 1: 10 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18570010106","Bolton B. 1980. The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Ethiopian zoogeographical region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 40: 193 - 384. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2330038 [accessed 25 Jul. 2022].","Wetterer J. K. & Hita Garcia F. 2015. Worldwide spread of Tetramorium caldarium (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 21: 93 - 99.","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Al Dhafer H. M., Polaszek A. & Aldawood A. S. 2018 a. Additions to the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Oman: an updated list, new records and a description of two new species. Asian Myrmecology 9: e 010004. https: // doi. org / 10.20362 / am. 010004","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Pohl H., Guesten R., Wranik W. & van Harten A. 2004. The ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Arabia 20: 473 - 495.","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Collingwood C. A. & Aldawood S. A. 2017 c. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 51 (5 - 6): 317 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1271157"]}

Monomorium subopacum (Smith, 1858) Fig. 42 Myrmica subopaca Smith, 1858: 127 (w, q) Portugal (Madeira Is.). Afrotropic. Diagnosis Color brown, gaster darker than head and mesosoma; eyes with 9–11 ommatidia in longest row; head densely and finely reticulate to reticulate-shagreenate; metanotal groove feebly impressed; mesosoma without standing setae; postpetiole with a single pair of backward directed hairs; dorsal cephalic surface reticulate-granulate to shagreenate-punctulate and without setae; petiole and postpetiole each with a single pair of setae. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 1 w; Dhalkout Road, Aghbaroot Village; 16.798° N, 53.554° E; alt. 1034 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Ashat; 16.998° N, 53.820° E; alt. 202 m; 21 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Razat; 17.124° N, 54.238° E; alt. 98 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; CASENT0922877; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes This species was foraging on the ground under a tree of Vachellia. Geographic range Originally described from Portugal, widely distributed in North Africa from Egypt to Morocco; also occurring in northern and eastern regions of the Mediterranean Basin and the Afrotropical Region (Bolton 1987). In the Arabian Peninsula, it has been recorded from Oman, Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996), KSA (Collingwood 1985), and UAE (Collingwood et al. 2011). Our collection represents a new record for Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 66-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Smith F. 1858. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. British Museum, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20858","Bolton B. 1987. A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 54: 263 - 452. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41033255 [accessed 25 Jun. 2022].","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474."]}

Lepisiota dhofara Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 Fig. 17 Lepisiota dhofara Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 366 (w) Oman. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Color dark brown, appendages pale; propodeal spines long and curved; head and mesosoma densely sculptured and completely opaque; first and second gastral tergites with a few pairs of long setae located at posterior margins of tergites. Material examined OMAN • 1 w (without antennae); unknown locality (supposedly Dhofar Governorate); specimen code 39; C.A. Collingwood leg.; CASENT0906340; WMLC. Ecological and biological notes Nothing has been published on ecology of this species. Geographic range Lepisiota dhofara was described from Dhofar Governorate and is apparently endemic to Oman., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385."]}

Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884 Fig. 52 Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884: 377 (w) Tunisia. Palearctic. Diagnosis Head, mandibles, antennae, and legs orange, mesosoma and petiole red, gaster dark brown; mandibles long and straight, inserted in middle of front margin of head; posterior margin of head deeply emarginate; eyes rounded, relatively large with about 25 ommatidia in longest row; scapes when laid back from their insertions reach median part of posterior margin of head; metanotal groove feeble; propodeal dorsum about 1.53 of declivity length, both making an obtuse angle in profile. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 2 w; Ayn Ashat; 16.998° N, 53.820° E; alt. 202 m; 21 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Two workers were collected foraging on the ground immediately after sunset. In the Asir Mountains, a single worker was observed by Collingwood (1985) foraging on ground in the early morning. Nothing is specifically known regarding the ecology of this species Geographic range Anochetus sedilloti was originally described from Tunisia and has been recorded from KSA, India, and North Africa (Collingwood 1985). It is widespread in the Sahel area of Africa (Taylor et al. 2016; Diame et al. 2017). The genus is first recorded from Oman by the new species Anochetus annetteae Sharaf, 2017. Our collections represent a new species record for Oman., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Emery C. 1884. Materiali per lo studio della fauna Tunisina raccolti da G. e L. Doria. III. Rassegna delle formiche della Tunisia. [part]. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 21 [(2) 1]: 373 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6293971","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Taylor B., Yefremova Z. A., Kravchenko V. B. & Muller G. C. 2016. The ants of Mali (Hymenoptera: Formicidae - a historical review and new records. Entomofauna 37: 545 - 564.","Diame L., Taylor B., Blatrix R., Vayssieres J. F., Rey J. Y., Grechi I. & Diarra K. 2017. A preliminary checklist of the ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) fauna of Senegal. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 5 (15): 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.12976 / jib / 2017.5.15"]}

Camponotus flavomarginatus Mayr, 1862 Fig. 7 Camponotus flavomarginatus Mayr, 1862: 664 (w) Ghana. Afrotropic. Camponotus jizani Collingwood, 1985: 281 (w) Saudi Arabia. Afrotropic, [holotype and paratype examined], syn. nov. Diagnosis Mesosomal profile a continuous curve; metanotal groove indistinct; petiole in profile with a curved anterior margin and a straight posterior margin; entire surface covered with dense pale pubescence; few sparse setae on body. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 3 w; Dhalkout; 16.693° N, 53.156° E; alt. 628 m; 18 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 5 w; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.148° N, 54.179° E; alt. 151 m; 16 Nov. 2017; HP, ML; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 9 w; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.147° N, 54.180° E; alt. 134 m; 16 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 3 w; Ayn Ashat; 16.998° N, 53.820° E; alt. 202 m; 21 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 s; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922854; CASC • 10 w; Dhalkout; 16.707° N, 53.251° E; alt. 34 m; 19 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922855; CASC • 2 w; Dhalkout Road, Aghbaroot Village; 16.798° N, 53.554° E; alt. 1034 m; 18 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Holotype of Camponotus jizani KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA • 1 s; Fifa; no date; C.A. Collingwood leg.; CASENT0922313; WMLC. Paratype of Camponotus jizani KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA • 1 mw; Fifa nr Jizan; 27–31 Mar. 1983; C.A. Collingwood leg.; CASENT0911619; NHMB. Ecological and biological notes A nest series was found under a stone where the soil was loose and dry. Several workers were found on a tree of Vachellia. Geographic range An Afrotropical species originally described from Ghana and recorded from the Asir Mountains (KSA) (Collingwood 1985), Oman, Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996), and the UAE (Collingwood et al. 1997). Camponotus flavomarginatus is reported here for the first time in Dhofar. Remarks The type material of Camponotus jizani is represented by only two specimens, a paratype minor worker (CASENT0911619) that is deposited in NHMB, and a presumably holotype major worker (CASENT0922313) deposited in WMLC. Unfortunately, the card of the holotype specimen is cut and the data do not completely match the data mentioned in the original description except for the type locality (Fifa). In a discussion between M.R. Sharaf and C.A. Collingwood, the latter confirmed that these two specimens represent the type material of C. jizani. A comparison of the available holotype and paratype workers of C. jizani with the type material of C. flavomarginatus was carried out. We here treat C. jizani as a junior subjective synonym of C. flavomarginatus. Numerous species similar to C. flavomarginatus exist in the Afrotropical Region. There is a large complex of species centered around C. rufoglaucus (Jerdon, 1851), first described from India, and C. flavomarginatus. The complex comprises many broadly distributed species with numerous infraspecific taxa of dubious identity, and poorly preserved type material. Thus, the identification of this species complex as C. flavomarginatus is questionable., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Mayr G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen ZoologischBotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 649 - 776. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 25912","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Tigar B. J. & Agosti D. 1997. Introduced ants in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Arid Environments 37: 505 - 512. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / jare. 1997.0309","Jerdon T. C. 1851. A catalogue of the species of ants found in Southern India. Madras Journal of Literature and Science 17: 103 - 127."]}

Leptogenys maxillosa (Smith, 1858) Fig. 55 Ponera maxillosa Smith, 1858: 93 (w, m) Mauritius. Malagasy. Diagnosis Body opaque dark brown to black-brown; in full-face view hypostomal teeth visible, anterior clypeal margin makes an obtuse angle medially; anterior clypeal margin with 2 long setae; mandibles falcate; median portion of clypeus projects as a lobe; tarsal claws pectinate. Material examined This species was not collected in the present study. Ecological and biological notes This species has been found associated with roadside leaf litter under shrubs (Collingwood 1985). Leptogenys maxillosa has been reported as a specialized predator of isopods in Brazil (Lattke 2011), and nest entrances can be detected by exoskeletons of their prey (Freitas 1995). Leptogenys maxillosa is a pantropical tramp species adapted to inhabiting disturbed areas, and frequently found nesting in slots and cavities of buildings in urban areas (Freitas 1995). Geographic range Leptogenys maxillosa was described originally from Mauritius and this ant is now recorded from the Afrotropical, the Neotropical (Bolton 1975) and the Malagasy (Rakotonirina & Fisher 2014) Regions. It was listed from KSA and Oman (Dhofar) by Collingwood (1985) and Collingwood & Agosti (1996)., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Smith F. 1858. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. British Museum, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20858","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Lattke J. E. 2011. Revision of the New world species of the genus Leptogenys Roger (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 69: 127 - 264.","Freitas A. 1995. Nest relocation and prey specialization in the ant Leptogenys propefalcigera Roger (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) in an urban area in southeastern Brazil. Insectes Sociaux 42: 453 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01242173","Bolton B. 1975. A revision of the ant genus Leptogenys Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Ethiopian region with a review of the Malagasy species. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 31: 235 - 305. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2355462 [accessed 25 Jul. 2022].","Rakotonirina J. C. & Fisher B. L. 2014. Revision of the Malagasy ponerine ants of the genus Leptogenys Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 3836: 1 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3836.1.1","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385."]}

Monomorium clavicorne André, 1881 Fig. 37 Monomorium clavicorne André, 1881: 68 (w) Israel. Palearctic. Diagnosis Uniform clear yellow; head in full-face view distinctly longer than broad; terminal funicular segment enlarged, more than twice as long as the two preceding segments; eyes oval, with a ring of ommatidia encircling two inner short rows of 2–3 ommatidia; promesonotal dorsum shallowly convex; metanotal groove sharply-defined; petiole massive, slightly higher than postpetiolar node in profile; anterior peduncle short; cephalic surface smooth and shining; mesosoma with only two pairs of standing hairs, one on pronotal corners and one on propodeum (Fig. 37). Material examined Holotype ISRAEL • pinned worker; Jaffa; CASENT0915416; MNHN. OMAN – Dhofar • 5 w; Ayn Hamran; 17.100° N, 54.284° E; alt. 106 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.148° N, 54.179° E; alt. 151 m; 16 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Workers were collected from dry leaf litter next to a tree of Prosopis. Geographic range Monomorium clavicorne was described from Israel and subsequently recorded from several countries in the Palearctic Region including Egypt, Iran, Israel, and Palestine, KSA, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, and UAE (Sharaf et al. 2018b). The above specimens represent a new species record for Oman., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 58-61, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Andre E. 1881. Catalogue raisonne des Formicides provenant du voyage en Orient de M. Abeille de Perrin et description des especes nouvelles. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (6) 1: 53 - 78.","Forel A. 1910. Ameisen aus der Kolonie Erythraa. Gesammelt von Prof. Dr. K. Escherich (nebst einigen in west-Abessinien von Herrn A. Ilg gesammelten Ameisen). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 29: 243 - 274.","Sharaf M. R., Al Dhafer H. M., Aldawood A. S. & Hita Garcia F. 2018 b. Ants of the Monomorium monomorium species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula with description of a new species from southwestern Saudi Arabia. PeerJ 6: e 4277. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 4277"]}

Family Formicidae Latreille, 1809 The senior author collected 37 ant species in Dhofar, including 11 species recorded for the first time from Oman: Camponotus diplopunctatus Emery, 1915, Cardiocondyla minutior Forel, 1899, Cardiocondyla wroughtonii (Forel, 1890), Carebara arabica (Collingwood & van Harten, 2001), Leptanilla islamica Baroni Urbani, 1977, Monomorium clavicorne André, 1881, Monomorium floricola (Jerdon, 1851), Strumigenys membranifera Emery, 1869, Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884, and Hypoponera ragusai (Emery, 1894). In total, 130 ant species are now known from Oman, including 53 from Dhofar (see Appendix), Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Forel A. 1899. Heterogyna (Formicidae). Fauna Hawaiiensis 1: 116 - 122.","Forel A. 1890. Aenictus - Typhlatta decouverte de M. Wroughton. Nouveaux genres de Formicides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 34: cii - cxiv.","Collingwood C. A. & van Harten A. 2001. Additions to the ant fauna of Yemen (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Esperiana. Buchreihe zur Entomologie 8: 559 - 568.","Baroni Urbani C. 1977. Materiali per una revisione della sottofamiglia Leptanillinae Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologica Basiliensia 2: 427 - 488.","Andre E. 1881. Catalogue raisonne des Formicides provenant du voyage en Orient de M. Abeille de Perrin et description des especes nouvelles. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (6) 1: 53 - 78.","Jerdon T. C. 1851. A catalogue of the species of ants found in Southern India. Madras Journal of Literature and Science 17: 103 - 127.","Emery C. 1869. Enumerazione dei formicidi che rinvengonsi nei contorni di Napoli con descrizioni di specie nuove o meno conosciute. Annali dell'Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti Secunda Era 2: 1 - 26.","Emery C. 1884. Materiali per lo studio della fauna Tunisina raccolti da G. e L. Doria. III. Rassegna delle formiche della Tunisia. [part]. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 21 [(2) 1]: 373 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6293971","Emery C. 1894. Descrizione di una nuova Formica di Sicilia. Il Naturalista Siciliano 14: 28."]}

Cardiocondyla yemeni Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 Fig. 28 Cardiocondyla yemeni Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 328 (w). Yemen. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Uniform yellow; propodeal spines short and broad dentate; petiole in profile slightly low and broadly rounded; postpetiole narrow in dorsal view, clearly less than twice as broad as petiole; legs and antennae pale yellow-brown; reticulopunctate sculpture on whole body dorsum. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 14 w; Ayn Razat; 17.130° N, 54.236° E; alt. 121 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes It was collected from leaf litter under a tree of Ziziphus sp. where the soil was mixed with sheep and goat feces. Geographic range This species was first described from Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996) and recently recorded from Oman (Sharaf et al. 2018a). This species is reported here for the first time in Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 44-47, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Forel A. 1890. Aenictus - Typhlatta decouverte de M. Wroughton. Nouveaux genres de Formicides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 34: cii - cxiv.","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Al Dhafer H. M., Polaszek A. & Aldawood A. S. 2018 a. Additions to the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Oman: an updated list, new records and a description of two new species. Asian Myrmecology 9: e 010004. https: // doi. org / 10.20362 / am. 010004"]}

Cataglyphis adenensis (Forel, 1904) Fig. 9 Myrmecocystus viaticus r. adenensis Forel, 1904: 382 (footnote) (w) Yemen. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Bicolored species with head and mesosoma red or dull brown-red, gaster brown; head slightly longer than broad; petiole in profile with a rounded dome; mesosoma and petiole covered with whitish appressed pubescence. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes Nothing is known on the ecology or biology of this species. Geographic range A species was originally described from Yemen and subsequently recorded from Oman (Collingwood & Agosti 1996), Kuwait, and UAE (Collingwood et al. 2011). A single worker was collected from Dhofar by Collingwood & Agosti (1996)., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 15-19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Forel A. 1904. Note sur les fourmis du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences a St. Petersbourg. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskago Muzeya 8: 368 - 388.","Fabricius J. C. 1798. Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Proft and Storch, Hafniae [Copenhagen]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122153","Finzi B. 1940 (\" 1939 \"). Formiche della Libia. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 18: 155 - 166.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474."]}

Nesomyrmex micheleae Sharaf, 2020 Fig. 44 Nesomyrmex micheleae Sharaf, 2020 in Sharaf et al. 2020b: 335 (w) Oman. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Bicolored species with head black-brown, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole, and appendages brown, gaster golden yellow; median clypeal carina distinct; petiolar node nearly hexagonal from above; area in front of eyes and median cephalic surface irregularly, longitudinally rugulose; body covered with erect, blunt, stout, and moderately short setae. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • w, holotype; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.148° N, 54.179° E; alt. 151 m; 16 Nov. 2017; BS; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 2 w, paratypes; same collection data as for holotype; CASENT0922872; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes The three workers of N. micheleae were foraging on a large tree in Ayn Sahlanot of the Dhofar and collected using a beating sheet. Additional collecting in a broad range of habitats in Dhofar were not successful in finding additional material (Sharaf et al. 2020b). Geographic range Known only from Oman., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 69-72, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Sharaf M. R., Mohamed A. A., Al Dhafer H. M. & Aldawood A. S. 2020 b. Nesomyrmex micheleae, a new ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Dhofar, Oman, with a synoptic list, distribution map and key to the Arabian Nesomyrmex. Journal of Natural History 54: 351 - 365. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2020.1762013","Smith F. 1858. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. British Museum, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20858"]}

The Sultanate of Oman is a country on the southeastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, near the intersection of the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, and Indomalayan biogeographic realms. We surveyed ants at 18 sites between 16 and 22 November 2017 using beating sheets, hand picking, Malaise traps, sifting trays, sweeping net, and light traps on the coastal plains and monsoon slopes of Dhofar Governorate in southwest Oman, an area that is relatively verdant due to its exposure to monsoons between June and September. We collected 37 ant species, including 11 species recorded for the first time from Oman: Camponotus diplopunctatus Emery, 1915, Cardiocondyla minutior Forel, 1899, Cardiocondyla wroughtonii (Forel, 1890), Carebara arabica (Collingwood & van Harten, 2001), Leptanilla islamica Baroni Urbani, 1977, Monomorium clavicorne André, 1881, Monomorium floricola (Jerdon, 1851), Monomorium sahlbergi Emery, 1898, Strumigenys membranifera Emery, 1869, Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884, and Hypoponera ragusai (Emery, 1894). In total, 130 ant species are now known from Oman, including 53 from Dhofar. The known ants of Dhofar are primarily of Afrotropical origin (23 species, 43%), followed by Palearctic (20 species, 38%), and Indomalayan (4 species, 8%), and a single species from both the Malagasy and Neotropical Regions (1%). Five species (9%) are apparently endemic to Dhofar, Lepisiota dhofara Collingwood & Agosti, 1996, Lepisiota elbazi Sharaf & Hita Garcia, 2020, Crematogaster jacindae Sharaf & Hita Garcia, 2019, Meranoplus mosalahi Sharaf, 2019, and Nesomyrmex micheleae Sharaf, 2020. The zoogeography of the Omani ant fauna reflects a clear dominance of faunal elements from the Palearctic Region (68 species, 53%) followed by Afrotropical faunal elements (45 species, 34%), and five species that are broadly spread throughout both the Palearctic and the Afrotropical Regions (4%). There are nine species (6%) from the Indomalayan Region, two species from the Neotropical Region (2%), T. melanocephalum, C. emeryi, and a single species Ph. megacephala (1%) from the Malagasy Region. The number of endemic species (15 species, 12%) is relatively low compared to the large geographical area of Oman and the broad diversity of habitats that characterizes the country.

Crematogaster jacindae Sharaf & Hita Garcia, 2019 Fig. 32 Crematogaster jacindae Sharaf & Hita Garcia, 2019 in Sharaf et al. 2019: 58 (w) Oman. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Bicolored species, head black-brown to black, mesosoma, petiole, and postpetiole dark brown, gaster golden yellow; area in front of eyes finely longitudinally striated; cephalic surface feebly imbricate; eyes with about 11 ommatidia in longest row; mesonotum without tubercle; mesopleura and metapleura clearly imbricate; mesonotum with a single pair of setae; propodeal spiracles slit-shaped. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • w, holotype; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.148° N, 54.179° E; alt. 151 m; 16 Nov. 2017; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • w, paratype; Ayn Hamran; 17.086° N, 54.280° E; alt. 56 m; 22 Nov. 2017; BS; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 11 w; same collection data as for paratype; KSMA • 1 w, paratype; same collection data as for paratype; CASENT0922856; CASC • 1 w; same collection data as for paratype; WMLC • 8 w; Ayn Razat; 17.124° N, 54.238° E; alt. 98 m; 20 Nov. 2017; ML; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 16 w; Dhalkout; 16.727° N, 53.249° E; alt. 623 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 7 w; Dhalkout; 16.707° N, 53.251° E; alt. 34 m; 19 Nov. 2017; BS; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 17 w; Dhalkout; 16.693° N, 53.156° E; alt. 628 m; 18 Nov. 2017; BS; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 4 w; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.148° N, 54.179° E; alt. 151 m; 16 Nov. 2017; BS; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 20 w; Ayn Ashat; 16.998° N, 53.820° E; alt. 202 m; 21 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Dhalkout Road, Aghbaroot Village; 16.798° N, 53.554° E; alt. 1034 m; 18 Nov. 2017; BS; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes The microhabitats of C. jacindae included leaf litter, soil, under stones, or on native vegetation, especially Vachellia. The majority of specimens were collected foraging on plants using a beating sheet. Workers were observed foraging on ground and wild shrubs (Sharaf et al. 2019). Geographic range Only known from Oman., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Sharaf M. R., Aldawood A. S. & Hita Garcia F. 2019. Review of the Arabian Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), synoptic list, distribution, and description of two new species from Oman and Saudi Arabia. ZooKeys 898: 27 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 898.37531"]}

Crematogaster chiarinii Emery, 1881 Fig. 31 Crematogaster chiarinii Emery, 1881a: 271 (w) Ethiopia. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Head, petiole, postpetiole, and gaster dark brown, mesosoma light brown; head, in full-face view, with a well-defined frontal triangle and posterior longitudinal carina reaching posterior margin of eyes; propodeal dorsum transversally striated in dorsal view; postpetiole seen from above as broad anteriorly as posteriorly. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes This species forms large colonies with workers foraging among myrmecophilous myrmedoniine beetles at the base of trees of Vachellia (Collingwood 1985). Geographic range Crematogaster chiarinii was originally described from Ethiopia and elsewhere in north-east Africa. It was later recorded from Oman, KSA, and Yemen (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Collingwood & van Harten 2001). This species has been recorded from Dhofar by Collingwood (1985) based on a single specimen., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Emery C. 1881 a. Spedizione italiana nell'Africa equatoriale. Risultati zoologici. Formiche. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 16: 270 - 276.","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A. & van Harten A. 2001. Additions to the ant fauna of Yemen (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Esperiana. Buchreihe zur Entomologie 8: 559 - 568."]}

Pheidole sculpturata Mayr, 1866 Fig. 46 Pheidole sculpturata Mayr, 1866: 897 (s) South Africa. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Major worker Head deeply emarginate in full-face view; cephalic surface densely reticulate-rugulose except for longitudinal rugae located between frontal carinae; metanotal groove deeply impressed; propodeal spines acute and upward directed; postpetiole seen from above about twice as broad as long, distinctly and acutely dentate at widest point; whole dorsum covered with dense fine pale pilosity. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 2 s, 4 mw; Dhalkout Road, Aghbaroot Village; 16.798° N, 53.554° E; alt. 1034 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes This species was found nesting under a rock in dry loose soil next to small shrubs. Geographic range Pheidole sculpturata was originally described from South Africa and is widely distributed in the Afrotropical Region (Collingwood 1985). It has been recorded from KSA (Collingwood 1985), Oman, Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996), and UAE (Collingwood et al. 2011). This species is recorded for the first time in Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Mayr G. 1866. Diagnosen neuer und wenig gekannter Formiciden. Verhandlungen der KaiserlichKoniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 16: 885 - 908. https. // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 25847","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474."]}

Cardiocondyla yemeni Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 Fig. 28 Cardiocondyla yemeni Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 328 (w). Yemen. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Uniform yellow; propodeal spines short and broad dentate; petiole in profile slightly low and broadly rounded; postpetiole narrow in dorsal view, clearly less than twice as broad as petiole; legs and antennae pale yellow-brown; reticulopunctate sculpture on whole body dorsum. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 14 w; Ayn Razat; 17.130° N, 54.236° E; alt. 121 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes It was collected from leaf litter under a tree of Ziziphus sp. where the soil was mixed with sheep and goat feces. Geographic range This species was first described from Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996) and recently recorded from Oman (Sharaf et al. 2018a). This species is reported here for the first time in Dhofar.

Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille, 1802) Fig. 23 Formica longicornis Latreille, 1802: 113 (w) Senegal. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Head, mesosoma, petiole, and gaster black-brown to dark brown; body with faint bluish iridescence; scapes exceptionally long, when laid back from their insertions surpassing posterior margin of head by at least one-half its length; legs extraordinarily long; pilosity scattered, stout, long, suberect to erect, greyish or whitish setae. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 1 w; Agdaroot; 17.089° N, 54.442° E; 18 Nov. 2017; SW; A. Mostafa leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Serfeet Road, 26 km before Serfeet; 16.684° N, 53.139° E; 18 Nov. 2017; SW; A. Mostafa leg.; KSMA • 7 w, 2 q; Dhalkout; 16.707° N, 53.251° E; alt. 34 m; 19 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 3 w; Dhalkout Road, Aghbaroot Village; 16.798° N, 53.554° E; alt. 1034 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.148° N, 54.179° E; alt. 151 m; 16 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 4 w; Ayn Dirbat; 17.106° N, 54.453° E; alt. 207 m; 17 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Ashat; 16.998° N, 53.820° E; alt. 202 m; 21 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 3 w; Dhalkout; 16.705° N, 53.24453° E; alt. 43 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w, 1 m; Ayn Hamran; 17.100° N, 54.284° E; alt. 106 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 2 w; Dhalkout; 16.727° N, 53.249° E; alt. 623 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 5 w; Ayn Razat; 17.124° N, 54.238° E; alt. 98 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922867; CASC • 3 w; Ayn Razat; 17.130° N, 54.236° E; alt. 121 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 2 w; Dhalkout; 16.693° N, 53.156° E; alt. 628 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Paratrechina longicornis has diverse nesting and foraging habits (Sharaf et al. 2017c) that include soil under rocks, leaf litter which is rich in organic material, and disturbed sites near human settlements. The species was collected foraging near trees of Ziziphus Mill. and Vachellia. Geographic range Although originally described from Senegal, Wetterer (2008), who examined many global records, felt the origin of this tramp species was probably from Southeast Asia. It is widely distributed in the Arabian Peninsula including Oman (Sharaf et al. 2018a), KSA (Collingwood 1985), UAE (Collingwood et al. 1997, 2011), Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996), and the Socotra Archipelago (Collingwood et al. 2004; Sharaf et al. 2017c). This species is reported here for the first time in Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 37-39, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Latreille P. A. 1802. Histoire naturelle des fourmis, et recueil de memoires et d'observations sur les abeilles, les araignees, les faucheurs, et autres insectes. Impr. Crapelet (chez T. Barrois), Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11138","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Collingwood C. A. & Aldawood S. A. 2017 c. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 51 (5 - 6): 317 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1271157","Wetterer J. K. 2008. Worldwide spread of the longhorn crazy ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 11: 137 - 149.","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Al Dhafer H. M., Polaszek A. & Aldawood A. S. 2018 a. Additions to the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Oman: an updated list, new records and a description of two new species. Asian Myrmecology 9: e 010004. https: // doi. org / 10.20362 / am. 010004","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A., Tigar B. J. & Agosti D. 1997. Introduced ants in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Arid Environments 37: 505 - 512. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / jare. 1997.0309","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Pohl H., Guesten R., Wranik W. & van Harten A. 2004. The ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Arabia 20: 473 - 495."]}

Brachyponera sennaarensis (Mayr, 1862) Fig. 53 Ponera sennaarensis Mayr, 1862: 721 (w) Sudan. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Body dark brown to black-brown, tibiae, antennae, and tarsi red; head broader than mesosoma; metanotal groove well-impressed; petiolar node high and thick; first and second gastral tergites separated by a distinct constriction; sting powerful; body surfaces covered with dense pubescence. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 5 w; Ayn Razat; 17.124° N, 54.238° E; alt. 98 m; 20 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 5 w; Ayn Hamran; 17.086° N, 54.280° E; alt. 6 m; 22 Nov. 2017; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 2 w; Ayn Razat; 17.130° N, 54.236° E; alt. 121 m; 20 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 6 w; Dhalkout; 16.707° N, 53.251° E; alt. 34 m; 19 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922868; CASC • 5 w; Dhalkout; 16.705° N, 53.24453° E; alt. 43 m; 18 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 5 w; Ayn Dirbat; 17.106° N, 54.453° E; alt. 207 m; 17 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 6 w; Dhalkout; 16.693° N, 53.156° E; alt. 628 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Hamran; 17.100° N, 54.284° E; alt. 106 m; 20 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 3 w; Salalah; 17.019° N, 54.065° E; alt. 9 m; 18 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Dhalkout Road, Aghbaroot Village; 16.798° N, 53.554° E; alt. 1034 m; 18 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Brachyponera sennaarensis inhabits a wide range of habitats in the Arabian Peninsula, associated with moist soil and leaf litter around date palm trees, under rocks, logs, or beneath debris near human settlements, in manicured parks, backyards of homes and agricultural production areas (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Sharaf et al. 2017c, 2018a). The species is generalized forager, feeding on seeds or on other ants (Dejean & Lachaud 1994). Geographic range A species described originally from Sudan, B. sennaarensis is widely distributed throughout Africa and the Middle East, including the Arabian Peninsula (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Collingwood et al. 2011) and the Socotra Archipelago (Sharaf et al. 2017c). Brachyponera sennaarensis was collected in Dhofar by Collingwood (1985)., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Mayr G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen ZoologischBotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 649 - 776. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 25912","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Collingwood C. A. & Aldawood S. A. 2017 c. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 51 (5 - 6): 317 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1271157","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Al Dhafer H. M., Polaszek A. & Aldawood A. S. 2018 a. Additions to the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Oman: an updated list, new records and a description of two new species. Asian Myrmecology 9: e 010004. https: // doi. org / 10.20362 / am. 010004","Dejean A. & Lachaud J. - P. 1994. Ecology and behavior of the seed-eating ponerine ant Brachyponera sennaarensis. Insectes Sociaux 41: 191 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01240478","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474."]}

Monomorium carbo Forel, 1910 Fig. 36 Monomorium salomonis var. carbo Forel, 1910: 251 (w) Eritrea. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Color uniform dark brown to black-brown; maximum diameter of eye 0.24–0.26 × head width; anterior median margin of clypeus feebly concave; posterior margin of head shallowly concave; eye with 7 ommatidia in longest row; metanotal groove shallowly impressed; posterior margin of head with a pair of setae; mesosomal dorsum without setae; petiole and postpetiole each with 1–2 pairs of backward directed hairs; first gastral tergite with numerous evenly distributed setae; cephalic dorsum dull, shagreenate-punctulate; first gastral tergite shining, with superficial reticulations. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes Nothing has been published on the ecology of this species. Geographic range A species originally described from Ethiopia and later recorded from Oman, KSA (Collingwood & Agosti 1996), and UAE (Collingwood et al. 2011). Monomorium carbo was reported from Dhofar based on a single worker specimen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996)., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Forel A. 1910. Ameisen aus der Kolonie Erythraa. Gesammelt von Prof. Dr. K. Escherich (nebst einigen in west-Abessinien von Herrn A. Ilg gesammelten Ameisen). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 29: 243 - 274.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474."]}

Cataglyphis rubra (Forel, 1903) Fig. 12 Myrmecocystus albicans r. ruber Forel, 1903: 268 (w) Algeria. Palearctic. Diagnosis Head, mesosoma, petiole red, gaster brown; posterior margin of head with 6–10 straight, erect setae; petiole in profile low, with a flat dorsal surface sloping forward, in profile with node longer than high; propodeal dorsum making a blunt obtuse angle with declivity; mesosoma and petiole with pale appressed pubescence. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes Noted as a desert species by Moradloo et al. (2015). Geographic range Cataglyphis rubra was originally described from Algeria and is widely distributed throughout North Africa from the Atlas Mountains to Sinai Peninsula (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood & Agosti 1996). It is also recorded from Oman (Collingwood 1985), and UAE (Collingwood et al. 2011). This species has been recorded from Dhofar by Collingwood (1985)., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Forel A. 1903. Melanges entomologiques, biologiques et autres. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 47: 249 - 268.","Moradloo S., Fard R. N., Rad S. P. & Taylor B. 2015. Records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Northern Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 61: 168 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2015.1020611","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474."]}

Cataglyphis arenaria Finzi, 1940 Fig. 10 Cataglyphis (Cataglyphis) albicans var. arenaria Finzi, 1940: 164 (w) Algeria. Palearctic. Diagnosis Body color yellow, gaster frequently with a dark apex; propodeal dorsum low in profile; mesosoma bare except for few pairs of short setae on propodeum; mesosoma, posterior part of head and coxae covered with a layer of silvery appressed pubescence. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes Nothing has been published on the ecology of this species. Geographic range Cataglyphis arenaria was originally described from Algeria and has been recorded from Oman (Collingwood & Agosti 1996), and UAE (Collingwood et al. 2011). Collingwood & Agosti (1996) reported this species from Dhofar based on two workers., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Finzi B. 1940 (\" 1939 \"). Formiche della Libia. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 18: 155 - 166.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474."]}

Monomorium niloticum Emery, 1881 Fig. 41 Monomorium niloticum Emery, 1881b: 533 (w) Egypt. Palearctic. Diagnosis Gaster dark contrasting with red head and mesosoma; first of three segments forming club being shorter than the second; head smooth with superficial sculpture; head in full-face view with eyes fail or just break head sides; metanotal groove steeply angled; mesosoma with several pairs of projecting setae. This species looks similar to M. venustum (Smith, 1858) that share color and body measurments but M. venustum can be separated by the lack of the mesosomal setae. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 19 w; Dhalkout; 16.727° N, 53.249° E; alt. 623 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922859; CASC • 2 w; Dhalkout Road, Aghbaroot Village; 16.798° N, 53.554° E; alt. 1034 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Workers of M. niloticum were found nesting in a moderately moist clay soil, while several workers were found foraging on a small shrub. Additional workers were collected nesting under a stone in dry soil rich in feces of domestic animals. Geographic range This species was originally described from Egypt and is the most common species of Monomorium in the Arabian Peninsula, recorded from all countries (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Collingwood et al. 2011; Sharaf et al. 2018a) except Kuwait. It has been recorded from Israel (Vonshak & Ionescu-Hirsch 2009). This species was recorded in Dhofar by Collingwood (1985)., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Emery C. 1881 b. Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso dei Signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso \" Esploratore \" dal 16 novembre 1879 al 26 febbraio 1880. I. Formiche. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 16: 525 - 535. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 25414","Smith F. 1858. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. British Museum, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20858","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474.","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Al Dhafer H. M., Polaszek A. & Aldawood A. S. 2018 a. Additions to the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Oman: an updated list, new records and a description of two new species. Asian Myrmecology 9: e 010004. https: // doi. org / 10.20362 / am. 010004","Vonshak M. & Ionescu-Hirsch A. 2009. A checklist of the ants of Israel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 39: 33 - 55."]}

Carebara arabica (Collingwood & van Harten, 2001) Fig. 29 Oligomyrmex arabicus Collingwood & van Harten, 2001: 564 (s, w) Yemen. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Major worker Uniform brown, antennae, and legs yellow; antennae 10-segmented with a 2-segmented club; posterior margin of head sharply concave and posterior corners with a pair of teeth, appearing blunt in profile; cephalic dorsum dull, with regular and dense and longitudinal rugulae; lateral margins of postpetiole in dorsal view rounded. Minor worker Uniform yellow; antennae 10-segmented; eyes tiny, with a single ommatidium; anterolateral sides of head finely longitudinally striated; lower halves of mesopleuron, metapleuron, petiole, and postpetiole areolate-rugose; propodeal dorsum nearly half as long as propodeal declivity in profile (Fig. 29). Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 1 w; Ayn Hamran; 17.100° N, 54.284° E; alt. 106 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 2 w; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.148° N, 54.179° E; alt. 151 m; 16 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Razat; 17.130° N, 54.236° E; alt. 121 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF: M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Workers were collected foraging in dry soil under a tree of Prosopis. Several minor workers were observed foraging on the ground next to a tree of Ziziphus sp. where the soil was dry and rich in organic matter. In the Asir Mountains of KSA, C. arabica was found nesting in humid compact clay soil of banana plantations where minor workers were foraging above the soil surface. Geographic range Originally described from Yemen (Collingwood & van Harten 2001), it has been also recorded from KSA (Aldawood et al. 2011). The genus and species are new records for Oman., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Collingwood C. A. & van Harten A. 2001. Additions to the ant fauna of Yemen (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Esperiana. Buchreihe zur Entomologie 8: 559 - 568.","Aldawood A. S., Sharaf M. R. & Taylor B. 2011. First record of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood, 1840 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia with description of a new species, C. abuhurayri sp. n. ZooKeys 92: 61 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 92.770"]}

Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi (Mayr, 1904) Fig. 22 Prenolepis (Nylanderia) jaegerskioeldi Mayr, 1904: 8 (w) Egypt. Palearctic. Diagnosis Color yellow-brown; body covered with abundant stiff setae and dense pubescence; metanotal area compact; propodeum lower than mesonotum, with short dorsal face and longer declivity; declivitous face smooth and shining, without pubescence. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 2 m; Salalah; 17.019° N, 54.065° E; alt. 9 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 4 w; Dhalkout; 16.707° N, 53.251° E; alt. 34 m; 19 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 2 w; Ayn Dirbat; 17.106° N, 54.453° E; alt. 207 m; 17 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi was collected nesting in moist soil under a rock. Several workers were collected from leaf litter next to the trees of Vachellia and Ficus L. (Moraceae Gaudich.). Geographic range Originally described from Egypt, Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi is considered a successful tramp species. LaPolla et al. (2011) proposed an African origin for this species, but it is widely distributed in the Arabian Peninsula (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Collingwood et al. 1997, 2011), the Palearctic (Espadaler & Bernal 2003; Gómez & Espadaler 2006; Kiran & Kaaman 2012; Borowiec & Salata 2012; Taheri & Reyes-López 2018; Gómez 2017; Rad et al. 2018), and the Afrotropical Region (LaPolla et al. 2011). This species is reported here for the first time in Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Mayr G. 1904. Formiciden aus Agypten und dem Sudan. In: Jagerskiold L. A. (ed.) Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the white Nile, 1901 Part 1 (no. 9). Library of the Royal University of Uppsala, Uppsala. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 21727","LaPolla J. S., Hawkes P. G. & Fisher B. L. 2011. Monograph of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the world, Part I: Nylanderia in the Afrotropics. Zootaxa 3110: 10 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3110.1.2","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Tigar B. J. & Agosti D. 1997. Introduced ants in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Arid Environments 37: 505 - 512. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / jare. 1997.0309","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474.","Espadaler X. & Bernal V. 2003. Exotic ants in the Canary Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Vieraea 31: 1 - 7.","Gomez K. & Espadaler X. 2006. Exotic ants in the Balearic Islands. Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8: 225 - 233.","Taheri A. & Reyes-Lopez L. 2018. Exotic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Morocco: checklist, comments and new faunistic data. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 144 (1): 99 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 061.144.0104","Gomez K. 2017. Two exotic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) new to Malta. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 61: 233 - 235.","Rad S. P., Taylor B., Torabi R., Aram E., Abolfathi G., Afshari R., Borjali F., Ghatei M., Hediary H., Jazini F., Kiah V. H., Mahmoudi F., Safariyan F. & Seiri M. 2018. Further records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 64: 145 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2018.1442301"]}

Hypoponera ragusai (Emery, 1894) Fig. 54 Ponera ragusai Emery, 1894: 28 (w) Italy (Sicily). Palearctic. Diagnosis Color yellow to light brown-yellow; scapes in full-face view fail to reach posterior margin of head; eyes minute of 1–3 facets, situated near to posterior margin of clypeus; petiole thick, 1.5 times as broad as long; subpetiolar process subtriangular. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 15 w, 1 m; Dhalkout; 16.707° N, 53.251° E; alt. 34 m; 19 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922863; CASC • 6 w; Ayn Hamran; 17.086° N, 54.280° E; alt. 56 m; 22 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Razat; 17.124° N, 54.238° E; alt. 98 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Dhalkout; 16.693° N, 53.156° E; alt. 628 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Workers were collected in a shaded area with dense native grasses and shrubs, whereas several specimens were found nesting in moist soil under stones. A nest series was found also in leaf litter under a tree of Ziziphus sp. Geographic range Although originally described from Italy, H. ragusai has spread worldwide into all zoogeographical regions (Bolton & Fisher 2011; Bharti et al. 2015). In the Arabian Peninsula, H. ragusai has been collected from KSA (Collingwood 1985), and UAE (Collingwood et al. 2011). The above specimens represent the first species record for Oman., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 86-89, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Emery C. 1894. Descrizione di una nuova Formica di Sicilia. Il Naturalista Siciliano 14: 28.","Mayr G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen ZoologischBotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 649 - 776. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 25912","Bolton B. & Fisher B. L. 2011. Taxonomy of Afrotropical and West Palaearctic ants of the ponerine genus Hypoponera Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 2843: 1 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2843.1.1","Bharti H., Akbar S. A., Wachkoo A. A. & Singh J. 2015. Taxonomic studies on ant genus Hypoponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) from India. Asian Myrmecology 7: 37 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.20362 / am. 007005","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474."]}

Lepisiota dhofara Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 Fig. 17 Lepisiota dhofara Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 366 (w) Oman. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Color dark brown, appendages pale; propodeal spines long and curved; head and mesosoma densely sculptured and completely opaque; first and second gastral tergites with a few pairs of long setae located at posterior margins of tergites. Material examined OMAN • 1 w (without antennae); unknown locality (supposedly Dhofar Governorate); specimen code 39; C.A. Collingwood leg.; CASENT0906340; WMLC. Ecological and biological notes Nothing has been published on ecology of this species. Geographic range Lepisiota dhofara was described from Dhofar Governorate and is apparently endemic to Oman.

Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius, 1793) Fig. 45 Formica megacephala Fabricius, 1793: 361 (s.) Mauritius (former Île de France). Malagasy. Diagnosis Major worker Head, mesosoma, petiole, and postpetiole brown, gaster black-brown. Head heart shaped, with deep emarginate posterior margin; cephalic surface with short-irregular longitudinal rugae anteriorly and sculpture absent from posterior two thirds of head; hypostomal margin without median process and with minute to inconspicuous submedian teeth; promesonotum smooth and shiny; mesosoma feebly punctate; katepisternum and lateropropodeum with superficial sculpture; postpetiole from above about 1.9× as broad as petiole. Material examined Holotype MAURITIUS • Camizard Mt, Bambous; 20.3328° S, 57.723° E, 375 m a.s.l.; 27 May 2005; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF12051; CASENT0104990 (CASC). OMAN – Dhofar • 2 s, 2 mw; Dhalkout Road, Aghbaroot Village; 16.798° N, 53.554° E; alt. 1034 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 12 s, 37 mw; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.148° N, 54.179° E; alt. 151 m; 16 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 2 s; Ayn Hamran; 17.100° N, 54.284° E; alt. 106 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF, SW; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 8 s, 13 mw; Ayn Ashat; 16.998° N, 53.820° E; alt. 202 m; 21 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 7 mw; Dhalkout; 16.727° N, 53.249° E; alt. 623 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 2 s, 2 mw; Dhalkout; 16.693° N, 53.156° E; alt. 628 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 4 mw; Ayn Dirbat; 17.106° N, 54.453° E; alt. 207 m; 17 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 mw; Ayn Razat; 17.124° N, 54.238° E; alt. 98 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes This species nests in soil, under stones, and is frequently associated with leaf litter. Majority of specimens were collected during this study near trees of Vachellia. Geographic range The type location of Pheidole megacephala was not precise, but generally is accepted as from Mauritius. It, however, is widely spread world-wide (Sarnat et al. 2015). It has been recorded from Oman, KSA, Kuwait, Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996), and UAE (Collingwood et al. 2011). This species is recorded for the first time in Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 72-74, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Fabricius J. C. 1793. Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonimis, locis observationibus, descriptionibus. Tome 2. C. G. Proft, Hafniae [Copenhagen]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 125869","Sarnat E. M., Fischer G., Guenard B. & Economo E. P. 2015. Introduced Pheidole of the world: taxonomy, biology and distribution. ZooKeys 533: 1 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 543.6050","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474."]}

Lepisiota spinisquama (Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929) Fig. 21 Acantholepis frauenfeldi subsp. spinisquama Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929: 483 (w) Kazakhstan. Palearctic. Diagnosis Body dark brown; propodeal spines shorter and slightly curved, in profile appearing at level of the petiolar spines; body slightly shining; petiolar height lower in profile; appressed pubescence abundant on body. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 1 w; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.148° N, 54.179° E; alt. 151 m; 16 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 3 w; Dhalkout; 16.707° N, 53.251° E; alt. 34 m; 19 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922822; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes This species was found foraging on small shrubs and was collected using a beating sheet. Geographic range This species was originally described from Kazakhstan and recorded subsequently from Oman (Collingwood & Agosti 1996) and the Socotra Archipelago (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood et al. 2004; Sharaf et al. 2017c). Rad et al. (2018) recorded it from pitfall traps in Iran. Collingwood (1985) previously reported this species from Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Kuznetsov-Ugamsky N. N. 1929. Die Gattung Acantholepis in Turkestan. Zoologischer Anzeiger 82: 477 - 492.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A., Pohl H., Guesten R., Wranik W. & van Harten A. 2004. The ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Arabia 20: 473 - 495.","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Collingwood C. A. & Aldawood S. A. 2017 c. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 51 (5 - 6): 317 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1271157","Rad S. P., Taylor B., Torabi R., Aram E., Abolfathi G., Afshari R., Borjali F., Ghatei M., Hediary H., Jazini F., Kiah V. H., Mahmoudi F., Safariyan F. & Seiri M. 2018. Further records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 64: 145 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2018.1442301"]}

Lepisiota carbonaria (Emery, 1892) Fig. 16 Acantholepis carbonaria Emery, 1892: 119 (w, q) Somalia. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Smaller species (TL 2.12); color dark brown, antennae, tibiae, and tarsi yellowish; propodeal spines short and blunt; head and mesosoma strongly sculptured, completely opaque; head in full-face view with posterior margin without setae; mesosoma without setae. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 4 w; Ayn Razat; 17.124° N, 54.238° E; alt. 98 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes This species was found in leaf litter under a tree of Vachellia where the soil was dry. Geographic range This species was originally described from Somalia and has been recorded from Oman by Collingwood& Agosti (1996). This species is a new record for Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Emery C. 1892. Sopra alcune formiche raccolte dall'Ingegnere L. Bricchetti Robecchi nel paese dei Somali. Dummy reference. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 32 [(2) 12]: 110 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 25431","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385."]}

Meranoplus mosalahi Sharaf, 2019 Fig. 33 Meranoplus mosalahi Sharaf, 2019 in Sharaf & Aldawood 2019: 6 (w) Oman. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Head, and gaster brown, antennae, mesosoma, petiole, and postpetiole pale brown, legs yellow; anterior clypeal margin feebly concave or straight with one pair of reduced teeth; scrobe narrowly visible in full-face view; cephalic surface to posterior level of eyes with irregular interrupted longitudinal rugae; cephalic surface with distinct fine ground sculpture between rugae; anterior face of petiolar node smooth; posterior face feebly sculptured with about five longitudinal rugae. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • w, holotype; Dhalkout; 16.707° N, 53.251° E; alt. 34 m; 19 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; CASENT0845901; KSMA • 12 w, paratypes; same collection data as for holotype; KSMA • 1 aberrant worker with reduced postpetiole; same collection data as for holotype; KSMA • 1 w; same collection data as for holotype; WMLC • 1 w; same collection data as for holotype; CASENT0922861; CASC • 3 w; Agdaroot; 17.089° N, 54.442° E; 18 Nov. 2017; SW; A. Mostafa leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Meranoplus mosalahi inhabits shaded areas in Dhalkoout forests with ample small shrubs and grasses. Workers of this species are slow moving and forage on the ground where the soil is moderately moist (Sharaf & Aldawood 2019). Geographic range Meranoplus mosalahi is endemic to Oman., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 52-55, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Sharaf M. R., Aldawood A. S. & Hita Garcia F. 2019. Review of the Arabian Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), synoptic list, distribution, and description of two new species from Oman and Saudi Arabia. ZooKeys 898: 27 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 898.37531"]}

Cardiocondyla wroughtonii (Forel, 1890) Fig. 27 Emeryia wroughtonii Forel, 1890: cxi (ergatoid m) India. Indomalaya. Diagnosis Head, mesosoma, and appendages yellow to yellowish brown, gaster brown; small species with relatively broad head; scapes fail to reach posterior margin of head in full-face view; eyes with 9–11 ommatidia in longest row; mesosoma in profile with mesonotal dorsum abruptly sloped posteriorly and descending steeply to a deeply impressed metanotal groove; petiole node in dorsal view subglobular, slightly broader than long; pronotal corners rounded in dorsal view; propodeal spines narrow and well-developed (Fig. 27). Material examined INDIA • Poona; Wroughton leg.; feuilles d’ Eugenia L.; CASENT0908349; MHNG. OMAN – Dhofar • 2 w; Ayn Hamran; 17.100° N, 54.284° E; alt. 106 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes This species was found in leaf litter under a tree of Prosopis. Geographic range First described from India, Cardiocondyla wroughtonii has since been recorded from KSA, Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Collingwood & van Harten 2001), Egypt (Sharaf 2006), and Israel (Kugler 1984). This species, which is similar to C. minutior, is a successful tramp species that has been widely introduced into East Africa (Bolton 1982), the Australian, the Nearctic, and the Oriental Regions (Seifert 2003). Our collection represents a new record for Oman., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Forel A. 1890. Aenictus - Typhlatta decouverte de M. Wroughton. Nouveaux genres de Formicides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 34: cii - cxiv.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A. & van Harten A. 2001. Additions to the ant fauna of Yemen (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Esperiana. Buchreihe zur Entomologie 8: 559 - 568.","Sharaf M. R. 2006. Taxonomic and Ecological Studies on Family Formicidae (Order: Hymenoptera) in Egypt Including Some Protectorates With a Study of Some Insect Fauna Associated With Ant Species. PhD thesis [unpublished]. Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Entomology Department, Cairo.","Kugler J. 1984. The males of Cardiocondyla Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with the description of the winged male of Cardiocondyla wroughtoni (Forel). Israel Journal of Entomology 17: 1 - 21.","Bolton B. 1982. Afrotropical species of the myrmicine ant genera Cardiocondyla, Leptothorax, Melissotarsus, Messor and Cataulacus (Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 45: 307 - 370. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2304987 [accessed 25 Jul. 2022].","Seifert B. 2003. The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - a taxonomic revision of the C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, and C. minutior species groups. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. B, Botanik, Zoologie 104: 203 - 338."]}

Crematogaster acaciae Forel, 1892 Fig. 30 Crematogaster acaciae Forel, 1892: 141 (w) Ethiopia. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Body uniform yellow; head, in full-face view, with a shallow frontal triangle and without longitudinal carina; postpetiole in dorsal view broader posteriorly than anteriorly; propodeal dorsum seen from above longitudinally striated. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes Nothing has been reported on the ecology of this species. Geographic range Originally described from Ethiopia and subsequently recorded from Oman (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood & Agosti 1996). This species was previously recorded from Dhofar based on two workers (Collingwood 1985)., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Forel A. 1892. Die Akazien- Crematogaster von Prof. Keller aus dem Somaliland. Zoologischer Anzeiger 15: 140 - 143.","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385."]}

Cataglyphis sabulosa Kugler, 1981 Fig. 13 Cataglyphis sabulosa Kugler, 1981: 84 (w, q, m) Israel. Palearctic. Diagnosis Color yellow to orange-brown; gaster frequently brown; first funicular segment nearly 1.5 × as long as second; propodeal dorsum passing in a curve into equally long declivity; petiole squamiform, convex anteriorly and straight posteriorly; third maxillary palp fringed with long curved setae; head, mesosoma, petiole, gaster, and coxae usually with dense white-silvery pubescence. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes Cataglyphis sabulosa is a desert species that builds nests in the sand at a depth of about 20 cm, where alate males and dealate queens occur (Kugler 1981). The species seems to be a preferred diet of the lizard, Acanthodactylus schreiberi Boulenger, 1878 (Lacertidae). Geographic range A species originally described from Israel and recorded from Egypt (Kugler 1981), Oman, KSA (Collingwood 1985), UAE, and Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996). Collingwood (1985) recorded this species from Dhofar based on a single worker., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Kugler J. 1981. A new species of Cataglyphis Forster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Israel and Sinai. Israel Journal of Entomology 15: 83 - 88.","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385."]}

Camponotus sericeus (Fabricius, 1798) Fig. 8 Formica sericea Fabricius, 1798: 279 (w) Senegal. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Body dull, coarsely sculptured with sparse stiff setae; propodeum broadly dentate posteriorly; mesosoma in profile with a deep metanotal groove; gaster covered with dense, appressed, golden pubescence. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes This species often nests in soil under stones adjacent to Acacia trees in Arabian deserts. Geographic range This is a common and widespread African species, originally described from Senegal, but is widely distributed in the Arabian Peninsula including Oman, Kuwait, KSA, Yemen (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Sharaf et al. 2013), and UAE (Collingwood et al. 2011). Camponotus sericeus is also known from Israel (Ionescu-Hirsch 2009), Afghanistan (Radchenko 1997), and India (Dey & Coumar 2008). This species was previously recorded from Dhofar based on a single specimen identified by Collingwood (1985)., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Fabricius J. C. 1798. Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Proft and Storch, Hafniae [Copenhagen]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122153","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474.","Ionescu-Hirsch A. 2009. An annotated list of Camponotus of Israel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key and descriptions of new species. Israel Journal of Entomology 39: 57 - 98.","Radchenko A. 1997. Review of ants from the subgenera Tanaemyrmex, Colobopsis, Myrmamblis, Myrmosericus, Orthonotomyrmex and Paramyrmamblis from the genus Camponotus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Asian Palaearctic. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 76 (6): 806 - 815. [in Russian, English summary.]","Dey D. & Coumar A. 2008. Report of a third Camponotus species with metapleural gland from the world and first from India (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae: Camponotni). Acta Entomologica Sinica 51: 234 - 236. Available from https: // www. antwiki. org / wiki / images / 2 / 21 / Dey _ & _ Coumar _ 2008. pdf [accessed 18 Aug. 2022]."]}

Camponotus diplopunctatus Emery, 1915 Fig. 6 Camponotus diplopunctatus Emery, 1915b: 22 (w, q) Ethiopia. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Mesosoma in profile with promesonotum and mesonotum making a continuous curve descending posteriorly to a deep metanotal groove; propodeum in profile with dorsum making a rounded arch with declivity; head, propodeum, petiole, and gastral tergites with sparse stiff long setae. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 12 w; Ayn Ashat; 16.998° N, 53.820° E; alt. 202 m; 21 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 s; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922847; CASC • 2 w; Ayn Dirbat; 17.106° N, 54.453° E; alt. 207 m; 17 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 3 w; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.148° N, 54.179° E; alt. 151 m; 16 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 3 w; Ayn Hamran; 17.086° N, 54.280° E; alt. 56 m; 22 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.147° N, 54.180° E; alt. 134 m; 16 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes This species was observed ascending the trunk of a tree of Vachellia Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae). Geographic range This species was described from Ethiopia and has been recorded from Eritrea and Sudan (AntWeb 2022). Although our collected major worker is ~20% larger, and perhaps darker, than the type major worker, the identification seems secure. This species is a new record for Dhofar and Oman., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 10-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Emery C. 1915 b. Formiche raccolte nell'Eritrea dal Prof. F. Silvestri. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Reale Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura in Portici 10: 3 - 26. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 14972248 [accessed 25 Jul. 2022].","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302."]}

Cataglyphis isis (Forel, 1913) Fig. 11 Myrmecocystus (Cataglyphis) diehlii var. isis Forel, 1913: 434 (w) Egypt. Palearctic. Diagnosis Body color black; first funicular segment less than 1.4 × as long as second; propodeal dorsum in profile low; mesosoma and petiole with dense whitish appressed pubescence; petiolar node higher than long in profile; gaster slightly sculptured and dull. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes Nothing has been published on the ecology of this species. Geographic range A species originally described from Egypt and recorded from several countries in the Middle East including Oman, KSA (Collingwood 1985), UAE, Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996; Collingwood et al. 2011), Israel (Ionescu & Eyer 2016), Afghanistan, Iraq, and Iran (Pisarski 1965). Cataglyphis isis was recorded from Dhofar (Collingwood & Agosti 1996) based on two worker specimens., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Forel A. 1913. Fourmis de la faune mediterraneenne recoltees par MM. U. et J. Sahlberg. Revue suisse de Zoologie 21: 427 - 438. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 10712981 [accessed 25 Jul. 2022].","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474.","Ionescu A. & Eyer P. A. 2016. Notes on Cataglyphis Foerster, 1850 of the bicolor species-group in Israel, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 46: 109 - 131.","Pisarski B. 1965. Les fourmis du genre Cataglyphis Foerst. en Irak (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Bulletin de l'Academie polonaise des Sciences 13: 417 - 422."]}

Messor galla (Mayr, 1904) Fig. 35 Stenamma (Messor) barbarum var. galla Mayr, 1904: 5 (w) Ethiopia. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Body brown, gaster black-brown; cephalic surface entirely smooth except for median rugae; dorsum of propodeum with one or more pairs of standing setae; posterior margin of head with one or more pairs of projecting setae on each side; postpetiole in profile with a sharp ventral tooth projecting anteriorly. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes Nothing has been published on the ecology of this species. Most likely, M. galla has nesting and feeding habits similar to other species of Messor of the region. Geographic range A species originally described from Ethiopia and known from the northern Africa savannah and Sahel zones (Bolton 1982). Since reported from the Arabian Peninsula, Oman, KSA, and Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996). This species was recorded from Dhofar based on two specimens studied by Collingwood & Agosti (1996)., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 55-58, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Mayr G. 1904. Formiciden aus Agypten und dem Sudan. In: Jagerskiold L. A. (ed.) Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the white Nile, 1901 Part 1 (no. 9). Library of the Royal University of Uppsala, Uppsala. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 21727","Santschi F. 1927. Revision des Messor du groupe instabilis Sm. (Hymenopt.). Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural 27: 225 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 14221","Bolton B. 1982. Afrotropical species of the myrmicine ant genera Cardiocondyla, Leptothorax, Melissotarsus, Messor and Cataulacus (Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 45: 307 - 370. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2304987 [accessed 25 Jul. 2022].","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385."]}

Camponotus aegyptiacus Emery, 1915 Figs 3–4 Camponotus maculatus subsp. aegyptiacus Emery, 1915a: 79 (w) Egypt. Palearctic. Diagnosis Among the Arabian members of the genus this species is readily recognized by the presence of three yellow merged blotches on each side of gaster; subcephalic setae present but not numerous. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 13 w; Ayn Razat; 17.130° N, 54.236° E; alt. 121 m; 20 Nov. 2017; ML; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 6 w; Salalah; 17.152° N, 54.219° E; alt. 435 m; 22 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 2 w; Ayn Hamran; 17.100° N, 54.284° E; alt. 106 m; 20 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Dirbat; 17.106° N, 54.453° E; alt. 207 m; 17 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 4 w; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.147° N, 54.180° E; alt. 134 m; 16 Nov. 2017; BS; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 3 w; Dhalkout; 16.693° N, 53.156° E; alt. 628 m; 18 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 8 w; Ayn Razat; 17.124° N, 54.238° E; alt. 98 m; 20 Nov. 2017; HP; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Camponotus aegyptiacus was found nesting under a rock where the soil was rocky, and the nest included a chamber inhabited by silverfish (Thysanura Leach, 1815). Several workers were foraging in a dry leaf litter under a tree of Prosopis L. (Fabaceae Lindl.). Other workers were ascending trees and shrubs and were collected using a beating sheet. Geographic range Camponotus aegyptiacus was described from Egypt and recorded from KSA, Kuwait, Oman, and Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996), and Egypt (Sharaf 2006)., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 6-10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Emery C. 1915 a. Sur le type de Camponotus maculatus (Formica maculata F.) (Hym. Formicidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France 1915: 79 - 80. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 9212999 [accessed 25 Jul. 2022].","Fabricius J. C. 1793. Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonimis, locis observationibus, descriptionibus. Tome 2. C. G. Proft, Hafniae [Copenhagen]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 125869","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Sharaf M. R. 2006. Taxonomic and Ecological Studies on Family Formicidae (Order: Hymenoptera) in Egypt Including Some Protectorates With a Study of Some Insect Fauna Associated With Ant Species. PhD thesis [unpublished]. Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Entomology Department, Cairo."]}

Camponotus arabicus Collingwood, 1985 Fig. 5 Camponotus arabicus Collingwood, 1985: 278 (w, q) Saudi Arabia. Afrotropic. Diagnosis In his original description, Collingwood (1985) pointed out that C. arabicus closely resembles C. alii Forel, 1890 but it can be separated by the abundant subcephalic setae and the more sculptured gaster. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes Nothing has been published on the ecology of this species. Geographic range A species originally known from KSA and Oman (Collingwood 1985), and recorded from Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996). This species was recorded from Dhofar by Collingwood (1985) based on two workers., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Forel A. 1890. Aenictus - Typhlatta decouverte de M. Wroughton. Nouveaux genres de Formicides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 34: cii - cxiv.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385."]}

Lepisiota obtusa (Emery, 1901) Fig. 19 Acantholepis carbonaria var. obtusa Emery, 1901: 63 (w) Ethiopia. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Color dark brown or black; appendages paler; propodeal spines reduced or indistinct; petiole in profile with a slightly convex anterior face and a straight posterior face; whole mesosomal and gastral dorsum covered with abundant pale setae. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 8 w; Ayn Ashat; 16.998° N, 53.820° E; alt. 202 m; 21 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922844; CASC. Ecological and biological notes This species was nesting under a rock next to a tree of Vachellia. Geographic range This species was originally described from Ethiopia and has been recorded from North Africa, KSA (Collingwood 1985), Oman, and Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996). Lepisiota obtusa is reported here for the first time in Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Emery C. 1901. Spicilegio mirmecologico. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 33: 57 - 63.","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385."]}

Monomorium exiguum Forel, 1894 Fig. 39 Monomorium exiguum Forel, 1894: 85 (w) Ethiopia. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Color varies from clear yellow to uniform dark brown, usually with a pair of brown patches on first gastral tergite; metanotal groove sharply impressed; propodeal dorsum and declivity meeting in a rounded convexity; body smooth and shining, except for metanotal cross-ribs on sides of metanotal groove. Material examined Lectotype ETHIOPIA • Shoa, 3; CASENT0101870; MHNG. Paralectotype ETHIOPIA • same collection data as for lectotype; CASENT0101853; MHNG. OMAN – Dhofar • 1 w; Ayn Dirbat; 17.106° N, 54.453° E; alt. 207 m; 17 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Monomorium exiguum is the most widely distributed species of the M. monomorium species group of the Arabian Peninsula. It has a remarkable ability to inhabit most types of environments including natural and urban sites, native and established agricultural areas, and nests in leaf litter, in sandy and clay soils, or under rocks and bark (Sharaf et al. 2018a, 2018b). This diversity of habitats could reflect the occurrence of several cryptic species currently listed under one name. Geographic range This species was originally described from Ethiopia and is widely distributed in several zoogeographical regions including the Palearctic (Sharaf et al. 2018b), the Afrotropical (Bolton 1987; Sharaf et al. 2017c), the Malagasy Region (Heterick 2006), and the Mediterranean Basin (Gòmez & Espadaler 2006; Sharaf 2006). For details of geographical distribution see Sharaf et al. (2018b). Bolton (1987) commented on the variability in color, “from clear yellow to dark brown”, and felt the name as then understood concealed more than one valid species. Heterick (2006) sought to clarify the situation by defining forms of varying color by defining lectotypes of earlier varietal names and synonymizing those names under M. exiguum. Our collection represents a new record for Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 61-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Forel A. 1894. Abessinische und andere afrikanische Ameisen, gesammelt von Herrn Ingenieur Alfred Ilg, von Herrn Dr. Liengme, von Herrn Pfarrer Missionar P. Berthoud, Herrn Dr. Arth. Muller etc. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 9: 64 - 100.","Emery C. 1898. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der palaearktischen Ameisen. Ofversigt af Finska Vetenskaps- Societetens Forhandlingar 20: 124 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 14980","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Al Dhafer H. M., Polaszek A. & Aldawood A. S. 2018 a. Additions to the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Oman: an updated list, new records and a description of two new species. Asian Myrmecology 9: e 010004. https: // doi. org / 10.20362 / am. 010004","Sharaf M. R., Al Dhafer H. M., Aldawood A. S. & Hita Garcia F. 2018 b. Ants of the Monomorium monomorium species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula with description of a new species from southwestern Saudi Arabia. PeerJ 6: e 4277. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 4277","Bolton B. 1987. A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 54: 263 - 452. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41033255 [accessed 25 Jun. 2022].","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Collingwood C. A. & Aldawood S. A. 2017 c. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 51 (5 - 6): 317 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1271157","Heterick B. 2006. A revision of the Malagasy ants belonging to genus Monomorium Mayr, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (4) 57: 69 - 202.","Gomez K. & Espadaler X. 2006. Exotic ants in the Balearic Islands. Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8: 225 - 233.","Sharaf M. R. 2006. Taxonomic and Ecological Studies on Family Formicidae (Order: Hymenoptera) in Egypt Including Some Protectorates With a Study of Some Insect Fauna Associated With Ant Species. PhD thesis [unpublished]. Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Entomology Department, Cairo."]}

Cardiocondyla minutior Forel, 1899 Fig. 26 Cardiocondyla nuda var. minutior Forel, 1899: 120 (w) Hawaii. Oceania. Diagnosis Head, mesosoma, petiole, and postpetiole dirty yellow to dark brown, gaster brown to black-brown; posterior margin of head straight or shallowly concave; eyes small, with distinct microsetae; anterior clypeal margin with a shallow central concavity; metanotal groove feebly impressed or absent; mesosomal outline in profile nearly straight or weakly convex; propodeal spines short and acute; petiolar node in dorsal view circular and as long as broad; postpetiole low, without anteroventral bulge (Fig. 26). Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • 7 w; Ayn Hamran; 17.086° N, 54.280° E; alt. 56 m; 22 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 11 w, 1 q; Ayn Dirbat; 17.106° N, 54.453° E; alt. 207 m; 17 Nov. 2017: SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 2 w; Ayn Hamran; 17.100° N, 54.284° E; alt. 106 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 10 w; Ayn Razat; 17.130° N, 54.236° E; alt. 121 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Ashat; 16.998° N, 53.820° E; alt. 202 m; 21 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes Workers of this species were collected foraging on a small shrub; others were found in leaf litter under several trees including Ziziphus sp., Prosopis, Vachellia, and Ficus where the soil was rich in organic matter. Geographic range Cardiocondyla minutior is a successful tramp species (Seifert 2003), originally described from Hawaii, and recorded from the Socotra Archipelago by Sharaf et al. (2017c). Our specimens represent a new species record for Oman., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 41-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Forel A. 1899. Heterogyna (Formicidae). Fauna Hawaiiensis 1: 116 - 122.","Baroni Urbani C. 1977. Materiali per una revisione della sottofamiglia Leptanillinae Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologica Basiliensia 2: 427 - 488.","Seifert B. 2003. The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - a taxonomic revision of the C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, and C. minutior species groups. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. B, Botanik, Zoologie 104: 203 - 338.","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Collingwood C. A. & Aldawood S. A. 2017 c. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 51 (5 - 6): 317 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1271157"]}

Tetramorium sericeiventre Emery, 1877 Fig. 50 Tetramorium sericeiventre Emery, 1877: 370 (w) Eritrea. Afrotropic. Diagnosis Color red-brown to brown, or dark brown, gaster darker than body; frontal carinae shallowly developed; propodeal spines acute; metanotal groove indistinct; propodeal lobes long, of same length as propodeal spines; in profile petiolar nodes rectangular; cephalic surface, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with sparse and stout standing hairs, propodeum bare. Material examined Syntype ERITREA • Bogos Sciotel; O. Beccari leg.; MHNG. Additional material OMAN – Dhofar • 1 w; Ayn Sahlanot; 17.148° N, 54.179° E; alt. 151 m; 16 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922884; CASC • 9 w; Ayn Ashat; 16.998° N, 53.820° E; alt. 202 m; 21 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Ayn Dirbat; 17.106° N, 54.453° E; alt. 207 m; 17 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes This species nests in soil under stones or in leaf litter (Bolton 1980). It is abundant in areas where Vachellia and Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton (Apocynaceae Juss.) plants occur (Sharaf et al. 2013). Workers are predators on other ants (Lévieux 1972). This species is basically found wherever it is comparatively hot and there is sandy soil and no closed canopy (Bolton 1980). This explains the broad geographic distribution in the vast areas of the Arabian deserts. Geographic range Originally described from Eritrea, it is known from the Afrotropical, the Malagasy, and the Southern Palaearctic Regions (Hita Garcia & Fisher 2011). Sharaf et al. (2013) pointed out the remarkable wide geographic distribution of this species in the Arabian Peninsula, as previously mentioned by Collingwood (1985), Collingwood & Agosti (1996), and Collingwood et al. (2011). This species is recorded for the first time in Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on pages 79-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Emery C. 1877. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte prima. Formiche provenienti dal Viaggio dei signori Antinori, Beccari e Issel nel Mar Rosso e nel paese dei Bogos. [concl.]. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 9: 363 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 25409","Mayr G. 1870. Neue Formiciden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 20: 939 - 996.","Bolton B. 1980. The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Ethiopian zoogeographical region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 40: 193 - 384. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2330038 [accessed 25 Jul. 2022].","Levieux J. 1972. Le role des fourmis dans les reseaux trophiques d'une savane preforestiere de Cote d'Ivoire. Annales de l'Universite d'Abidjan, ser. E 5: 143 - 240.","Hita Garcia F. & Fisher B. L. 2011. The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region - introduction, definition of species groups, and revision of the T. bicarinatum, T. obesum, T. sericeiventre and T. tosii species groups. Zootaxa 3039: 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3039.1.1","Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. & van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405 - 474."]}

Tetramorium lanuginosum Mayr, 1870 Fig. 49 Tetramorium lanuginosum Mayr, 1870: 976 (w) Indonesia (Java). Indomalaya. Diagnosis Color ranges from light brown to dark brown, gaster darker than body; anterior clypeal margin with small median notch; cephalic surface strongly reticulate-rugose; eyes with 8–10 ommatidia in longest row; frontal carinae well-marked; antennal scrobes well-defined; mesosoma convex in profile; metanotal groove indistinct; propodeal spines long and sharp; gaster smooth and shiny; body hairs long and profuse, bifid and simple. Material examined Holotype INDONESIA • Java, Batavia; CASENT0235202; NHMW. Additional material OMAN – Dhofar • 1 w; Dhalkout, 16.727° N, 53.249° E; alt. 623 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 2 w; Dhalkout Road, Aghbaroot Village; 16.798° N, 53.554° E; alt. 1034 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 5 w; Ayn Dirbat; 17.106° N, 54.453° E; alt. 207 m; 17 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; Salalah; 17.019° N, 54.065° E; alt. 9 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 5 w; Dhalkout; 16.707° N, 53.251° E; alt. 34 m; 19 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w; same collection data as for preceding; CASENT0922857; CASC • 1 w; Ayn Razat; 17.124° N, 54.238° E; alt. 98 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 11 w; Dhalkout; 16.693° N, 53.156° E; alt. 628 m; 18 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes The diverse nesting and feeding habits presumably has allowed a successful worldwide distribution. Nests are built in moist soil under stones, in leaf litter (Sharaf et al. 2018a), under trunks of dead palm trees, and in soil that is rich in organic matter (Sharaf et al. 2017c). In Dhofar, workers are foraging on ground in a shaded area with dense plant cover of grasses and shrubs. Geographic range It is a successful tramp species, originally described from Indonesia which has widely dispersed into tropical and subtropical regions (Bolton 1976; Wetterer 2010a; Hita Garcia & Fisher 2011; Agavekar et al. 2017). It has been previously collected from Oman (Sharaf et al. 2018a), KSA (Collingwood & Agosti 1996), the Socotra Archipelago (Collingwood et al. 2004; Sharaf et al. 2017c), Egypt (Sharaf 2006), and Palestine (Vonshak & Ionescu-Hirsch 2009). This species is recorded for the first time in Dhofar., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Mayr G. 1870. Neue Formiciden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 20: 939 - 996.","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Al Dhafer H. M., Polaszek A. & Aldawood A. S. 2018 a. Additions to the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Oman: an updated list, new records and a description of two new species. Asian Myrmecology 9: e 010004. https: // doi. org / 10.20362 / am. 010004","Sharaf M. R., Fisher B. L., Collingwood C. A. & Aldawood S. A. 2017 c. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 51 (5 - 6): 317 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1271157","Bolton B. 1976. The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Constituent genera, review of smaller genera and revision of Triglyphothrix Forel. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 34: 281 - 379. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41005164 [accessed 25 Jul. 2022].","Wetterer J. K. 2010 a. Worldwide spread of the wooly ant, Tetramorium lanuginosum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 13: 81 - 88.","Hita Garcia F. & Fisher B. L. 2011. The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region - introduction, definition of species groups, and revision of the T. bicarinatum, T. obesum, T. sericeiventre and T. tosii species groups. Zootaxa 3039: 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3039.1.1","Agavekar G., Hita Garcia F. & Economo E. P. 2017. Taxonomic overview of the hyperdiverse ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in India with descriptions and X-ray microtomography of two new species from the Andaman Islands. PeerJ 5: e 3800. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 3800","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385.","Collingwood C. A., Pohl H., Guesten R., Wranik W. & van Harten A. 2004. The ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Arabia 20: 473 - 495.","Sharaf M. R. 2006. Taxonomic and Ecological Studies on Family Formicidae (Order: Hymenoptera) in Egypt Including Some Protectorates With a Study of Some Insect Fauna Associated With Ant Species. PhD thesis [unpublished]. Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Entomology Department, Cairo.","Vonshak M. & Ionescu-Hirsch A. 2009. A checklist of the ants of Israel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 39: 33 - 55."]}

Lepisiota elbazi Sharaf & Hita Garcia, 2020 Fig. 18 Lepisiota elbazi Sharaf & Hita Garcia, 2020 in Sharaf et al. 2020: 134 (w) Afrotropic. Diagnosis Bicolored species, head, mesosoma, petiole yellow or red-yellow, distal end of scapes, first funicular segment, and mandibular teeth darker; gaster dark brown to black with first tergite of lighter brown. In profile, posterior margin of head anteroposteriorly compressed; limited number of hair pairs on body: two pairs on posterior margin of head, two to three pairs on promesonotum, and one to two pairs on first gastral tergite. Material examined OMAN – Dhofar • w, holotype; Ayn Razat; 17.124° N, 54.238° E; alt. 98 m; 20 Nov. 2017; SF; M.R. Sharaf leg.; KSMA • 1 w, paratype; same collection data as for holotype; CASENT0922860; KSMA. Ecological and biological notes The two workers of the species were collected at Ayn Razat (Fig. 18) and were collected foraging in leaf litter under a tree of Vachellia where the soil was dry (Sharaf et al. 2020a). Geographic range Oman., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Sharaf M. R., Aldawood A. S., Mohamed A. A. & Hita Garcia F. 2020 a. The genus Lepisiota Santschi, 1926 of the Arabian Peninsula with the description of a new species, Lepisiota elbazi sp. nov. from Oman, an updated species identificartion key, and assessment of zoogeographic affinities. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 76: 127 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jhr. 76.50193","Sharaf M. R., Mohamed A. A., Al Dhafer H. M. & Aldawood A. S. 2020 b. Nesomyrmex micheleae, a new ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Dhofar, Oman, with a synoptic list, distribution map and key to the Arabian Nesomyrmex. Journal of Natural History 54: 351 - 365. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2020.1762013"]}

Cataglyphis urens Collingwood, 1985 Fig. 14 Cataglyphis urens Collingwood, 1985: 290 (w, m) Oman. Palearctic. Diagnosis Head and mesosoma dark red, gaster dark brown to black; appendages brown-red; propodeum in profile with a high dorsum meeting declivity in a rounded right angle; petiole lower, clearly longer than high in profile; several pairs of sparse setae on cephalic dorsum, promesonotum, propodeum, petiole, and gastral tergites. Material examined This species was not collected during the present study. Ecological and biological notes Nothing has been published on the ecology of this species. Geographic range This species was originally described from Dhofar, Oman (Collingwood 1985) based on a single worker, and also recorded from KSA, UAE, and Yemen (Collingwood & Agosti 1996)., Published as part of Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, Amr A. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2022, Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography, pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 838 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.838.1925, http://zenodo.org/record/7094306, {"references":["Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302.","Collingwood C. A. & Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385."]}