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1. ALEOCHARA Gravenhorst, 1802: 67 Aleochara notula Erichson, 1839: 167 [Aleochara] Aleochara duplicata Erichson, 1839: 167 [synonymized by Klimaszewski 1984: 20] Aleochara pernix Blackwelder, 1944: 167 [synonymized by Klimaszewski 1984: 20] Baryodma nanella Casey, 1906: 160 [synonymized by Klimaszewski 1984: 20] Baryodma nitidicollis Casey, 1906: 160 [synonymized by Klimaszewski 1984: 20] Distribution: USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dominica, US-Virgin Is. (St. Thomas), Saint Vincent & the Grenadines (St. Vincent Is., Mustique Is.), Guadeloupe, St. Lucia. Locality records: WITHOUT SPECIFIC DEPARTMENT: Without specific locality Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002: 166; Asenjo et al. 2013: 73., Published as part of Pablo-Cea, Jos�� D., Asenjo, Ang��lico, Navarrete-Heredia, Jos�� L. & Newton, Alfred F., 2021, Checklist of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) of El Salvador, pp. 80-106 in Zootaxa 4951 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4951.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4655714, {"references":["Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1802) Coleoptera Microptera Brunsvicensia nec non exoticorum quotquot exstant in collectionibus entomologorum Brunsvicensium in genera familiae et species distribuit. C. Reichard, Brunsuigae [Braunschweig], lxvi + 206 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9568","Erichson, G. F. (1839) Genera et species staphylinorum insectorum coleopterorum familiae. F. H. Morin, Berlin, viii + 400 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59644","Klimaszewski, J. (1984) A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 129, 1 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 116129 fv","Blackwelder, R. E. (1944) Checklist of the Coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America The West Indies, and South America. Part I. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum, Bulletin 185, xii + 1 - 188 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185. i","Casey, T. L. (1906) Observations on the staphylinid groups Aleocharinae and Xantholinini, chiefly of America. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, 16, 125 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48654","Navarrete-Heredia, J. L., Newton A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. & Chandler, D. S. (2002) Guia ilustrada para los generos de Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) de Mexico. Universidad de Guadalajara, Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), 401 pp.","Asenjo, A., Imler, U., Klimaszewski, J., Herman, L. H. & Chandler, D. S. (2013) A complete checklist with new records and geographical distribution of the rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of Brazil. Insecta Mundi, 0277, 1 - 419."]}

Aleochara curtula (Goeze, 1777) Staphylinus curtulus Goeze, 1777: 730 (description, without type locality). Note: For a complete list of bilbiographies see Yamamoto & Maruyama (2016b: 20). A synonyms list see updated checklist below. Type material: Type not studied, probably lost (Klimaszewski 1984: 76). Additional material: none material from Brazil or countries around was similar to A. curtula. Diagnosis: see Yamamoto & Maruyama (2016b). Redescription: see Yamamoto & Maruyama (2016b). Geographical records: Palearctic, Oriental, Nearctic, Afrotropical and Neotropical regions (Yamamoto & Maruyama 2016b). The records in the Neotropical region are discussed below. Discussion about record in Brazil: although no Brazilian specimen of A. curtula was found in this study, some previous works attribute this species to Brazil and other surrounding countries in the Neotropical region, as Saint Vincent Island (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Grenada, French Guiana, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil and Chile (Fauvel 1901; Blackwelder 1944; Caron et al. 2008). The first record of A. curtula in Brazil is in Fauvel (1901: 90), and after that, records for Brazil can only be found in catalogs (Blackwelder 1944; Caron et al.2008). In this study, we have conclude that it is doubtful that A. curtula is distributed in Brazil and surrounding countries, because the geographic records related to these countries are based on old previous works (e.g. as in Fauvel 1901). Additionally, in Brazil the specimens of A. bugnioni were erroneously identified as A. curtula because they have similarly maculated pattern of elytra, with a distinct darker spot on the external and apical angle, but differ from it in the apical shape of the median lobe and shape of the capsule of the spermatheca (compare Figs. 39,40 and 44 with Figs. 62 and 64 in the Yamamoto & Maruyama 20016b: 29)., Published as part of Caron, Edilson, Moussallem, Marcelo & Bortoluzzi, Sidnei, 2019, Revision of Brazilian species of Aleochara Gravenhorst of the subgenus Aleochara (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 4712 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586751, {"references":["Goeze, J. A. E. (1777) Entomologische Beytrage zu des Ritter Linne zwolften Ausgabe des Natursystems. Erster Theil. Weidmanns Erben & Reich, Leipzig, xvi + 736 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 45974","Yamamoto, S. & Maruyama, M. (2016 b) Revision of the subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst of the parasitoid rove beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa, 4101 (1), 1 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4101.1.1","Klimaszewski, J. (1984) A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 129, 1 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 116129 fv","Fauvel, A. (1901) Voyage de M. le Dr. Ed. Bugnion au Venezuela, en Colombie et aux Antilles. Revue d'Entomologie, 20, 69 - 91.","Blackwelder, R. E. (1944) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 1. United States National Museum Bulletin, 185, xii + 1 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185. i","Caron, E., Mise, K. M. & Klimaszewski, J. (2008) Aleochara pseudochrysorrhoa, a new species from southern Brazil (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), with a complete checklist of Neotropical species of the genus. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25, 827 - 842. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752008000400022"]}

Adults and larvae of Aleochara are found in fly-infested habitats, where the larvae are ectoparasitoids of fly pupae. There are three subgenera recorded in Brazil. This study provides a taxonomic revision of Brazilian species of the subgenus Aleochara. As a result, we recognize seven species in Brazil, A. bonariensis Lynch, A. bugnioni Fauvel, A. lustrica Say, A. chrysorrhoa Erichson and three species described by Sharp: A. auricoma, A. mundana and A. prisca. Redescriptions and illustrations of the male and female genitalia are provided for all species. Nomenclatural changes: A. bugnioni is considered a new junior synonym of A. lateralis Erichson, and A. pseudochrysorrhoa Caron, Mise & Klimaszewski is a new junior synonymy of A. bonariensis. In addition, the type of A. verecunda Sharp, was not studied and the name is considered as species inquirenda, while A. curtula (Goeze) is not confirmed in Brazil and its Neotropical records is discussed. Finally, a key to species is provided and an updated checklist of the Brazilian species of Aleochara (Aleochara), including synonyms, is compiled.

Aleochara chrysorrhoa Erichson, 1839 (Figs. 6, 55���64, 75) Aleochara chrysorrhoa Erichson, 1839: 160 (description, type locality: ���Brasilia���). Feynes 1918: 400 (catalogue). Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz 1926: 776 (catalogue). Blackwelder 1944: 167 (checklist). Klimaszewski et al., 1987: 250 (redescription; lectotype designation). Caron et al., 2008: 832 (checklist). Type material: Type not studied. Note: lectotype deposited in ZMHB (Klimaszewski et al. 1987). Additional material: IRSNB: One specimen: (1) ���Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B.���. Brazil: One specimen: (1) ��� Espirito Santo \ Br��sil���; (2) ���Coll. R. I. Sc. N. B.���. DZUP: Brazil: Two specimens: (1) ���BRASIL, Paran��, Campina\ Grande do Sul,\ 25��17���47.39���S, 49��2���12.38���\ W, FIT- ��rea Po��o 04/XII/2013 F. W. T. Leivas \ (leg.). Two specimens: (1) ��� BRASIL, Paran��, Campina\ Grande do Sul,\ 25��17���47.39���S, 49��2���12.38���\ W, FIT- c/org��nico\ 14/I/2014 F. W. T. Leivas \ (leg.). Three specimens: (1) ��� BRASIL, Paran��, Campina\ Grande do Sul,\ 25��17���47.39���S, 49��2���12.38���\ W, FIT c/org��nico-\ 08/ V /2014 F. W. T. Leivas \ (leg.). Six specimens: (1) ��� BRASIL, PR, Foz do Igua��u\ Parque Nacional do Igua��u\ (Pitfall)\ 29-XII-2010 \ M. R. Silva, col.���. MHNCI: Brazil: One specimen: (1) ���S. J. dos PINHAIS PR \ (GUARICANA)\ 26. IV. 1985 \ S. MALKOWSKI leg���; (2) ���SC���; (3) ��� CAP��O \ IMBUIA\ PR ���. Diagnosis: Aleochara chrysorrhoa is similar to A. bonariensis and differs from it by tergum VIII of male distinctly serrate on posterior margin, around of 13 teeth; apex median lobe of aedeagus with a short tooth (directed ventrad); and female with elongate capsule of spermatheca. Redescription: BL: 8.0 mm. EW: 2.2 mm. Body dark brown, with tarsi, maxillary palpi, basal antennal segments and apical part of abdomen rust-brown. Dorsal surface glossy and covered with thin golden yellowish setae and setigerous pores impressed. Head: with coarse setigerous punctutation; disc with sparse pubescence directed mediad and anterad. Antennae with antennomere 2 half length of first and slightly narrower than first; 3 longer than 2; 4 subquadrate to slightly transverse; 5���10 similar in shape, distinctly transverse, 10 slightly narrower than 9; 11 twice longer than the previous one, semi-triangular in shape; 1���4 glossy with some long black setae; 5���11 dull and covered by very short white setae, with some long black setae on apex of each antennomere and in 11 with long black setae on a transversal circular line in the middle of the antennomere. Thorax: pronotum with setigerous punctuation; setae directed posterad at the midline of the disc, directed laterad in each anterior half, and posterad and laterad in each posterior half. Mesoventral process truncate apically. Elytra with setigerous punctuation, denser than pronotum; setae directed posterad. Abdomen: distinctly narrowed posteriorly, with maximum width of tergum X about one-third of apical width of tergum VII; terga with coarsely setigerous punctation, similar to head, sparse pubescence directed posterad. Male: tergum VIII as wide as long; posterior margin emarginate at the middle, coarsely serrate, with about 13 teeth (Fig. 55). Sternum VIII as wide as long; posterior margin truncate (Fig. 56). Tergum IX with asymmetrical ventral struts, the left shorter than the right one, the left with one accessory short arm directed laterad. Tergum X with anterior and posterior margin truncate, but withweakly sclerotized area at the middle (Fig. 57); aedeagus: median lobe elongate with bulbous base (Fig. 59); apex with a short tooth, somewhat hook-like, directed ventrad (Fig. 60). Female: tergum VIII as wide as long; posterior margin slightly emarginate at the middle (Fig. 61). Sternum VIII as wide as long; posterior margin broadly rounded, somewhat truncate at the middle, with short setae restricted to posterior margin (Fig. 62). Tergum IX with very short and symmetrical ventral struts. Tergum X with anterior margin somewhat curved and posterior margin very slightly emarginated at the middle (Fig. 63). Spermatheca long, somewhat in L-shaped, and without apical invagination (Fig. 64). Taxonomic note: in the original description of A. chrysorrhoa, Erichson (1839) was not clear if he examined a male, or a female, or both, because he only described the color of abdominal apex, and not the shape of the tergum VIII (important for sex identification). Klimaszewski et al. (1987) redescribed the species based on one female, the type material of species deposited in the Museum f��r Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universit��t (ZMHB, Berlin, Germany), where the Erichson's collection is housed. Therefore, here we described for the first time the characteristics of male, including the sexual dimorphism. Geographical records: Examined material: Brazil (Esp��rito Santo; Paran��: Campina Grande do Sul, Foz do Igua��u and S��o Jos�� dos Pinhais) (Fig. 75). Literature: Brazil (Erichson 1839). Natural history: Some specimens were collected using FIT and pitfalls., Published as part of Caron, Edilson, Moussallem, Marcelo & Bortoluzzi, Sidnei, 2019, Revision of Brazilian species of Aleochara Gravenhorst of the subgenus Aleochara (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 4712 (1) on pages 20-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586751, {"references":["Erichson, G. F. (1839) Genera et species Staphylinorum insectorum coleopterorum familiae. F. H. Morin, Berlin, v + 954 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59644","Feynes, A. (1918) Coleoptera, fam. Staphylinidae, subfam. Aleocharinae In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. L. Desmet- Verteneuil, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 414.","Bernhauer, M. & Scheerpeltz, O. (1926) Staphylinidae VI. In: Junk-Schenklin (Ed.), Coleopterarum Catalogus. Junk, Berlin, pp. 499 - 988.","Blackwelder, R. E. (1944) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 1. United States National Museum Bulletin, 185, xii + 1 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185. i","Klimaszewski, J., Genier, F. & Uhlig, M. (1987) Review of Erichson's types of Aleochara from Mexico, West Indies and South America. Florida Entomologist, 70, 249 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3495157","Caron, E., Mise, K. M. & Klimaszewski, J. (2008) Aleochara pseudochrysorrhoa, a new species from southern Brazil (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), with a complete checklist of Neotropical species of the genus. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25, 827 - 842. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752008000400022"]}

Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802 Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802: 67. Type species: Staphylinus curtulus Goeze, 1777 (= Staphylinus fuscipes sensu Gravenhorst, 1802). Note: for a complete discussion of the type species of Aleochara, see Smetana (2004: 30). For a genus group synonymy and species list see Newton (2019). For a phylogenetic study see Maus et al. (2001) and Song & Ahn (2013). In general, the species of Aleochara have body compact and robust, diverse in shape, small (less 4mm) to large (up to 10mm). Brownish to black, sometimes with elytra and abdominal apex lighter. Head somewhat circular; frons triangularly produced and sharply pointed; antennae 11-segmented, somewhat clavate; and maxillary and labial palpus with apical pseudosegment (respectively 5 and 4-segmented). Pronotum larger than head, transverse, basal width as wide as elytra. Mesocoxal cavities separated, mesoventral process long (almost reaching posterior portion of mesocoxae), longitudinally carinate or not. Tarsal formula 5-5-5 (except subgenus Tinotus 4-5-5). Abdomen gradually narrowed posteriorly; first three visible terga deeply transversely impressed basally (Klimaszewski 1984; Yamamoto & Maruyama 2012, 2016a, b)., Published as part of Caron, Edilson, Moussallem, Marcelo & Bortoluzzi, Sidnei, 2019, Revision of Brazilian species of Aleochara Gravenhorst of the subgenus Aleochara (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 4712 (1) on page 2, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586751, {"references":["Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1802) Coleoptera Microptera Brunsvicensia nec non exoticorum quotquot exstant in collectionibus entomologorum Brunsvicensium in genera familias et species distribuit. Carolus Reichard, Brunsuigae (Brunswick), lxvi + 206 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9568","Goeze, J. A. E. (1777) Entomologische Beytrage zu des Ritter Linne zwolften Ausgabe des Natursystems. Erster Theil. Weidmanns Erben & Reich, Leipzig, xvi + 736 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 45974","Smetana, A. (2004) Family Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802 [except Pselaphinae, Scaphidiinae]. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 2. Hydrophiloidea-Histeroidea-Staphylinoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 29 - 35 + 237 - 272 + 329 - 495 + 504 - 698. [Note: reference by Newton (personal communication).]","Newton, A. F. (2019) StaphBase: Staphyliniformia world catalog database (version Nov 2018). In: Roskov, Y., Ower, G., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P. M., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R. E., Decock, W., Nieukerken, E. van Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L. (Eds.), Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2019 Annual Checklist. Available from: http: // www. catalogueoflife. org / annual-checklist / 2019 (accessed 20 August 2019)","Maus, C., Peschke, K. & Dobler, S. (2001) Phylogeny of the genus Aleochara inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase sequences (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 18, 202 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2000.0874","Song, J. - H. & Ahn, K. - J. (2013) Molecular pylogeny reveals multiple origens of seashore colonization in the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Invertebrate Systematics, 27, 239 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 12040","Klimaszewski, J. (1984) A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 129, 1 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 116129 fv","Yamamoto, S. & Maruyama, M. (2012) Revision of the Seashore-dwelling Subgenera Emplenota Casey and Triochara Bernhauer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: genus Aleochara) from Japan. Zootaxa, 3517 (1), 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3517.1.1","Yamamoto, S. & Maruyama, M. (2016 a) Revision of the subgenus Tinotus Sharp stat. nov., of the parasitoid rove-beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Japan, Taiwan, and the Russian Far East. Zookeys, 559, 81 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 559.6755"]}

Aleochara prisca Sharp, 1876 (Figs. 3, 26���34, 75) Aleochara prisca Sharp 1876: 69 (Description, type locality: ���Ega���), note: Ega is currently known as Tef��, a municipality in Amazonas, Brazil. Duvivier 1883: 100 (catalogue). Bernhauer & Sheerpeltz 1926: 778 (catalogue). Blackwelder 1944: 167 (checklist). Caron et al. 2008: 833 (checklist). Fery 2013: 81 (checklist). Type material: Holotype: One specimen (Fig. 3), female, deposited in BMNH: (1) ��� Aleochara \ prisca Type\ Amazons.\ D.S.��� [white label, handwritten]. (2) ���Holo\Type��� [circular label, white with red boards, ���Holo��� handwritten]. (3) ���Ega.��� [circular label, green, handwritten]. (4) ��� S. America:\ Brazil ��� [white label, printed in black]. (5) ���Sharp Coll.\1905-313.��� [white label, printed in black]. (6) ��� A. prisca \ type. D. S.��� [white label, handwritten]. (7) ��� Holotype \ Aleochara \ prisca Sharp \ det. R. G. Booth 2014��� [white label, handwritten]. Note: Sharp described the species based on holotype. Additional material: FMNH: Brazil: female. One specimen: (1) ��� S. America:\ Brazil ���; (2) ���Sharp Coll.\ 1905- 313.���; (3) ���Compared with\ type:\ Aleochara \ prisca \ Shp.���; (4) ���Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus.\ (ex. D. Sharp Colln \ by exchange with\ Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist.)���; (5) ���FMNHINS\ 2840579\ FIELD MUSEUM \ Pinned���. INPA: Brazil: 18 specimens: (1) ���Brasil ��� AM, Manaus\ Reserva Adolpho Ducke\ 16/VII/2008 \ K.M.Mise (Leg.)���; (2) ���Coleta manual\ Isca carca��a su��na. One specimen: (1) ��� Brasil ��� AM, Manaus\ Reserva Adolpho Ducke\ 10-16/VII/2008 \ K.M.Mise (Leg.)���; (2) ���Coleta manual\ Isca carca��a su��na. One specimen: (1) ���Brasil ��� AM, Manaus\ Reserva Adolpho Ducke\ 10/VII/2008 \ K.M.Mise (Leg.)���; (2) ���Coleta manual\ Isca carca��a su��na. Two specimens: (1) ���Brasil ��� AM, Manaus\ Reserva Adolpho Ducke\ 12/VII/2008 \ K.M.Mise (Leg.)���; (2) ���Coleta manual\ Isca carca��a su��na. Four specimens: (1) ���BRASIL, AM, Manaus\ Rod. AM-010, Km-26,\ Reserva Ducke,���; (2) ���Isca: Cad��ver su��no\ 10.VII.2020, N.J.\ Fraga & J.F. Vidal ���. One specimen: (1) ��� BRASIL, AM, Manaus\ Rod. AM-010, Km-26,\ Reserva Ducke, 3.VI.2002,���; (2) ���N.J.\ Fraga & J.F. Vidal \ carcassa su��na���. One specimen: (1) ���Brasil, Amazonas, Manaus\ Fazenda Experimental da\ UFAM, BR 174, Km 38.\ 20.xii.2007 \ Coleta manual\ T. V. Senra Leg.���; (2) ���13���Sthaphylinidae\ M.C.B. Feitosa Det. ���. Diagnosis: Aleochara prisca differs from other Brazilians A. (Aleochara) species by abdominal tergum VIII two times wider than long; apex of median lobe of the aedeagus toothless and apical one-third curved in lateral view (directed ventrad); anterior margin of each side of tergum IX of female with a weakly sclerotized area and rounded median angle. Redescription: BL: 8.4 mm. EW: 2.2 mm. Head dark brown to black; pronotum predominantly yellowish, or yellowish with dark brown macula on central disc, or entirely dark brown; elytra predominantly yellowish, or yellowish with dark brown macula on disc, or dark brown with external sides lighter or lighter on latero-anterior angle; abdomen brown to dark brown, with posterior half of tergum VII to tergum X lighter, somewhat yellowish to rusty-brown; legs, antennae and mouthparts yellowish to brown. Dorsal surface glossy and covered with thin golden yellowish setae with setigerous pores impressed. Note: the color pattern is very variable in this species, which some individuals are very lighter than the others (for example: holotype), mainly pronotum and elytra. Head: with setigerous punctation; disc with sparse pubescence directed mediad and anterad. Antennae with antennomere 2 half the length of first and slightly narrower than first; 3 longer than 2; 4 transverse; 5���9 similar in shape, clearly transverse, gradually slightly narrower than the apex, 5 distinctly wider than 9; 10 subquadrate to slightly transverse; 11 twice longer than the previous one, subtriangular in shape; 1���4 glossy with some long black setae; 5���11 dull and covered by very short white setae, some long black setae on apex of each antennomere and in 11 with long black setae on a transversal circular line in the middle of the antennomere. Thorax: pronotum with setigerous punctuation; setae directed posterad at the midline of the disc and directed posterad and laterad elsewhere. Mesoventral process truncate. Elytra with setigerous punctuation, denser than pronotum; setae directed posterad. Abdomen: distinctly narrowed posteriorly, maximum width of tergum X about half of apical width of tergum VII; terga coarsely setigerous punctuated, similar to head, pubescence sparse directed posterad. Male: tergum VIII two times wider than long (Fig. 26); posterior margin emarginate at the middle, not serrated. Sternum VIII as wide as long; posterior margin broadly rounded and truncate medially (Fig. 27); internal surface with many short and dense setae directed anterad; Tergum IX with asymmetrical ventral struts, the left shorter than the right, the left with one accessory short arm directed laterad. Tergum X with anterior margin truncate and posterior margin very slightly emarginate at the middle (Fig. 28). Aedeagus: median lobe elongate and bulbous at base (Fig. 30); apex toothless, ventral margin curved in apical one-third in lateral view, directed ventrad (Fig. 31). Female: tergum VIII two times wider than long; posterior margin truncate (Fig. 32). Sternum VIII wider than long; posterior margin broadly rounded, somewhat pointed at the middle, some short setae restricted to posterior margin (Fig. 33). Tergum IX without ventral struts; anterior margin of each half of tergum IX with a weakly sclerotized area and rounded median angle. Tergum X with anterior margin truncate and posterior margin emarginate at the middle (Fig. 34). Spermatheca not found. Geographical records: Material examined: Brazil (Amazonas: Manaus and Tef��) (Fig. 75). Natural history: associated with decomposing pig carcass., Published as part of Caron, Edilson, Moussallem, Marcelo & Bortoluzzi, Sidnei, 2019, Revision of Brazilian species of Aleochara Gravenhorst of the subgenus Aleochara (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 4712 (1) on pages 10-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586751, {"references":["Sharp, D. (1876) Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. Coleoptera-Staphylinidae. Vol. 1. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, London, 398 pp. [pp. 27 - 424] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5536","Duvivier, A. (1883) Enumeration des staphylinides decrits depuis la publication du catalogue de MM. Gemminger & de Harold. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 27, 91 - 215.","Blackwelder, R. E. (1944) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 1. United States National Museum Bulletin, 185, xii + 1 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185. i","Caron, E., Mise, K. M. & Klimaszewski, J. (2008) Aleochara pseudochrysorrhoa, a new species from southern Brazil (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), with a complete checklist of Neotropical species of the genus. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25, 827 - 842. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752008000400022","Fery, H. (2013) David Sharp (1840 - 1922). A bibliography and a catalogue of his insects names. Skorvnopparn, Umea, 4 (Supplement), 1 - 144."]}

Aleochara (Ceranota) subtumida (HOCHHUTH, 1849) Aleochara (Polychara) khnzoriani AMIRYAN,1999b: 62 f.; syn. nov. Type material examined: Holotype: ��� Armenia, Goris, sel. [village] Tatev, pod kamnem [under stones], 21.05.88, c. Kalashian M. / Type / Aleochara khnzoriani sp. n. Det. Amiryan A / Aleochara subtumida (Hochhuth), det. V. Assing 2018��� (IZAY). Comment: In the original description of Aleochara khnzoriani, which is based on a unique female, AMIRYAN (1999b) attributed the species to the subgenus Polychara MULSANT & REY, 1874, now a synonym of Xenochara MULSANT & REY, 1874. An examination of the holotype, however, revealed that the specimen belongs to the subgenus Ceranota STEPHENS, 1839 and is conspecific with A. subtumida. Hence the synonymy proposed above., Published as part of Assing, Volker & Sch��lke, Michael, 2019, The Staphylinidae of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh (Coleoptera), pp. 91-173 in Beitr��ge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 69 (1) on page 155, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.69.1.091-173, http://zenodo.org/record/5742724, {"references":["HOCHHUTH, J. H. 1849: Die Staphylinen-Fauna des Kaukasus und Transkaukasiens. - Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 22 (1): 18 - 214.","AMIRYAN, A. L. 1999 b: Novy vid Aleochara GRAVENHORST is Armenii (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Biological Journal of Armenia 52 (1): 62 - 63."]}

Except for catalog listings, Aleochara repetita Sharp, from Panama and Brazil (Para), has not been studied since its original description in 1887. Here, we record it again from Para and two additional Brazilian states, Distrito Federal and Parana. After examination of the type material, the species is transferred to the subgenus Xenochara Mulsant and Rey. Aleochara repetita is very similar to Aleochara opacula Bernhauer, from which it differs by the strongly sinuate and deeply U-shaped posterior margin of tergite VIII of the female and the spermatheca with a somewhat globose chamber. Here, for the first time, the male and female genitalia of the species are illustrated.

Subgenus Xenochara Mulsant and Rey, 1874 Type Species. Aleochara decorata Aubé 1850: 311. Fixed by Mulsant and Rey (1874) by monotypy. For literature review, see Gouix and Klimaszewski (2007). For redescription of the subgenus, see Klimaszewski (1984) and Klimaszewski and Jansen (1993). For diagnosis, see Klimaszewski and Maus (1999)., Published as part of Buss, Bruna C., Moussallem, Marcelo & Caron, Edilson, 2018, Rediscovery and New Subgenus Assignment of Aleochara Repetita Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 702-706 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 72 (4) on page 703, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-72.4.702, http://zenodo.org/record/5384970

The subgenus Tinotus Sharp, 1833, stat. n., of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802 (Aleocharini: Aleocharina) from Japan, Taiwan, and the Russian Far East is revised. Tinotus is a new record from the latter two regions. Three species are recognized: Aleochara (Tinotus) morion Gravenhorst, 1802, comb. n. [Japan (new record), the Russian Far East (new record)], Aleochara (Tinotus) eoa nom. n. [replacement name for Tinotus japonicus Cameron, 1933; Japan, Taiwan (new record)], and Aleochara (Tinotus) takashii sp. n. (central Honshû, Japan). The systematic position of Tinotus is discussed. All species are (re-)described, keyed, and figured. A world checklist of Tinotus species, comprising 40 valid species, is provided in an appendix. Additional taxonomic changes are proposed, including a new synonymy, a revalidation, 13 new replacement names, and 27 new combinations.

Aleochara funebris WOLLASTON, 1864 This widespread and common species is distributed across the Palaearctic region and has also been recorded from the Oriental region (SCH��LKE & SMETANA 2015). Remarkably, it was previously unknown from Greece., Published as part of Assing, Volker, Sch��lke, Michael, Brachat, Volker & Meybohm, Heinrich, 2018, On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Corfu (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 31-67 in Beitr��ge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology (Beitr. Entomol.) (Beitr. Entomol.) 68 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.68.1.031-067, http://zenodo.org/record/4755016, {"references":["SCHULKE, M. & SMETANA, A. 2015: Staphylinidae: pp. 304 - 1134. - In: LOBL, I. & LOBL, D. (eds), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. New, updated Edition. Volume 2. Hydrophiloidea - Staphylinoidea. Revised and updated edition. - Leiden: Brill: xxvi + 1702 pp."]}

Subgenus XenocharaMULSANT & REY,1874 Xenochara is the most speciose of all the subgenera recorded from the Palaearctic region. This subgenus includes several species groups associated with subterranean burrows of mammals and other nests. Species of other groups are generally found in dung, mushrooms, or other habitats. For more details see ASSING (2009a)., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 139, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 a): On the taxonomy and zoogeography of some Palaearctic Aleochara species of the subgenera Xenochara MULSANT & REY and Rheochara MULSANT & REY (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (1): 33 - 101."]}

Aleochara (Ceranota) purkyneiROUBAL,1937 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Greece: Pelopónnisos: 2 exs., Taygetos, W Mystras, Langada pass, 37°08'N, 22°18'E, 1260 m, fir forest, 7.V.2007, leg. Schnitter et al. (NME, cAss); 3 exs., Korinthía, Feneos, 37°56'N, 22°17'E, 21.IV.-5.V.2005, leg. Arndt (NME, cAss). C o m m e n t: Aleochara purkynei is endemic to the Pelopónnisos (ASSING 2009b)., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 133, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 b): A revision of Ceranota STEPHENS, subgenus of Aleochara GRAVENHORST (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (2): 355 - 422."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) vagepunctataKRAATZ,1856 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Ukraine: 1♂, Kherson obl., Askania-Nova env., sheep farm, burrows of Microtus socialis, 30.IV.2016, leg. Gontarenko (cAss).. C o m m e n t: This rare species was previously known from France, Italy, southern Central Europe (Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic), Hungary, and Armenia (SCHÜLKE & SMETANA 2015). The above male represents the first record from Ukraine., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350

Aleochara (Ceranota) plicelytrata nov.sp. (Figs 1-10, Map 5) T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype ♂: " ARMENIA [49] – SW Goris, ESE Tatev, 39°21'47''N, 46°16'52''E, 1950 m, forest margin, 13.VII.2017, V. Assing / Holotypus ♂ Aleochara plicelytrata sp.n. det. V. Assing 2018" (cAss). Paralectotypes: 3♂♂, 3♀♀ [partly teneral]: same data as holotype (cAss, MNB); 1♂, 4♀♀ [partly teneral]: same data, but leg. Schülke (MNB); 1♂, 1♀: " ARMENIA [20a] - 35 km NW Sisian, 39°41'01''N, 45°46'46''E, 2080 m, bushes nr. stream sifted, 3.VII.2016, V. Assing" (cAss); 1♀ [teneral]: " ARMENIA [AR16-22] 20 km W Goris, Shurnukh, 39°21'38''N, 46°24'33''E, 1720 m, Quercus and Carpinus forest, litter and dead wood sifted, 5.VII.2016, Schülke" (MNB); 1♀ [teneral]: " ARMENIA [AR16-31] 25 km S Kapan, N Gomarants pass, 39°02'15''N, 46°22'13''E, 2050 m, oak forest with Acer, Carpinus, and fern undergrowth, litter sifted, 7.VII.2016, leg. M. Schülke " (MNB); 5♂♂, 7♀♀ [partly teneral]: " ARMENIA [39] - 25 km SW Kapan, 39°04'01''N, 46°16'10''E, 2150 m, near stream, sifted, 10.VII.2016, V. Assing" (cAss, MNB); 1♂: " ARMENIA [13] – WSW Dilijan, Kalavan, 40°38'40''N, 45°06'04''E, 1700 m, oak forest, 29.VI.2017, V. Assing" (cAss); 1♀ [teneral]: same data, but leg Schülke (MNB); 1♂, 1♀ [teneral]: " ARMENIA [AR17-17] E Dilijan, road Ttujur–Berd, 40°44'04''N, 45°18'10''E, 1930 m, slope with beech and bushes, sifted, 30.VI.2017, leg. M. Schülke " (MNB); 1♀: " ARMENIA [18] – road Berd–Ijevan, 40°52'26''N, 45°18'00''E, 1350 m, beech forest, 30.VI.2017, V. Assing" (cAss); 1♀ [teneral]: " ARMENIA [19] – road Dilijan–Vanadzor, 40°46'15''N, 44°37'02''E, 1790 m, birch forest, 1.VII.2017, V. Assing" (MNB); 1♀: same data, but leg. Schülke (MNB); 1♀: " ARMENIA [35] – SE Spitak, 1840 m, 40°48'07''N, 44°18'11''E, oak forest margin, sifted, 7.VII.2017, V. Assing " (cAss); 3♂♂, 1♀: " ARMENIA [49b] – SW Goris, ESE Tatev, 39°21'47''N, 46°16'52''E, 1950 m, forest margin, 14.VII.2017, V. Assing" (cAss); 1♀: " ARMENIA [AR17-50] SW Goris, ESE Tatev, 39°21'32''N, 46°16'05''E, 1730 m, deciduous forest margin, litter and debris sifted, 13.VII.2017, leg. Schülke " (MNB); 4♂♂, 3♀♀: " ARMENIA [51] – SW Goris, ESE Tatev, 39°21'50''N, 46°16'32''E, 1820 m, forest margin, 14.VII.2017, V. Assing" (cAss); 4♂♂, 4♀♀ [partly teneral]: same data, but leg. Schülke (MNB); 2 exs.: " ARMENIA, Syunik pr., Tandzaver- Aghvani, N39.350°, E46.316°, 1670 m, 5-30.VII.2015, leg. Kalashian " (cAss); 1 ex.: " ARMENIA, Syunik prov., N Verin Khotanan, N39.3284°, E 46.3751°, 1660 m, 5-30.VII.2015, leg. Kalashian " (cAss); 2♂♂: " N42°39'47 E45°09'19 (GG), Zentral-Kaukasus, Schatili 1430 m 14.7.2015, l. Brachat & Meybohm" (cAss); 1♂: " N42°37'47 E45°07'31 (13), Zentral-Kaukasus, Schatili-Kristani 1630 m, Brachat & Meybohm 16.7.2015 " (cAss); 1♂ [teneral]: " N42°46'03 E42'55'05, GG Zemo Svaneti, Kala 1750 m (33), l. Meybohm 29.7.2016 " (cAss). E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is an adjective composed of the Latin noun plica (fold) and the adjective elytrata. It alludes to the more or less distinctly elevated posterior portion of the elytral suture. D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 3.7-6.0 mm; length of forebody 1.8-2.5 mm. Coloration: head blackish; pronotum reddish-brown to blackish-brown; elytra yellowishbrown to brown, with the scutellar and the postero-lateral portion usually more or less distinctly darker; abdomen dark-brown to blackish, with the posterior margins of the segments paler reddish to reddish-brown; legs dark-yellowish; antennae pale-brown to dark-brown, with the basal 2-3 antennomeres yellowish to reddish. Head (Fig. 1) slender and distinctly oblong; dorsal surface with dense and fine punctation; interstices with distinct microreticulation (Fig. 2). Eyes weakly convex, approximately as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Clypeus fully sclerotized. Antenna as in Fig. 3. Pronotum (Fig. 1) weakly transverse, usually 1.05-1.10 times as broad as long and much broader than head (approximately 1.4 times as broad as head in relatively large specimens). Punctation rather dense and fine, but more distinct than that of head; interstices with more or less pronounced microreticulation (Fig. 4). Elytra (Fig. 1) 0.8-0.9 times as long as pronotum; posterior portion of suture mostly more or less distinctly elevated in both sexes (Fig. 5); punctation distinct, somewhat asperate, and dense; interstices with shallow microreticulation visible only at high magnification (100 x). Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I longer than the combined length of II-IV. Abdomen (Fig. 6) with fine and rather sparse punctation; tergites I-VI with extremely fine and extremely shallow, often practically obsolete transverse microsculpture visible only at high magnification (100 x), tergites VII and especially VIII usually with more distinct transverse microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe. ♂: anterior abdominal sternites unmodified; tergite III sometimes with weakly pronounced median tubercle; tergite VII in larger males usually with weakly pronounced and weakly defined transverse median elevation posteriorly; posterior margin of sternite VIII acutely produced posteriorly; median lobe of aedeagus 0.55-0.60 mm long and shaped as in Figs 7-9. ♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly convex, in the middle weakly concave; spermatheca shaped as in Fig. 10. C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: Based on the narrow and oblong head and the male secondary sexual characters, particularly the unmodified anterior male abdominal sternites, A. plicelytrata belongs to the A. subtumida group. Among the species of this group, A. plicelytrata is particularly characterized by the presence of distinct microsculpture on the head and pronotum, the usually elevated posterior portion of the elytral suture, and by the morphology of the aedeagus. It is distinguished from the geographically close A. sarica ASSING, 2009 (Iran) by a more slender head, distinctly longer and more slender antennae (A. sarica: antenna massive, antennomere IV distinctly transverse), more pronounced microsculpture on the pronotum, weakly pronounced or absent modifications of the male tergites III and VII, by a larger, more robust aedeagus with a differently shaped ventral process (A. sarica: median lobe of aedeagus approximately 0.5 mm long; ventral process longer and somewhat sinuate in lateral view), and by the shape of the spermatheca (A. sarica: distal portion of different shape; proximal portion less slender and nearly straight). For illustrations of A. sarica and other species of the A. subtumida group see ASSING (2009b). D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The known distribution includes Armenia and Georgia (Map 5). The material was sifted from leaf litter, roots, and debris in various habitats: in mixed forests, oak forests, beech forests, beneath willow near streams, and a wet slope with bushes. The altitudes range from 1350 to 2150 m. Numerous specimens collected in June and July are teneral., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on pages 136-139, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 b): A revision of Ceranota STEPHENS, subgenus of Aleochara GRAVENHORST (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (2): 355 - 422."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) haematopteraKRAATZ,1858 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Armenia: 2♂♂, N Yerevan, NW Hrazdan, 40°34'N, 44°24'E, 2000 m, stream bank with gravel, 28.VI.2016, leg. Assing (cAss); 1♀, 20 km Kapan, W Tsav, 39°03'N, 46°26'E, 1170 m, stream valley, collected from gravel, 9.VII.2016, leg. Assing (cAss). Lebanon: 2♂♂, 4 exs. [det. Feldmann], ca. 30 km NE Beirut, bank of Ibrahim river near Adonis, 5.III.2014, leg. Reuter (cFel). C o m m e n t: This widespread and common species had been reported from Armenia only once (ASSING 2017a). According to SCHÜLKE & SMETANA (2015), it was previously unknown from Lebanon., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 139, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2017 a): A revision of types and additional material of Staphylinidae from the Iablokoff-Khnzorian collection (Insecta: Coleoptera). - Linzer Biologische Beitrage 49 (1): 333 - 340."]}

Aleochara (Ceranota) hydrocephalaFAUVEL,1900 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Spain: 1♂, Sierra de Guadarrama, Real Sitio de San Ildefonso, Majada Hambrienta, 21.VI.-8.VII.2016, leg. Lencina & González (cAss). C o m m e n t: The distribution of this rarely collected species is confined to Southwest Europe (ASSING 2009b)., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 133, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 b): A revision of Ceranota STEPHENS, subgenus of Aleochara GRAVENHORST (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (2): 355 - 422."]}

Aleochara (Ceranota) majorFAIRMAIRE,1858 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: France: 1♂ [det. Feldmann], Rhône-Alpes, Brette, 44.596°N, 5.334°E, lavender field, pitfall trap, 1-15.XI.2016, leg. Lèbre (cFel). C o m m e n t: The known distribution of A. major is confined to Central Europe and France (ASSING 2009b)., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 132, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 b): A revision of Ceranota STEPHENS, subgenus of Aleochara GRAVENHORST (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (2): 355 - 422."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) honestaLIKOVSKÝ,1973 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Georgia: 8♀♀, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Gudamakarskiy mts., E Ivari pass, 42°31'N, 44°28'E, 2520 m, under stones, 10.VII.2015, leg. Pütz (cPüt, cAss); 2♀♀, N Tushetia, Kakhetiskiy mts., Abano pass, 42°17'N, 45°31'E, 2860 m, under stones, 7.VII.2015, leg. Pütz (cPüt). C o m m e n t: This Caucasian species was previously known from Northeast Turkey and the Russian part of the West Caucasus. The above specimens, all of them females, represent the first records from Georgia., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on pages 146-147, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350

Aleochara (Xenochara) leptoceraEPPELSHEIM,1889 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Turkey: 1♂, 1♀, Denizli, Honaz Dağı, 37°41'N, 29°17'E, 2500 m, 13.VI.2013, leg. Örgel (cAnl, cAss). C o m m e n t: Reliable records of this nidicolous species are known only from Turkey, Israel, and Iran. In Turkey it had been recorded from Kahramanmaraş and Karaman provinces (ASSING 2007, 2009a, 2011)., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 147, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2007): On the Aleocharini of Turkey, with notes on some species from adjacent regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entomologie, Keltern 57 (1): 177 - 209.","ASSING V. (2009 a): On the taxonomy and zoogeography of some Palaearctic Aleochara species of the subgenera Xenochara MULSANT & REY and Rheochara MULSANT & REY (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (1): 33 - 101."]}

Aleochara (Ceranota) claviculataASSING,2009 (Map 3) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Turkey: 1♀, Erzurum, 35 km NW Tortum, Mescit Dağları, ca. 40°30'N, 41°25'E, 2100 m, poplar forest, 18.VI.1998, leg. Solodovnikov (cAss). Russia: 1♀, W- Caucasus, 15 km ENE Krasnaya Polyana, near Pseashkha pass, 43°43'N, 40°23'E, 2040 m, moist subalpine forest (Betula, Acer), 16.VII.2011, leg. Assing (cAss); 1♂, W-Caucasus, 15 km ENE Krasnaya Polyana, S-slope of Pseashkha range, 43°43'N, 40°24'E, 2040 m, subalpine beech forest with rhododendron, sifted, 17.VII.2011, leg. Assing (cAss). C o m m e n t: The previously known distribution was confined to Northeast Anatolia (Ordu and Rize provinces) (ASSING 2009b). The above specimens from the West Cauca- sus represent the first records from Russia and the Greater Caucasus. The known distribution is illustrated in Map 3., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on pages 133-134, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 b): A revision of Ceranota STEPHENS, subgenus of Aleochara GRAVENHORST (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (2): 355 - 422."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) lanuginosaGRAVENHORST,1802 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Armenia: 1 ex., NW Goris, W Verishen, 39°42'N, 45°19'E, 1670 m, margin of oak forest, litter, moss, and roots beneath Quercus and Rosa sifted, 12.VII.2017, leg. Schülke). C o m m e n t: Though widespread and common across the Palaearctic region, A. lanuginosa had not been reported from Armenia (SCHÜLKE & SMETANA 2015)., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 140, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350

Aleochara (Xenochara) falcataASSING,2009 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Armenia: 4♂♂, 10♀♀, 30 km NW Sisian, 39°47'N, 45°56'E, 2970 m, road margin and pasture, under stones, 2.VII.2016, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss, MNB); 1♂, 1 ex., 30 km NW Sisian, Mt. Karkar, 39°47'N, 45°57'E, 3000 m, N-slope, debris between stones and under plants sifted, 11.VII.2017, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss, MNB). C o m m e n t: The original description is based on few specimens from two localities in Russia (ASSING 2009a). The above specimens represent the first records from Armenia., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 146, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 a): On the taxonomy and zoogeography of some Palaearctic Aleochara species of the subgenera Xenochara MULSANT & REY and Rheochara MULSANT & REY (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (1): 33 - 101."]}

Aleochara (Ceranota) ruficornisGRAVENHORST,1802 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Slovakia: 1♂, Small Carpathians, Smolenice env., Smolenice Castle, 500 m, 25.-30.III.2007, leg. Pankjans (cAss). C o m m e n t: This species is distributed across most of Europe (ASSING 2009b)., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 131, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 b): A revision of Ceranota STEPHENS, subgenus of Aleochara GRAVENHORST (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (2): 355 - 422."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) rambousekiLIKOVSKÝ,1964 (Map 6) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Iraq: 1♂, 11 exs. [det. Feldmann], S Rawandoz, Akoian valley, 36°30'N, 44°36'E, ~ 1400 m, pitfall trap, 17.-25.IV.2017, leg. Reuter (cFel). C o m m e n t: The distribution of A. rambouseki ranges from the Balkans (Greece, Croatia, Macedonia) across Turkey eastwards to Azerbaijan and Iraq (ASSING 2009a, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017a, b). The currently known distribution is illustrated in Map 6., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 146, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 a): On the taxonomy and zoogeography of some Palaearctic Aleochara species of the subgenera Xenochara MULSANT & REY and Rheochara MULSANT & REY (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (1): 33 - 101.","ASSING V. (2013): On the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) of Turkey IX. Five new species, a new synonymy, and additional records. - Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Na turkunde A, Neue Serie 6: 103 - 125.","ASSING V. (2015): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Samos (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). - Koleopt erologische Rundschau 85: 81 - 102.","ASSING V. (2016): On the Staphylinidae of Turkey XI. Two new species, new synonymies, and additional records (Insecta: Coleoptera). - Linzer Biologische Beitrage 48 (1): 269 - 280.","ASSING V. (2017 a): A revision of types and additional material of Staphylinidae from the Iablokoff-Khnzorian collection (Insecta: Coleoptera). - Linzer Biologische Beitrage 49 (1): 333 - 340."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) gontarenkoiASSING,2009 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Russia: 6 exs., Ul'yanovskaya Oblast, Radishchevskiy Rayon, Vyazovka, marmot nest, 2.V.1993, leg. Isaev (ZMUC, cAss); 2 exs., same data, but 1.VIII.1996 (ZMUC); 1 ex., Ul'yanovskaya Oblast, Novospasskiy Rayon, Marjevka, gopher nest, 6.V.2000, leg. Isaev (ZMUC); 2 exs., same data, but 5.V.2000 (ZMUC); 1 ex., Saratovskaya Oblast, Ozinskiy Rayon, 6 km SW Sinegorskiy, 51°17'N; 49°48'E, 2.V.2009, leg. Kovalev (cAss). Ukraine: 2♂♂, 1♀, Kharkiv Oblast, Krasnograd district, Pitschanka env., steppe meadow, pitfall near hole of Spermophilus suslicus, V.1994, leg. Novikov (cGon); 1♀, same data, but IV.1995 (cGon). C o m m e n t: Confirmed records of this recently described species were previously known only from gopher nests in Ukraine and eastern Anatolia (ASSING 2009a, 2011a). The above specimens represent the first records from Russia, most of them were collected from marmot nests., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 140, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 a): On the taxonomy and zoogeography of some Palaearctic Aleochara species of the subgenera Xenochara MULSANT & REY and Rheochara MULSANT & REY (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (1): 33 - 101.","ASSING V. (2011 a): A new species of the Aleochara laevigata group from Spain, with notes on A. rambouseki LIKOVSKY and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 43 (1): 283 - 290."]}

Aleochara (Ceranota) penicillataPEYERIMHOFF,1901 (Map 2) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Greece: 1♂, Flórina, Oros Verno, Vigla, ski resort, 40°46'N, 21°16'E, 1660 m, 15.IX.2015 - 8.VI.2017, leg. Giachino & Vailati (cAss); 1 ex., Arta, Kakarditza, Melissourgi, Oros Tourla, 39°29'N, 21°10'E, 1420 m, 15.VI.2008 - 18.VI.2010, leg. Giachino & Vailati (cAss); 3 exs., Kastoriá, Oros Vório, above Kotíli, 40°20'N, 21°00'E, 1465 m, 17.VI.2008 - 14.VI.2010, leg. Giachino & Vailati (cAss). C o m m e n t: This species was previously known only from the Alps and adjacent regions (ASSING 2009b). The above first records from Greece, reveal that it is widespread also in the Balkans (Map 2). The specimens examined were all collected with subterranean pitfall traps., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on pages 132-133, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 b): A revision of Ceranota STEPHENS, subgenus of Aleochara GRAVENHORST (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (2): 355 - 422."]}

Aleochara (Ceranota) diversicollisFAUVEL,1900 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: France: 10♂♂, 3♀♀, Pyrénées-Orientales, Eyne natural reserve, 42°28'N, 2°06'E, 1720 m, pitfall traps, 17.-30.V.2009, leg. Lopez (cTro, cAss). C o m m e n t: Confirmed records of A. diversicollis are known only from southern France and Spain (ASSING 2009b)., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 132, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 b): A revision of Ceranota STEPHENS, subgenus of Aleochara GRAVENHORST (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (2): 355 - 422."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) jacobsoniKIRSHENBLAT,1935 (Figs 21-27) Aleochara (Polychara) jacobsoni KIRSHENBLAT, 1935: 336 f. T y p e m a t e r i a l: Lectotype ♂, present designation: "Gran Kisilkumov i Golod. st. u CyrD G Yakoboson 10.v.03 / [word illegible] N45 / Aleochara jacobsoni sp.n. Kirshenblat det. / Lectotypus ♂ Aleochara jacobsoni Kirshenblat, desig. V. Assing 2017" (ZIN). Paralectotype ♀: same data as holotype (ZIN). C o m m e n t: The original description is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from "Kasakstan und Turkmenien" (KIRSHENBLAT 1935). Two syntypes, a male and a female, both in rather poor condition (most of antennae, legs partly missing), were located in the Kirshenblat collection in ZIN. The male is designated as the lectotype. This species had never been revised; its sexual characters were unknown. Therefore, a full redescription and illustrations are provided. R e d e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 4.2-4.5 mm. Coloration: head, pronotum, and abdomen blackish; elytra reddish-yellow; legs pale reddish-brown; antennae blackishbrown with the basal three antennomeres reddish. Head (Fig. 21) broadest across or behind eyes; punctation very fine and rather dense; interstices with distinct microsculpture. Eyes large and bulging, longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antennae not assessable. Pronotum (Fig. 21) distinctly transverse, moderately convex in cross-section, approximately 1.3 times as broad as long and 1.4 times as broad as head; punctation slightly denser and somewhat more distinct than that of head; interstices with microsculpture. Elytra (Fig. 21) small in relation to pronotum, only slightly broader than, and approximately 0.75-0.80 times as long as pronotum; posterior margin not distinctly sinuate near lateral angles; punctation dense and more distinct than that of head and pronotum. Hind wings fully developed. Legs very long and slender; metatarsus slightly longer than metatibia; metatarsomere I longer than the combined length of metatarsomeres II and III, but shorter than the combined length of II-IV. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra; punctation rather coarse and very dense on anterior, less dense and finer on posterior tergites; interstices without microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe. ♂: sternite VII [sic] posteriorly acutely pointed in the middle (Fig. 22); sternite VIII acutely produced posteriorly; median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 23) 0.9 mm long (total length 0.98 mm) and of conspicuous shape, very slender and strongly bent subapically in lateral view; internal structures as in Fig. 24; paramere (Fig. 25) conspicuously long (length 1.1 mm), even longer than the median lobe. ♀: sternite VII unmodified; posterior margin of sternite VIII obtusely pointed in the middle (Fig. 26); spermatheca shaped as in Fig. 27. C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: Like A. citellorum, A. jacobsoni belongs to the A. parvicornis group, as can be inferred particularly from the morphology of the aedeagus. The species is readily distinguished from all other Xenochara species by the conspicuously long and slender median lobe and parameres of the aedeagus, as well as by the modifications of the male sternite VII. D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: Aleochara jacobsoni was originally described based on material from "Kasakstan und Turkmenien"; subsequent records are unknown to me. The type material was collected in "den Bauen von Spermophilopsis leptodactylus und Rhombomys opimus " (KIRSHENBLAT 1935), i. e., the burrows of the longclawed ground squirrel and of the great gerbil, both of which are distributed in Middle Asia., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 143, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["KIRSHENBLAT Y. D. (1935): Zur Frage nach der Entstehung einiger nidikolen (nestbewohnenden) Arten. - D oklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 2 (3 - 4): 335 - 337."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) haemopteraKRAATZ,1856 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Ukraine: 1♂, Kherson obl., Askania-Nova, Yuzhnyi, badger burrow, 24.III.2017, leg. Gontarenko (cAss). C o m m e n t: According to SCHÜLKE & SMETANA (2015), this rare nidicolous species was previously unknown from Ukraine., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 146, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350

Aleochara (Xenochara) suslicaASSING,2009 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Ukraine: 1♂, Odessa oblast, Ivanovka district, Gudevichevo env., sweep-netting, 22.IV.2012, leg. Gontarenko (cGon); 3♂♂, 4♀♀, Odessa oblast, right bank of Tiligul liman, Kalinivka env., suslik burrows, 8.IV.2007, leg. Gontarenko (cGon, cAss); 1♀, Cherson obl., Askania-Nova env., sheep farm, hole of Citellus pygmaeus, 30.III.2016, leg. Gontarenko (cGon); 1♂, 1♀, same data, but hole of Microtus socialis (cGon, cAss).. C o m m e n t: Most of the type specimens of this species were collected from burrows of Spermophilus suslicus (GÜLDENSTÄDT, 1770). The above records from burrows of other mammals, however, show that A. suslica is not exclusively associated with this species. The known distribution is confined to Ukraine., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350

Aleochara (Xenochara) inconspicuaAUBÉ,1850 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Armenia: 2♂♂, 14♀♀, 12 exs., 20 km SSE Goris, Shurnukh, 39°22'N, 46°25'E, 1720 m, Quercus and Carpinus forest, litter and dead wood sifted, 5.VII.2016, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss, MNB); 1♂, 1♀, 20 km SSE Goris, Shurnukh, 39°22'N, 46°25'E, 1720 m, grassland near forest margin, litter beneath bushes sifted, 5.VII.2016, leg. Assing (cAss); 1♀, 25 km S Kapan, N Gomarants Pass 39°02'N, 46°22'E, 2190 m, oak forest, litter and dead wood sifted, 7.VII.2016, leg. Assing (cAss); 2♀♀, 1 ex., 25 km S Kapan, N Gomarants Pass, 39°02'N, 46°22'E, 2050 m, oak forest with Acer, Carpinus, and fern undergrowth, litter and dead wood sifted, 7.VII.2016, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss, MNB); 1 ex., 20 km Kapan, W Tsav, 39°03'N, 46°26'E, 1170 m, stream valley, litter and flood debris near stream sifted, 9.VII.2016, leg. Schülke (MNB); 2♂♂, 2♀♀, 2 exs., 25 km SW Kapan, 39°04'N, 46°16'E, 2150 m, near stream, litter of Salix and debris sifted, 10.VII.2016, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss, cSch); 1♂, 1♀, Gavar, 40°21'N, 45°08'E, 1950 m, old poplar trees near river, litter and roots of herbs sifted, 25.VI.2017, leg. Assing (cAss); 1♂, WSW Dilijan, Kalavan, 40°38'N, 45°06'E, 2100 m, forest at timber line with oak and birch, litter and large fungus on oak sifted, 5.VII.2017, leg. Assing (cAss); 1♂, 2♀♀, pass road E Ijevan, 40°52'N, 45°13'E, 1790 m, forest with old Quercus and Carpinus, litter and roots sifted, 6.VII.2017, leg. Assing (cAss); 1♀, 3 exs., pass N Goris, 39°36'N, 46°19'E, 1990 m, N-slope with small stream valleys with and without water, litter, debris, and moss sifted, 9.VII.2017, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss, MNB); 1 ex., same data, but 10.VII.2017, leg. Schülke (MNB); 6♂♂, 4♀♀, NW Goris, W Verishen, 39°32'N, 46°19'E, 1670 m, margin of oak forest, litter, moss, and roots beneath Quercus and Rosa sifted, 12.VII.2017, leg. Assing (cAss); 7♂♂, 5♀♀, 5 exs., SW Goris, ESE Tatev, 39°22'N, 46°17'E, 1950 m, margin of mixed deciduous forest (Quercus, Carpinus, Acer, etc.), litter and roots sifted, 13.VII.2017, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss, MNB); 3♂♂, 13♀♀, 7 exs., same data, but 14.VII.2017 (cAss, MNB); 1♂, 2♀♀, 2 exs., SW Goris, ESE Tatev, 39°22'N, 46°17'E 1820 m, margin of mixed deciduous forest (Quercus, Carpinus, Acer, etc.), litter and debris between rocks sifted, 14.VII.2017, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss, MNB). C o m m e n t: According to SCHÜLKE & SMETANA (2015), A. inconspicua was previously unknown from Armenia, where it is one of the most common Xenochara species., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on pages 139-140, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350

Aleochara (Xenochara) parvicornisFAUVEL,1900 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Russia: 1 ex., Saratovskaya Oblast, Ozinskiy Rayon, 6 km SW Sinegorskiy, 51°17'N, 49°48'E, 2.V.2009, leg. Kovalev (ZMUC). C o m m e n t: This rarely found species was previously known from only few localities in southwestern Russia and in Mongolia. It is probably associated with the steppe marmot, Marmota bobak (MÜLLER, 1776) (ASSING 2009a)., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 a): On the taxonomy and zoogeography of some Palaearctic Aleochara species of the subgenera Xenochara MULSANT & REY and Rheochara MULSANT & REY (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (1): 33 - 101."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) grandeguttataASSING,2009 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Ukraine: 1♂, Odessa env., Kuyalnik liman, saline soil, 5.V.2004, leg. Gontarenko (cGon). Armenia: 1♂, 1♀, 2 exs., N Yerevan, NW Hrazdan, 40°38'N, 44°28'E, 2110 m, stream valley, mixed deciduous forest, litter and grass roots sifted, 28.VI.2016, leg. Assing & Schülke (cAss, MNB); 1 ex., 30 km NW Sisian, Mt. Karkar, 39°47'N, 45°56'E, 3000 m, horse dung, 11.VII.2017, leg. Schülke (MNB). C o m m e n t: This species was previously known from Turkey, Armenia, Hungary, and Romania (ASSING 2009a, 2011a). The above male from the environs of Odessa represents the first record from Ukraine. Aleochara (Xenochara) maculata BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE , 1863 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Georgia: 1♂, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Gudamakarskiy mts., E Ivari pass, 42°31'N, 44°28'E, 2520 m, under stones, 10.VII.2015, leg. Pütz (cPüt). Armenia: 1♂, 30 km NW Sisian, 39°47'N, 45°56'E, 2960 m, grassy slope with rocks, roots and debris sifted, 2.VII.2016, leg. Assing (cAss); 2♂♂, 2♀♀, mountain range W Gavar, 40°20'N, 44°57'E, 2700 m, snow field, debris sifted, 26.VI.2017, leg. Assing (cAss); 1♀, road Berd – Ijevan, 40°52'N, 45°18'E, 1350 m, beech forest margin, litter and roots sifted, 30.VI.2017, leg. Assing (cAss); 1♀, pass N Goris, 39°36'N, 46°19'E, 1990 m, N-slope with small stream valleys with water, litter, debris, and moss sifted, 10.VII.2017, leg. Assing (cAss). C o m m e n t: The known distribution of this widespread species ranges from the Iberian Peninsula eastwards to the Caucasus region (ASSING 2009a). The above specimens represent the first records from Georgia and Armenia., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 146, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 a): On the taxonomy and zoogeography of some Palaearctic Aleochara species of the subgenera Xenochara MULSANT & REY and Rheochara MULSANT & REY (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (1): 33 - 101.","ASSING V. (2011 a): A new species of the Aleochara laevigata group from Spain, with notes on A. rambouseki LIKOVSKY and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 43 (1): 283 - 290."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) moerensGYLLENHAL,1827 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Armenia: 1♂, 2♀♀, WSW Kapan, Meghri Pass, 39°07'N, 46°10'E, 2520 m, grassy slope, in mushroom, 6.VII.2016, leg. Assing (cAss). C o m m e n t: Aleochara moerens is widespread across the Palaearctic region, but was previously unknown from Armenia (SCHÜLKE & SMETANA 2015)., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 140, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350

Aleochara (Ceranota) convivaEPPELSHEIM,1878 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Armenia: 3♂♂, 2♀♀, above Jermuk, 39.84°N, 45.69°E, 2400 m, debris near snowfield sifted, 21.V.2015, leg. Kocian (cKoc, cAss). C o m m e n t: Aleochara conviva had reliably been reported only from Georgia and the Turkish province Bolu (ASSING 2009b). Recently, the species was tentatively recorded also from the Greek island Samos, based on a female (ASSING 2015). The above specimens represent the first confirmed record from Armenia., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2018, On the Aleochara subgenera Ceranota and Xenochara. IV. A revision of types, a new species, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 129-148 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (1) on page 134, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3985350, {"references":["ASSING V. (2009 b): A revision of Ceranota STEPHENS, subgenus of Aleochara GRAVENHORST (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entom ologie, Keltern 59 (2): 355 - 422.","ASSING V. (2015): On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Samos (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). - Koleopt erologische Rundschau 85: 81 - 102."]}

Aleochara erythroptera Gravenhorst, 1806 wird von Löbl & Smetana (2004) nicht als Teil der Schweizer Fauna genannt. Sowohl dem CSCF als auch dem Autor der Checkliste der Staphyliniden der Schweiz (Luka et al. 2009) ist kein Nachweis aus der Schweiz bekannt. Allerdings siebte ASZ ein Exemplar dieser Art bereits im April 2004 am Gipfel der Tête de Ran, 1422 m ü. M. (Val de Ruz, NE) und jetzt wurde sie auch am Lopper gefunden. Es handelt sich um eine Neumeldung für die Fauna der Schweiz. A. erythroptera lebt nach Koch (1989) an Wärmehängen, vermutlich in Nestern von Kleinsäugern., Published as part of Graf, Roman & Szallies, Alexander, 2018, Xylobionte Käfer im Naturwaldreservat Lopper, Stansstad (NW), und in dessen Umgebung, pp. 89-103 in Entomo Helvetica 11 on page 99, DOI: 10.5169/seals-986027, http://zenodo.org/record/8034623, {"references":["Luka H. & Nagel P. 2009. Cheklist of Staphylinids of Switzerland (Coleoptera Staphylinidae excl. Pselaphinae). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 82 (1 - 2): 61 - 100.","Koch K. 1989. Die Kafer Mitteleuropas - Okologie. Band 1. Krefeld, 440 pp."]}

Genus Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802 (Fig. 1–27) Klimaszewski 1984 Diagnosis. Body length very variable within same species, 1.8–13 mm; broadly oval or subparallel, robust; tarsal formula 5-5-5 (4-5- 5 in subgenus Tinotus Sharp); last palpomere of maxillary and labial palps with pseudosegment; lacinia with tuft of apical setae; ligula small, bilobed apically; mesoventrite varying from non-carinate to completely carinate, depending on subgenus. Male tergite IX divided by tergite X, each half narrowly elongate anteriad and posteriad and bearing ventral strut; median lobe of aedeagus usually consisting of narrowly elongate tubus and moderately-sized bulbus (except some species of subgenus Aleochara); internal sac with complex sclerites; flagellum from moderately long to several times longer than length of median lobe of aedeagus; spermatheca consisting of capsule, chamber, duct and seminal channel, variably modified in different subgenera. Biology. Adults are predaceous on larvae, eggs and pupae of cyclorrhaphous Diptera and larvae are ectoparasitoids of dipteran pupae (within the puparium)., Published as part of Klimaszewski, Jan, Webster, Reginald P. & Brunke, Adam, 2017, A new cryptic species of Aleochara Gravenhorst associated with Marmota monax (Linnaeus) burrows and caves in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-11 in Insecta Mundi 2017 (600) on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169964, {"references":["Klimaszewski, J. 1984. A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada No. 129. 211 p."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) quadrata Sharp (Fig. 10 d, and 82, 79, 321, 322, in Klimaszewski 1984) Aleochara quadrata Sharp, 1883: 149. Klimaszewski 1984, Klimaszewski and Cervenka 1986, Majka and Klimaszewski 2008. Diagnosis. This species may be distinguished by the following combination of characters: body dark brown, disc of pronotum as dark as or only slightly paler than head, elytra paler than remainder of the body with darkened basal area; meshed microsculpture of forebody absent or weak and broken in many places. Male: median lobe of aedeagus with apical half of tubus sinuate in lateral view, apex of tubus bent ventrad, subapical sclerites of internal sac of about equal width throughout its length and with apices not upturned (Fig. 10 d). Remarks. This species is sympatric with western populations of A. castaneipennis but has not yet been taken with it in the same collection event. Generally, A. quadrata is much darker and the pronotum is glossier. Males of A. quadrata can be reliably distinguished from A. castaneipennis by the sinuate apical half of the tubus and subapical sclerites of the internal sac, which are not upturned (Fig. 10d. Aleochara quadrata is extremely similar to the Palaearctic species A. moerens Gyllenhal but can be distinguished by its subapical sclerite which does not gradually narrow to a point in A. moerens (Fig. 10 e). The latter species is not yet known from the Nearctic region. Distribution. Origin: Nearctic. Canada: BC. USA: CA, NV, OR, WA. Mexico. This species is newly reported from Washington and Oregon based on the following material: Oregon, Clackamas Co., Camp Creek Cmpgr., 2.8 mi SE Rhododendron, A. & D. Smetana (CNC) 10 specimens; Upper Applegate Rd. (CNC) 1 specimen. Washington, 6 mi E Joyce, 12.V.1968, Campbell and Smetana (CNC) 22 specimens, Olympic Nat. Pk., Hoh Ranger Sta., 600′, 13.V.1968 (CNC) 15 specimens These records link the previously isolated records from BC (Klimaszewski and Cervenka 1986; Majka and Klimaszewski 2008 [claimed to be the first record for BC and Canada]) with those much farther south. Collection and habitat data. Nothing specific is known about the collection circumstances of this species. The collecting period includes: V, VII, VIII., Published as part of Klimaszewski, Jan, Webster, Reginald P. & Brunke, Adam, 2017, A new cryptic species of Aleochara Gravenhorst associated with Marmota monax (Linnaeus) burrows and caves in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-11 in Insecta Mundi 2017 (600) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169964, {"references":["Klimaszewski, J. 1984. A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada No. 129. 211 p.","Klimaszewski, J., and V. J. Cervenka. 1986. A revision of the genus Aleochara (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of America north of Mexico. Supplement 3. New distribution data. Entomological News 97: 119 - 120.","Majka, C. G., and J. Klimaszewski. 2008. New records of Canadian Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). ZooKeys 2: 85 - 114."]}

Subgenus Xenochara Mulsant and Rey, 1874 (Fig. 1–28) Klimaszewski 1984 Diagnosis. Species of this subgenus are distinguished by the following combination of characters: pronotum evenly pubescent (Fig. 1, 11, 20); mesoventrite with complete or almost complete carina, carina is as long as mesoventrite or slightly shorter; last article of maxillary palpus varying in length, from 1/3 to 3/4 length of penultimate article. Remarks. There are many different evolutionary linages in this subgenus that were formerly recognized as species groups (see Klimaszewski 1984) and Xenochara is not likely monophyletic (Maus 2000). Habitats diverse: various decaying organic matter, rotting mushrooms, moss, animal droppings, and forest litter., Published as part of Klimaszewski, Jan, Webster, Reginald P. & Brunke, Adam, 2017, A new cryptic species of Aleochara Gravenhorst associated with Marmota monax (Linnaeus) burrows and caves in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-11 in Insecta Mundi 2017 (600) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169964, {"references":["Klimaszewski, J. 1984. A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada No. 129. 211 p.","Maus, C. 2000. Phylogeny of the genus Aleochara (Col.: Staphylinidae) inferred from nuclear and mtDNA sequences. Entomologica Basiliensia 22: 165 - 168."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) castaneipennis Mannerheim (Fig. 10 b, 11–19) Aleochara castaneipennis Mannerheim, 1843. Klimaszewski 1984, Klimaszewski and Peck 1986 (misidentification of A. castaneimarmotae), Lohse et al. 1990, Klimaszewski and Winchester 2002, Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007, Klimaszewski et al. 2005, Majka and Klimaszewski 2010, Majka et al. 2011, Klimaszewski et al. 2011. Diagnosis. This species may be distinguished by the following combination of characters: body subparallel, length 2.8–6.5 mm; brown to dark brown, with tarsi and palps rusty-brown, elytra often paler than remainder of body (Fig. 11); meshed microsculpture of forebody strong but broken or absent in many places (Fig. 12); antennomers V–X strongly transverse (Fig. 11). Male: tergite VIII truncate and slightly emarginate apically (Fig. 15); sternite VIII strongly triangularly produced apically (Fig. 16); median lobe of aedeagus with tubus evenly arcuate in lateral view (Fig. 13), apex of tubus bent ventrad, subapical sclerites of internal sac with apex upturned but not hooked or sinuate (Fig. 10 b); median lobe in dorsal view as illustrated (Fig. 14). Female: tergite VIII truncate apically and shallowly emarginate medially (Fig. 17); sternite VIII rounded apically with short apical pubescence (Fig. 18); spermatheca L-shaped, capsule slightly elongate sac-shaped (Fig. 19). This species is often misidentified as the externally similar A. fumata, from which it differs by having slightly coarser pronotal punctation, interstices between punctures less glossy, body often larger and different genital features. It may also be confused with the western North American species A. quadrata Sharp, from which it can be distinguished by the distinctly paler disc of the pronotum compared to the head, evenly arcuate apical half of the tubus and subapical sclerite of the internal sac upturned at apex. For a comparison with its sibling species, A. castaneimarmotae, see above. Distribution (verified localities). Origin: Nearctic. Canada: AB, BC, LB, NB, NF, NS, NT, ON, QC, YT. USA: AK, AZ, CO, WA, WY. Based on a re-examination of the material originally examined by Klimaszewski (1984) and new material available to us, we state above only those records which can be confirmed here. Many of the state records south of the northeastern U.S. may refer to A. castaneimarmotae, but this needs to be confirmed. All specimens from Oregon and the available males from California listed by Klimaszewski (1984) refer to A. quadrata. All 134 specimens re-examined from Alaska (UAM), and identified by one of us (JK) as A. castaneipennis, are correctly identified. Collection and habitat data. Habitat: coniferous, deciduous and mixedwood forest types, coastal limestone barrens. Adults often found in rotting mushrooms, carrion, forest leaf litter, moss, and human feces. In NB, this species was often abundant in decaying mushrooms but was seldom found in other microhabitats. Collecting period: IV–XI. Collecting method: sifting decaying mushrooms, forest litter, using unbaited and carrion-baited pitfall traps, flight intercept traps., Published as part of Klimaszewski, Jan, Webster, Reginald P. & Brunke, Adam, 2017, A new cryptic species of Aleochara Gravenhorst associated with Marmota monax (Linnaeus) burrows and caves in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-11 in Insecta Mundi 2017 (600) on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169964, {"references":["Mannerheim, C. G. 1843. Beitrag zur Kafer-Fauna der Aleutischen Inseln, der Insel Sitkha und Neu- Californiens. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 16 (2): 175 - 314.","Klimaszewski, J. 1984. A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada No. 129. 211 p.","Klimaszewski, J., and S. B. Peck. 1986. A review of the cavernicolous Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) of eastern North America: Part I. Aleocharinae. Quaestiones Entomologicae 22: 51 - 113.","Lohse, G. A., J. Klimaszewski, and A. Smetana. 1990. Revision of Arctic Aleocharinae of North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 44: 121 - 202.","Klimaszewski, J., and N. N. Winchester. 2002. Aleocharine rove beetles (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) of the ancient Sitka spruce forest on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Memoires de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie 40: 3 - 126.","Gouix, N., and J. Klimaszewski. 2007. Catalogue of aleocharine rove beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow. 165 p.","Klimaszewski, J., J. Sweeney, J. Price, and G. Pelletier. 2005. Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in red spruce stands, eastern Canada: diversity, abundance, and descriptions of new species. The Canadian Entomologist 137: 1 - 48.","Majka, C. G., and J. Klimaszewski. 2010. Contributions to the knowledge of the Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. ZooKeys 46: 15 - 39.","Majka, C. G., D. S. Chandler, and C. P. Donahue. 2011. Checklist of the beetles of Maine, USA. Empty Mirrors Press, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 328 p.","Klimaszewski, J., D. Langor, G. Pelletier, C. Bourdon, and L. Perdereau. 2011. Aleocharine beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Pensoft Series Faunistica No. 98. Pensoft; Sophia-Moscow. 313 p."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) nobilis LIKOVSKÝ, 1965 (Fig. 8) Aleochara (Heterochara) nobilis LIKOVSKÝ, 1965: 1 f. T y p e m a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Holotype 3: "Caucasus / Reitter determinirt. [sic] / brevicornis Epp. / Holotypus / Holotypus Aleochara nobilis m., Zb. Likovský det. 1965 / Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 20598" (NMP). C o m m e n t: In the original description, which is based on a unique male holotype from "Caucasus (ohne nähere Angaben)", LIKOVSKÝ (1965) assigned the species to the subgenus Heterochara MULSANT & REY, 1874, probably because of the conspicuously stout antennae. An examination of the holotype, however, revealed that it belongs to Xenochara MULSANT & REY, 1874. The species was subsequently reported from Armenia by LIKOVSKÝ (1971), but this record is erroneous and refers to A. haematoptera (see above), so that A. nobilis is deleted from the list of Armenia Staphylinidae. The aedeagus of the holotype is illustrated in Fig. 8., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2017, A revision of types and additional material of Staphylinidae from the Iablokoff-Khnzorian collection (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 333-340 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 49 (1) on page 338, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356983, {"references":["LIKOVSKY Z. (1965): Neue Aleochara - Art aus Kaukasus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae 16: 1 - 3.","LIKOVSKY Z. (1971): Einige west- und mittelasiatische Aleochara - Arten (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 14 (161): 93 - 100."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) rambouseki LIKOVSKÝ, 1964 Aleochara (Polychara) rambouseki LIKOVSKÝ, 1964: 35 ff. Aleochara (Polychara) addenda LIKOVSKÝ, 1981: 365 f.; nov.syn. Aleochara (Xenochara) hamulata ASSING, 2009: 74 ff.; nov.syn. T y p e m a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: A. rambouseki: see ASSING (2011). A. addenda: Paratype 3: " Ordubad, Sady / Paratypus / Paratypus Aleochara addenda m., det. Z. Likovský 1973 / Aleochara rambouseki Likovský, det. V. Assing 2017 " (cKal). A. hamulata: see ASSING (2009). C o m m e n t: Aleochara rambouseki was described based on a single female collected in South Macedonia. Based on a revision of the unique female holotype, ASSING (2011) already suspected that the specimen may be conspecific with A. hamulata, a species described recently based on material from Croatia, Greece, Turkey, and Iraq (ASSING 2009). The original description of A. addenda is based on a male holotype and two male paratypes from " Armenien, Ordubad ", a locality today situated in Azerbaijan; the species is erroneously listed for Armenia in SCHÜLKE & SMETANA (2015). A revision of one of the male paratypes of A. addenda revealed that it is conspecific with A. hamulata. As pointed out earlier (ASSING 2011), the spermatheca of A. hamulata is practically identical to that of the holotype of A. rambouseki. Since the type locality of A. rambouseki is within the known range of A. hamulata and there is no evidence of a close relative of A. hamulata occurring in the Balkans, the holotype of A. rambouseki is hypothesized to represent a nanistic specimen and to be conspecific with the type material of both A. hamulata and A. addenda. Hence the synonymies proposed above., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2017, A revision of types and additional material of Staphylinidae from the Iablokoff-Khnzorian collection (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 333-340 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 49 (1) on page 338, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356983, {"references":["LIKOVSKY Z. (1964): Eine neue europaische Aleochara - Art aus der Verwandtschaft der Aleochara haemoptera KRAATZ (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Reichenbachia 4 (7): 35 - 37.","LIKOVSKY Z. (1981): Ergebnisse der tschechoslovakisch-iranischen entomologischen Expeditionen nach dem Iran. Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Subtribus Aleocharae. - Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 40: 359 - 370.","ASSING V. (2009): On the taxonomy and zoogeography of some Palaearctic Aleochara species of the subgenera Xenochara MULSANT & REY and Rheochara MULSANT & REY (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Beitrage zur Entomologie, Keltern 59 (1): 33 - 101.","ASSING V. (2011): A new species of the Aleochara laevigata group from Spain, with notes on A. rambouseki LIKOVSKY and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Linzer Biologische Beitrage 43 (1): 283 - 290.","ASSING V. (2017): Taxonomic and faunistic notes on some West Palaearctic and Middle Asian Xantholinini, with a revalidation and new synonymies (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae). - Linzer Biologische Beitrage 49 (1): 235 - 252."]}

Aleochara (Coprochara) polychroma IABLOKOFF- KHNZORIAN, 1966 (Figs 9-10) Aleochara polychroma LIKOVSKÝ, 1966: 175 f. T y p e m a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Holotype 3: "Aragaz, 2800, Arkhashen, ASSR 28.8.48 / Holotypus Aleochara polychroma Khnz. " (cKal). C o m m e n t: This species is easily identified based on its large size (body length 6.2 mm) and its nearly uniformly reddish coloration. The median lobe of the aedeagus is illustrated in Figs 9-10., Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2017, A revision of types and additional material of Staphylinidae from the Iablokoff-Khnzorian collection (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 333-340 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 49 (1) on pages 338-339, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356983, {"references":["IABLOKOFF- KHNZORIAN S. M. (1966): Dva novykh vysokogornykh vida zhestkokrylykhstafilinov s Aragatsa. - Doklady Akademii Nauk Armyanskoy SSR 42: 174 - 175."]}

Aleochara (Xenochara) niponensis Sharp, 1888, sp. rev. (Figs 8, 17, 26, 35, 43, 93��� 99, 117���118, 127) Aleochara niponensis Sharp, 1888: 281 [original description; type localities: Japan, Kiga (Hakone-machi, Kanagawa-ken, central Honsh��)]; Fenyes, 1920: 404 (as subgenus Baryodma; catalogue of world species of Aleocharinae); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 783 [as subgenus Aleochara (s. str.); catalogue of world species of Aleocharinae]; Smetana, 2004 b: 354 (as subgenus Baryodma; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae); Shibata et al., 2013: 105 (as subgenus Baryodma; catalogue of Japanese species of Staphylinidae). ��� Aleochara clavigera ���: Park & Ahn, 2009: 521 (as subgenus Aleochara; A. niponensis considered as synonym of A. clavigera, wrong arrangement based on misidentification; redescription as A. clavigera; record from Korea); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 191 (as synonym of A. clavigera; revision of Chinese species of subgenus Aleochara); Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015: 490 (as synonym of A. clavigera; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae). Type material. Lectotype, here designated, female ��� Aleochara nipon / -ensis / Kiga. Type. / Japan / Lewis [PC, HW] // Type [RRL] // Japan. / G. Lewis // Sharp Coll. / 1905 - 313 // Lectotype / Aleochara niponensis / Sharp, 1888 / des. Maruyama / 2011 ��� (dissected in bad condition by PR, spermatheca crushed; abdominal segments IX-X and spermatheca mounted in Euparal by MM) (PL, 1.03 mm; PW, 1.46 mm; HTL, 0.78 mm) (BMNH). Paralectotype, 1 female, ��� Aleochara ni- / ponensis D.S. / Kiga. Japan / Lewis [HW] // Japan. / G. Lewis // Sharp Coll. / 1905 - 313 ��� (body crushed to some body parts; abdominal segments VIII-X and spermatheca mounted in Euparal by MM) (BMNH). Non-type material. JAPAN: [HONSH��]: 1 female, Mt. Jinba-yama, Fujino-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 11��� 18.viii. 2005, T. Watanabe leg., from flight interception trap (cTW); 1 male, Mt. Jinba-yama, Fujino-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 18���27.viii. 2005, T. Watanabe leg., from flight interception trap (cTW); 2 females, 4 unsexed, Mt. Komaga-take, Hakone-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 24.vii��� 1.viii. 2008, T. Watanabe leg., from flight interception trap (cTW); 2 males, Mt. Komaga-take, Hakone-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 24.vii��� 1.viii. 2008, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 male, Yoshida-guchi (Mt. Fuji-san), Fujiyoshida-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 25.vii��� 1.viii. 2012, T. Watanabe leg., alt. 1100m, from flight interception trap (cTW); 1 female, Takizawa-rind�� forestry road, Fujiyoshida-shi, Yamanashiken, 27.vi��� 4.vii. 2012, T. Watanabe leg., alt. 1600m, from flight interception trap (cTW); 1 female, Aokigahara, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Yamanashi-ken, 10���17.viii. 2011, T. Watanabe leg., from fermented banana trap (cTW); 1 male, Aokigahara, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Yamanashi-ken, 17.v��� 7.vi. 2012, T. Watanabe leg., from fermented banana trap (cTW); 1 female, Subashiri (Mt. Fuji-san 1 g��me), Oyama-ch��, Shizuoka-ken, 20���26.v. 2011, T. Watanabe leg., alt. 1400m, from flight interception trap (cTW); 1 female, ��buchi, Fuji-shi, Shizuoka-ken, 6��� 13.v. 2010, T. Watanabe leg., alt. 950m, from flight interception trap (cTW); 3 males, ��buchi, Fuji-shi, Shizuokaken, 6���17.viii. 2010, T. Watanabe leg., alt. 950m, from fermented banana trap (cTW); 1 female, ��buchi, Fuji-shi, Shizuoka-ken, 14���21.ix. 2010, T. Watanabe leg., alt. 950m, from flight interception trap (cTW); 1 female, Nishiusuzuka, Fujinomiya-shi, Shizuoka-ken, 16���22.vii. 2010, T. Watanabe leg., from flight interception trap (cTW); 1 male, Nishiusuzuka, Fujinomiya-shi, Shizuoka-ken, 14���21.ix. 2010, T. Watanabe leg., from flight interception trap (cTW); [KY��SH��]: 1 male, Mt. Shiouji-yama, ��noj��-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 8.v. 2013, K. Kido leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 female, 1 unsexed, Mt. Shiouji-yama, ��noj��-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 23.v. 2013, K. Kido leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 male, Mt. Shiouji-yama, ��noj��-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 12.vii. 2013, K. Kido leg., from flight interception trap (KUM). Diagnosis. Aleochara niponensis sp. rev. resembles A. (Xenochara) asiatica Kraatz, 1859 from East Asia to the Oriental region, but can be easily distinguished from it by abdominal tergite VIII in both sexes, with only slightly (not deeply) emarginate posterior margins; the configuration of sclerites inside median lobe of male aedeagus, and by; the female spermatheca not complicatedly coiled basally. This species is easily discriminated from the Japanese species of the subgenus Aleochara by having completely carinated mesoventrite and by long antennomere XI, clearly longer than antennomeres IX and IX combined. See descriptions and illustrations of A. (X.) asiatica in Park & Ahn (2010). Redescription. Measurements (in mm, n = 20): BL = 4.82 (3.23���6.16); HL = 0.58 (0.43���0.68); HW = 0.66 (0.54���0.77); PL = 0.82 (0.59���0.99); PW = 1.18 (0.89���1.36); EL = 0.73 (0.58���0.90); EW = 1.36 (1.00��� 1.64). Body (Figs 8, 17): spindle-shaped, compact, relatively small to medium in size; dorsal surface weakly to moderately glossy and densely pubescent, with wavy micro-reticulation weakly covered with head, very finely punctured uniformly. Color (Figs 8, 17): usually uniformly brownish brown to blackish brown, but elytra variable in color pattern, reddish brown but infuscate basally and laterally; antennae with antennomeres I���II yellowish brown, antennomere III much darker, antennomeres IV���XI much darker than those of I���II but covered densely with minute whitish setae; mouth parts and legs pale yellowish brown to dark reddish brown; pubescence yellowish brown. Head (Fig. 26): semicircular, as long as width (HW/HL = 1.14, n = 20), widest at posterior part of eyes; setae on vertex sparse, inconspicuous, directed anteriolaterally; punctation very small, inconspicuous, scattered coarsely, and uniformly including middle of vertex. Eyes: medium in length, occupying approximately half length of head, not protruding laterally but incorporated to head capsule. Antennae (Fig. 43): relatively short, slightly shorter than head and pronotum combined; rather slender, setose, with antennomere IV only slightly transverse, antennomeres V to X moderately transverse, slightly broaden apically; antennomere XI elliptical, rather conical, long in whole length, clearly longer than antennomeres IX and X combined, with obtusely rounded apex; approximate relative length of antennomeres from basal to apex: 19 (including base): 10: 10: 5.5: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 19. Pronotum (Fig. 8): convex above dorsally, transverse (PW/PL = 1.44, n = 20), very strongly narrowing anterad, slightly longer than sutural length of elytra, widest basad, basal margin weakly rounded; pubescence dense, directed laterally and posterolaterally; punctation dense and uniform and very small and inconspicuous. Mesoventrite (Fig. 35): inter coxal process rather narrowly elongate, with relatively pointed apex, completely reaching to inter coxal process of metaventrite; fully carinate along midline. Metaventrite (Fig. 35): inter coxal process of metaventrite small, but obtusely pointed apically. Elytra (Fig. 8): together, transverse (EW/EL = 1.85, n = 20), medium in size, same size as pronotum, widest near apex; fine and short pubescence scattered densely, diverging posteriorly on each elytron; dorsal surface weakly rough and gently impressed; posterolateral corners of each elytron weakly sinuate. Legs (Fig. 8): simple, short, rather slender; fore and midtibia, densely covered with thin spines. Abdomen (Fig. 8): rather strongly narrowed posteriorly; first three visible tergites deeply impressed transversely at base; dorsal and ventral surface moderately covered with thin and long setae including abdominal tergite II. Male: tergite VIII (Fig. 45): narrowly elongate, convex posteriorly; posterior margin smooth, not serrate at all, insignificantly broadly emarginate medially; dorsal surface covered with relatively long setae densely, with approximately 8 macrosetae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 95): narrowly elongate, convex posteriorly; posterior margin rounded, with a row of thin and long minute sensory setae densely (see Yamamoto & Maruyama, 2012: 10), without a complex-cluster of very minute setae just behind the row of minute setae; ventral surface covered with long setae densely, with approximately 12 macrosetae. Median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 97���98): [lateral view (Fig. 97)]: narrowly elongate, moderately narrowing apically; apical lobe pointed, gently hook-shaped paramerally at apex; inside median lobe with a projecting short flagellum, as long as 2 / 3 of median lobe; [parameral view (Fig. 98)]: narrowly elongate, rather tear-drop shaped; apical lobe moderately narrowing apically; inside median lobe with a pair of curved and pointed peculiar sclerites, located near apex; a series of complex sclerites, not reaching basal 1 / 3 of median lobe. Female: tergite VIII (Fig. 94): posterior margin as in male; dorsal surface covered with setae densely, with approximately 9 macrosetae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 96): posterior margin broadly, weakly rounded; ventral surface covered with long setae densely, with approximately 7 macrosetae; no complex-cluster of minute setae situated near posterior margin. Spermatheca (Fig. 99): deformed C-shaped, with folded basal part of spermathecal stem; apical invagination of spermatheca very small, inconspicuous; spermathecal head and neck forming large elliptical shape together; attachment of spermathecal duct inconspicuous; basal part of spermathecal stem, deformed basally; each part of spermatheca uniformly and weakly sclerotized; inner wall of spermathecal head and neck coarsely striate, that of basal part only partially striate. Distribution. Japan (Honsh��, Ky��sh��). Bionomics. Flight interception traps (FIT) may be an effective tool for collecting the species. There is no information on the lifestyle of A. niponensis. Host records. No host record is available. Remarks for type material. Park & Ahn (2009) synonymized this species with A. clavigera, based on examination of the type material of both species. However, the present re-examination of the type specimens of A. niponensis revealed that they are quite different species, even belonging to different subgenus. A male specimen was not found in BMNH. This species was described from Kiga, Nagasaki, and Nikko. A type material of A. niponensis was indicated as the ���holotype��� in Park & Ahn (2009). Because four specimens were referred to in the original description, we designate the lectotype here (Figs 117���118). Comments. We consider A. niponensis as a distinct species, as stated above. Furthermore, we transfer A. niponensis to the subgenus Xenochara here, based on the following morphological characteristics: overall body shape (i.e., rather small, convex, spindle-shaped body); relatively slender antennae with quite long antennomere XI, longer than antennomeres IX and X combined; completely carinate mesoventrite; elongate male abdominal tergite and sternite VIII, and; median lobe of the aedeagus with a projecting flagellum inside. The synonymic treatment of A. niponensis was erroneous. Thus, this species is endemic only to Japan. Aleochara niponensis is widespread across mainland Japan (Fig. 127), but is not commonly found., Published as part of Yamamoto, Sh��hei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2016, Revision of the subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst of the parasitoid rove beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4101 (1) on pages 52-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4101.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/269393, {"references":["Sharp, D. S. (1888) The Staphylinidae of Japan. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (2), 277 - 295, 369 - 387, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938809460928","Bernhauer, M. & Scheerpeltz, O. (1926) Staphylinidae VI. (Pars 82). In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 5. Staphylinidae. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 499 - 988.","Smetana, A. (2004 b) Aleocharinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 2. Hydrophiloidea, Histeroidea, Staphylinoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, pp. 353 - 494.","Shibata, Y., Maruyama, M., Hoshina, H., Kishimoto, T., Naomi, S., Nomura, S., Puthz, V., Shimada, T., Watanabe, Y. & Yamamoto, S. (2013) Catalogue of Japanese Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Kyushu University Museum, 11, 69 - 218.","Park, J. S. & Ahn, K. J. (2009) Synonymy of Aleochara (Aleochara) claviger and A. niponensis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), and first record of A. claviger in Korea. Florida Entomologist, 92 (3), 521 - 523. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.092.0321","Luo, T. H. & Zhou, H. Z. (2012) Taxonomic study of the subgenus Aleochara (s. str.) Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) in China, with descriptions of four new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 105 (2), 179 - 200. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / AN 11137","Schulke, M. & Smetana, A. (2015) Staphylinidae. In: Lobl, I & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, revised and updated edition. Volume 2. Hydrophiloidea, Staphylinoidea. Brill, Leiden, pp. 304 - 1134.","Maruyama, M., Matsumoto, T. & Itioka, T. (2011) Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) associated with Aenictus laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Sarawak, Malaysia: Strict host specificity, and first myrmecoid Aleocharini. Zootaxa, 3102, 1 - 26.","Kraatz, G. (1859) Die Staphylinen-Fauna von Ostindien, insbesondere der Insel Ceylan. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 25, 1 - 196. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 66002","Yamamoto, S. & Maruyama, M. (2012) Revision of the seashore-dwelling subgenera Emplenota Casey and Triochara Bernhauer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: genus Aleochara) from Japan. Zootaxa, 3517, 1 - 52."]}

Subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802 (Figs 1 ���7, 10���16, 19���25, 28���34, 37���42, 45��� 92, 107���116, 120, 121��� 126) Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802: 67 (original description); Klimaszewski, 1984: 14 (in key to subgenus of Nearctic subgenera of genus Aleochara), 70 (redescription); Klimaszewski & Jansen, 1994: 94 (redescription); Welch, 1997: 1 (taxonomic note); Klimaszewski et al., 2000: 230 (in key to subgenus of Madagascan subgenera of genus Aleochara), 241 (descriptive mention); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (catalogue of Canadian and Alaskan species of Aleocharinae); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 179 (descriptive mention). Type species: Staphylinus curtulus Goeze, 1777: 730 (= Aleochara fuscipes sensu Gravenhorst, 1802, nec Linnaeus, 1758), by subsequent designation. See Smetana (2004 a: 30). Copiata Gozis, 1886: 12 (type species: Staphylinus curtulus Goeze, 1777 = Aleochara fuscipes sensu Gravenhorst, 1802, nec Linnaeus, 1758). Correa Fauvel, 1878: 592 (type species: Correa oxytelina Fauvel, 1878). Euryodma; Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 780 (in part, nec Reitter, 1909); Klimaszewski, 1984: 70 (sensu stricto). See Klimaszewski (1984) for further references, especially those before Klimaszewski (1984). Diagnosis. The subgenus Aleochara can be distinguished from the other congeneric taxa by the combination of following character states (see also Klimaszewski, 1984): medium to large size adults; dorsal surface of body without conspicuous microsculpture; antennomeres V-X transverse, each at least twice broader than long; maxillary palpomere IV long, at least 2 / 3 in length as palpomere III; pronotum evenly pubescent; each elytron with posterolateral corners usually not sinuate; legs with tibia lack spines on lateral margins; mesosternite without any median carina, usually wide, broadly rounded apically or rather truncate, with apex completely reaching to intercoxal process of metaventrite; posterior margin of male abdominal tergite VIII bearing with short setae densely, rather clustered (at least some species of the subgenus); median lobe of aedeagus of male lacks projecting flagellum; female spermatheca without coils basally. Comments. In Japan, six species have been recorded in the subgenus Aleochara: Aleochara (Aleochara) clavigera Sharp, 1874; A. (A.) coreana Bernhauer, 1926; A. (A.) curtula (Goeze, 1777); A. (A.) kochi Bernhauer, 1941; A. (A.) lata Gravenhorst, 1802, and; A. (A.) parens Sharp, 1874. Recently, Luo & Zhao (2012) revised this subgenus in China and Taiwan, with five inhabitants the same as those in Japan. Their work, however, contained some taxonomic issues. First, three out of 15 species, treated as valid species, are actually synonyms. Second, not all of the species had figures, so it was difficult to identify and delimit each species. Finally, the figures were not necessarily correct or precise; thus, this study is inadequate for a reliable interpretation of the correct extraction of the species characteristics. We therefore redescribe all of the species including the ones already redescribed in Luo & Zhao (2012)., Published as part of Yamamoto, Sh��hei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2016, Revision of the subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst of the parasitoid rove beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4101 (1) on pages 6-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4101.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/269393, {"references":["Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1802) Coleoptera Microptera Brunsvicensia nec non exoticorum quotquot exstant in collectionibus entomologorum Brunsvicensium in genera familias et species distribuit. Carolus Reichard, Brunsuigae [Brunswick], lxvi + 206 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9568","Klimaszewski, J. (1984) A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 129, 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 116129 fv","Klimaszewski, J. & Jansen, R. E. (1994) Systematics, biology and distribution of Aleochara. Part II: subgenus Aleochara (Coleoptera, Staphilinidae [sic!]). Journal of African Zoology, 108 (1), 93 - 117.","Welch, R. C. (1997) The British species of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst (Staphylinidae). The Coleopterist, 6 (1), 1 - 45.","Klimaszewski, J., Uhlig, M. & Maus, C. (2000) Diversity of Aleochara species in Madagascar (Coleoptera Staphylinidae Aleocharinae). Belgian Journal of Entomology, 2 (2), 227 - 256.","Gouix, N. & Klimaszewski, J. (2007) Catalogue of aleocharine rove beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 165 pp.","Luo, T. H. & Zhou, H. Z. (2012) Taxonomic study of the subgenus Aleochara (s. str.) Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) in China, with descriptions of four new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 105 (2), 179 - 200. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / AN 11137","Goeze, J. A. E. (1777) Entomologische Beytrage zu des Ritter Linne zwolften Ausgabe des Natursystems. Erster Theil. Weidmanns Erben & Reich, Leipzig, xvi + 736 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 45974","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], [4] + 824 + [1] pp.","Smetana, A. (2004 a) New nomenclatorial and taxonomic acts, and comments. Staphylinidae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 2. Hydrophiloidea, Histeroidea, Staphylinoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 29 - 35.","Gozis, M. des (1886) Recherche de l'espece typique de quelques anciens genres: Rectifications synonymiques et notes diverses. Herbin, Montlucon, 36 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 69640","Fauvel, A. (1878) Les staphylinides de l'Australie et de la Polynesie. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 13, 465 - 598.","Bernhauer, M. & Scheerpeltz, O. (1926) Staphylinidae VI. (Pars 82). In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 5. Staphylinidae. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 499 - 988.","Reitter, E. (1909) Fauna Germanica. Die Kafer des Deutschen Reiches. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. II Band. Schriften des Deutschen Lehrervereins fur Naturkunde. 24. K. G. Lutz'Verlag, Stuttgart, 392 pp., pls. 41 - 80.","Sharp, D. S. (1874) The Staphylinidae of Japan. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1874, 1 - 103. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1874. tb 00159. x","Bernhauer, M. (1941) Neuheiten der palaearktischen Staphylinidenfauna (Staphylinid.). Entomologische Blatter, 37, 209 - 211."]}

Aleochara (Aleochara) lata Gravenhorst, 1802 (Figs 3, 12, 21, 30, 39, 65��� 71, 123) Aleochara lata Gravenhorst, 1802: 186 (original description; type locality: America septentrionalis); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 777 [as subgenus Aleochara (s. str.); catalogue of world species of Aleocharinae]; Klimaszewski, 1984: 71 (as subgenus Aleochara; in key to North American species of subgenus Aleochara), 78 (redescription); Welch, 1997: 10 (as subgenus Aleochara; list of British species of Aleochara), 16 (in key to British species of genus Aleochara); Ahn et al., 2000: 246 (as subgenus Aleochara; in key to Korean species of genus Aleochara); Cho & Ahn, 2001: 30 (as subgenus Aleochara; catalogue of Korean species of Silphidae and Staphylinidae); Paśnik, 2001: 231 (as subgenus Aleochara; record from North Korea); Smetana, 2004 b: 354 (as subgenus Aleochara; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 21 (as subgenus Aleochara; catalogue of Canadian and Alaskan species of Aleocharinae); Park & Ahn, 2010 a: 317 (as subgenus Aleochara; in key to Far-Eastern species of subgenus Aleochara); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 180 [as Aleochara (s. str.); in key to Chinese species of subgenus Aleochara], 196 (redescription); Shibata et al., 2013: 105 (as subgenus Aleochara; catalogue of Japanese species of Staphylinidae); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (without subgeneric assignment; redescription; book of Canadian Staphylinidae); Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as subgenus Aleochara; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae). Aleochara lata chinensis Bernhauer, 1933: 48 (original description; type locality: China); Smetana, 2004 b: 354 (as synonym of A. lata); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 196 (as synonym of A. lata). Aleochara chinensis Bernhauer; Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. lata); Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. lata). See Klimaszewski (1984) for further references, especially those before Klimaszewski (1984). Non-type material. JAPAN: [HOKKAID��]: 1 unsexed, Ponyu, Rubeshibe-ch��, Kitami-shi, 9.viii. 1918, M. Suzuki leg. (ELKU); 1 unsexed, Kawayu-onsen, Teshikaga-ch��, 26.vi. 2000, A. & R. Abe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Akkeshi-ch��, 4.viii. 1962, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, right bank of Nukabira-ko Lake (meeting point of Gono-sawa Stream), Kamishihoro-ch��, 9.v. 2005, K. Haga leg., from canned saury (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kottaroshitsugen Moor (in Kushiro-shitsugen Moor), Kushiro-shi, 9.vi. 1992, M. ��hara leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kushiroshi Zoo (in Yamahana-k��en Park), Kushiro-shi, 9.vi. 1992, M. ��hara leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 16.v. 1987, M. ��hara leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 9.viii. 1987, M. ��hara leg. (KUM); 5 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 3.ix. 1987, M. ��hara leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 12.ix. 1991, M. ��hara leg. (OCM); 3 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 1.v. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 1 male, 7 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 9.v. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 2 females, 15 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 15.v. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 2 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 21.v. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 28.v. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 1 female, 2 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 4.vi. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 2 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 18.vi. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 1 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 11.vii. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 1 male, 5 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 14.viii. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 4 unsexed, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 21.viii. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 1 unsexed, Miyatsu, Okushiri-ch�� (Okushiri-t�� Is.), 3.ix. 1986, Y. Kusui leg. (cTI); [HONSH��]: 1 unsexed, trailhead of Mt. Mitsuiwadake (right side of Kurohinoki-zawa Stream), Minamiaizu-machi, Fukushima-ken, 13���14.vii. 1996, K. Haga leg., from acetic acid trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Miike, Hinoemata-mura, Fukushima-ken, 15.vi. 1986, A. Yamato leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Hinoemata-mura, Fukushima-ken, 15.vi. 1986, A. Yamato leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mokkodaira, Nikk��-shi, Tochigi-ken, 29.iv. 1985, M. Yamamoto leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, near Marunuma, Katashina-mura, Gunma-ken, 1���5.vii. 1962, S. Tachikawa leg. (KUM); 1 male, 3 unsexed, near Nidoage-t��ge Pass, Gunma-ken, 21.viii. 1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Mt. Arima-yama, Hann��-shi, Saitama-ken, 8.v. 2004, K. Arai leg., alt. 1200m (KUM); 1 unsexed, ��yama-sawa, Nakatsugawa-keikoku, Chichibu-shi, Saitama-ken, 30.v. 1999, K. Toyoda leg., alt. 144m (KUM); 1 male, Mt. Takao-san, Hachi��ji-shi, T��ky��-to, 11.v. 1957, Y. Kurosawa leg., NSMT-I-C 0 5610 (NSMT); 1 male, 1 unsexed, near Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 7.iv. 1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, near Kurokura-gawa River, Kanagawa-ken, 21.ix. 1993, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Sakata, Miimachi, Wajima-shi, Ishikawa-ken, 16���17.vii. 1998, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 3 unsexed, Masutomi-onsen, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 9���10.vii. 1998, M. Maruyama leg., alt. 1200m, from carrion trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Maruno-machi, Nirasaki-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 24.v. 1991, K. Hosoda leg. (cTI); 1 male, 1 female, Takizawa-rind�� forestry road, Fujiyoshida-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 27.vi��� 4.vii. 2012, T. Watanabe leg., alt. 1800m, from baited trap (fish meal) (cTW); 1 unsexed, Mt. Iwasuge-yama, Yamanouchi-machi, Nagano-ken, 17.vi. 1961, Y. Ikutani leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Ch��na-dani, Shirakawa-mura, Gifu-ken, 25���26.v. 1999, J. Ogawa leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Nishihotaka-guchi, Takayama-shi, Gifu-ken, 11.vi. 1980, no collector���s name (KUM); 2 unsexed, Mts. Amagi-san, Shizuoka-ken, 16.vii. 1955, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kibune, Saky��-ku, Ky��to-shi, Ky��to-fu, 29.iv. 1959, T. Shibata leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hy��go-ken, 14.v. 1979, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Mt. Amaishi-yama, Sasayama-shi, Hy��go-ken, 14.v. 1980, Y. Hayashi leg. (cYH); 1 unsexed, Sant��-ch��, Asago-shi, Hy��go-ken, 5.viii. 2007, Y. Kawakami leg., from baited trap (KUM); 2 unsexed, dormitory of Kobe University, Akatsukayama, Higashinada-ku, K��be-shi, Hy��go-ken, 20.x. 1971, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Akazai-keikoku, Shisou-shi, Hy��go-ken, 12.v. 1979, Y. Hayashi (cYH); 1 unsexed, Shinrin-k��en Park [Katsurami, Tottori-shi], Tottori-ken, 18.vi. 1978, M. Kaneda leg. (KUM); [SHIKOKU]: 1 unsexed, Mt. K��tsu-san, Yoshinogawa-shi, Tokushima-ken, 5.vi. 1999, K. Aita leg. (EUM); 10 unsexed, Mt. Tsurugi-san, Minokoshi, Higashiiya, Miyoshi-shi, Tokushima-ken, 5.vi��� 3.vii. 2006, M. Yoshida leg., alt. 1350m, from fowl trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Daisen-zan, Kotonami-ch��, Kagawa-ken, 18.v. 2003, H. Fujimoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Wakimizu, Kamibayshi, T��on-shi, Ehime-ken, 10.vii. 2006, Y. Sat�� leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Tepp��ishi-gawa River (Omogo-kei), Kumak��gen-ch��, Ehime-ken, 20.vi. 1992, M. Sakai leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Odamiyama, Uchiko-ch��, 14.v. 1994, L. Li leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Nagano, Yusuhara-ch��, K��chi-ken, 15���16.vii. 1994, M. Kawanabe & T. Oyokawa leg., by baited trap (EUM); [KY��SH��]: 1 male, Mt. Tatera-san, Tsushima-shi (Tsu-shima Is.), Nagasaki-ken, 6.v. 2009, S. Yamamoto leg. (KUM); 2 males, 2 females, 27 unsexed, Mt. Shiratori-yama, Momiki, Yatsushiro-shi, Kumamoto-ken, 1���3.v. 2010, S. Yamamoto leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kuj��-san Volcanic Group, ��ita-ken, 16.v. 1961, Y. Miyake leg. (cYH). Old material. JAPAN: 1 unsexed, ��� JAPAN / Kobe / Shimabara [HW] / 15. XI. ��� 14 [HW] / J. E. A. LEWIS // Aleochara [HW] / nigra [HW] / Kr. [HW] // a. nigra [HW] / Kr. [HW] // J. E. A. Lewis / Collection from / Kyoto Univ., 1977 ��� (NSMT). Other material. TAIWAN: 1 female, Roshan, 31.iii. 1971, H. Nomura leg. (cYH). This is new record from Taiwan (Smetana, 2004 b; Luo & Zhao, 2012; Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015). Reference material. USA: MI: 1 male, Ann Arbor, Washtenaw Co., 5.v. 1934, F. Furry leg. (A. lata: det. J. Klimaszewski) (male genitalia also examined by SY) (FMNH); IL: 8 unsexed, near Maple Lake, Willow Springs, Cook Co., 10.iv. 1954, L. Woods leg., from carcass of deer after one week (A. lata: det. J. Klimaszewski) (FMNH). Diagnosis. Aleochara lata is a distinct species among the Japanese congeners and can be easily distinguished from all of them as follows: body large-sized, blackish in coloration including base of antennae; dorsal surface glossy, rather deeply punctured; inter coxal process of metaventrite large, broadly and weakly rounded apically; elytra without blackish maculations laterally; abdominal tergite and sternite VIII strongly transverse, with numerous macrosetae; median lobe of male aedeagus narrowly elongate, complex sclerites restricted to apical 1 / 3 of median lobe, and by; female spermatheca with reticulate basal portion of spermathecal stem. Found in mountainous area of mainland, or adjacent large islands, in Japan. Redescription. Measurements (in mm, n = 20): BL = 7.40 (6.29���8.51); HL = 1.04 (0.89���1.23); HW = 1.15 (0.96���1.31); PL = 1.43 (1.22���1.67); PW = 2.03 (1.71���2.37); EL = 1.19 (1.00��� 1.43); EW = 2.40 (1.95���2.75). Body (Figs 3, 12): fusiform, robust, large to very large in size; dorsal surface rather strongly glossy, pubescent, without any types of micro-reticulation, rather strongly punctured. Color (Figs 3, 12): uniformly complete black, including elytra uniformly; antennae with antennomeres I���IV black, antennomeres V���XI slightly lighter than those of I���III due to dense covering of minute whitish setae; mouth parts and legs dark reddish brown to brownish brown; pubescence yellowish brown. Head (Fig. 21): semicircular, as long as width (HW/HL = 1.11, n = 20), widest at posterior part of eyes; setae on vertex rather dense but inconspicuous, directed anteriomedially; punctation large in size, scattered rather densely; vertex with longitudinal lack of setae at middle, but narrowly small in size. Eyes: medium in length, occupying approximately half length of head, slightly protruding laterally. Antennae (Fig. 39): short, moderately shorter than head and pronotum combined; thick, setose, with antennomere IV moderately transverse, but antennomeres V to X strongly transverse in approximately same width each (very slightly but widest around antennomeres VI to VIII); antennomere XI symmetrical, widely rounded at apex; approximate relative length of antennomeres from basal to apex: 18 (including base): 9: 10.5: 4.5: 5: 5: 5: 5: 5: 5: 19. Pronotum (Fig. 3): oval, rather strongly transverse (PW/PL = 1.42, n = 20), strongly narrowing anterad, moderately longer than sutural length of elytra, widest just below of basal half, basal margin weakly rounded; pubescence dense, directed laterally and posterolaterally; punctation medium and somewhat conspicuous, covered densely and uniformly. Mesoventrite (Fig. 30): inter coxal process rather broadly elongate, with widely rounded apex, completely reaching to inter coxal process of metaventrite. Metaventrite (Fig. 30): inter coxal process of metaventrite large, broadly and weakly rounded apically. Elytra (Fig. 3): together, transverse (EW/EL = 2.02, n = 20), rather small, slightly smaller than pronotum, widest at middle; fine pubescence scattered densely, diverging posteriorly in each elytron; dorsal surface rough and impressed rather strongly and deeply; posterolateral corners of each elytron not sinuate. Legs (Fig. 3): simple, short, moderately slender; fore and midtibia, densely covered with undeveloped spines, respectively. Abdomen (Fig. 3): first three visible tergites deeply impressed transversely at base; dorsal and ventral surface moderately covered with thin and long setae. Male: tergite VIII (Fig. 65): broadly transverse, posterior margin smooth, not serrate at all, insignificantly broadly emarginate medially; dorsal surface very weakly rough, covered densely with setae, with approximately 16 macrosetae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 67): broadly transverse, posterior margin very broadly rounded, with a dense row of minute sensory setae (see Yamamoto & Maruyama, 2012: 10), and with a small complex-cluster of very minute setae just behind the row of minute setae; ventral surface densely covered with setae, with over 20 macrosetae. Median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 69���70): [lateral view (Fig. 69)]: robust, narrowly elongate, subparallel sided, but rather strongly narrowing apically at apical 1 / 4 of median lobe; apical lobe pointed, not hook- shaped at apex; [parameral view (Fig. 70)]: narrowly elongate, with basal part elliptically shaped; apical lobe abruptly narrowing near apex, forming short isosceles triangle; a series of complex sclerites, restricted to apical 1 / 3 of median lobe. Female: tergite VIII (Fig. 66): broadly transverse, posterior margin as in male; dorsal surface covered with setae densely, with approximately 14 macrosetae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 68): posterior margin, shallowly broadly emarginate medially; ventral surface densely covered with setae, with approximately 15 macrosetae; no complexcluster of minute setae situated near posterior margin. Spermatheca (Fig. 71): weakly curved, deformed C-shaped; apical invagination of spermatheca moderately deep; spermathecal head and neck weakly elliptically shaped together; attachment of spermathecal duct conspicuous; basal part of spermathecal stem widely curved, swollen in apical half, moderately longer than spermathecal head and neck combined; chitinized portion of spermathecal stem not strongly developed; each part of spermatheca uniformly and weakly sclerotized; inner wall of spermathecal head and neck densely striate, that of basal part reticulate coarsely. Distribution. Japan (Hokkaid��, Honsh��, Shikoku, Ky��sh��; Okushiri-t�� Is., Tsu-shima Is.); Russia (Far East, eastern Siberia), Korea, China, Taiwan (new record), Palearctic, Nearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical, and Neotropical regions. Host records. Two dipteran families are known as its host (Maus et al., 1998): Muscidae, Calliphoridae. Comments. Aleochara lata is a rather rare species of Aleochara found in mountainous regions of Japan. This Holarctic species has a conspicuously large body. No specimen was found outside mainland Japan except for Okushiri-t�� and Tsu-shima Islands (Fig. 123)., Published as part of Yamamoto, Sh��hei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2016, Revision of the subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst of the parasitoid rove beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4101 (1) on pages 31-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4101.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/269393, {"references":["Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1802) Coleoptera Microptera Brunsvicensia nec non exoticorum quotquot exstant in collectionibus entomologorum Brunsvicensium in genera familias et species distribuit. Carolus Reichard, Brunsuigae [Brunswick], lxvi + 206 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9568","Bernhauer, M. & Scheerpeltz, O. (1926) Staphylinidae VI. (Pars 82). In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 5. Staphylinidae. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 499 - 988.","Klimaszewski, J. (1984) A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 129, 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 116129 fv","Welch, R. C. (1997) The British species of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst (Staphylinidae). The Coleopterist, 6 (1), 1 - 45.","Ahn, K. J., Jeon, M. J. & Kim, H. J. (2000) New records of intertidal Aleochara Gravenhorst species and key to the species in Korea (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Korean Journal of Entomology, 30 (4), 243 - 247.","Cho, Y. B. & Ahn, K. J. (2001) Coleoptera (Silphidae, Staphylinidae). Economic insects of Korea, 11, Insecta Koreana Supplement 18, 1 - 169. [in Korean, with English title and summary).","Pasnik, G. (2001) The North Korean Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) diversity and biogeography. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 44, 185 - 234.","Smetana, A. (2004 b) Aleocharinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 2. Hydrophiloidea, Histeroidea, Staphylinoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, pp. 353 - 494.","Gouix, N. & Klimaszewski, J. (2007) Catalogue of aleocharine rove beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 165 pp.","Park, J. S. & Ahn, K. J. (2010 a) Redescription of Aleochara (Aleochara) kochi Bernhauer with a lectotype designation and key to species of the subgenus Aleochara (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from the Far East. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 83 (4), 313 - 317. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2317 / JKES 1001.13.1","Luo, T. H. & Zhou, H. Z. (2012) Taxonomic study of the subgenus Aleochara (s. str.) Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) in China, with descriptions of four new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 105 (2), 179 - 200. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / AN 11137","Shibata, Y., Maruyama, M., Hoshina, H., Kishimoto, T., Naomi, S., Nomura, S., Puthz, V., Shimada, T., Watanabe, Y. & Yamamoto, S. (2013) Catalogue of Japanese Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Kyushu University Museum, 11, 69 - 218.","Klimaszewski, J., Brunke, A., Assing, V., Langor, D. W., Newton, A. F., Bourdon, C., Pelletier, G., Webster, R. P., Herman, L., Perdereau, L., Davies, A., Smetana, D., Chandler, D. S., Majka, C. & Scudder, G. G. E. (2013) Synopsis of adventive species of Coleoptera (Insecta) recorded from Canada. Part 2:. Staphylinidae. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia and Moscow, 360 pp.","Schulke, M. & Smetana, A. (2015) Staphylinidae. In: Lobl, I & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, revised and updated edition. Volume 2. Hydrophiloidea, Staphylinoidea. Brill, Leiden, pp. 304 - 1134.","Bernhauer, M. (1933) Neuheiten der chinensischen Staphylinidenfauna. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 50, 25 - 48.","Yamamoto, S. & Maruyama, M. (2012) Revision of the seashore-dwelling subgenera Emplenota Casey and Triochara Bernhauer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: genus Aleochara) from Japan. Zootaxa, 3517, 1 - 52.","Maus, C. H., Mittmann, B. & Peschke, K. (1998) Host records of parasitoid Aleochara Gravenhorst species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) attacking puparia of cyclorrhapheous Diptera. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 45 (2), 231 - 254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19980450209"]}

Key to Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) 1. Body large, thick, uniformly black; antennomeres I���III also black in coloration.................. A. (A.) lata Gravenhorst -. Body small to relatively large, rather thick, not uniformly black, at most dark brown; antennomeres I���III reddish brown to brownish black....................................................................................... 2 2. Elytra uniformly yellowish to reddish brown, without any types of darkened maculations laterally and basally............................................................................................ A. (A.) coreana Bernhauer -. Elytra uniformly yellowish to reddish brown, with darkened maculations laterally; OR elytra uniformly brownish brown (some with weak maculations laterally)......................................................................... 3 3. Elytra with prominent, blackish, and parallel sided maculations on lateral margins, reaching to each shoulder................................................................................................ A. (A.) curtula (Goeze) -. Elytra with lateral maculations (if present), not reaching to each shoulder; OR without any maculations................. 4 4. Head rather coarsely and deeply punctured unevenly, especially near vertex; median lobe of male aedeagus narrowly elongate; female spermatheca with apical portion complicatedly coiled.................................. A. (A.) postica Walker -. Head rather densely and shallowly punctured evenly, especially near vertex; median lobe of aedeagus bulbous; spermatheca simple, C-shaped, apical portion not coiled.................................................................. 5 5. Apical lobe of median lobe of aedeagus, not hook-shaped at apex in lateral view; spermatheca with chitinized portion of spermathecal stem moderately long, almost same length of spermathecal head and neck combined.......... A. (A.) parens Sharp -. Apical lobe of median lobe of aedeagus, moderately hook-shaped at apex in lateral view; spermatheca with chitinized portion of spermathecal stem long, almost 1.5 times as long as spermathecal head and neck combined; endemic to Ishigaki-jima Is. and Iriomote-jima Is., Yaeyama-shot�� Islands, southwestern part of Japan........................ A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp., Published as part of Yamamoto, Sh��hei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2016, Revision of the subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst of the parasitoid rove beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4101 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4101.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/269393

Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula (Goeze, 1777) (Figs 2, 11, 20, 29, 38, 52��� 64, 110, 122) Staphylinus curtulus Goeze, 1777: 730 (original description; type locality: unspecified in original description). Aleochara curtula (Goeze, 1777); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 776 [as subgenus Aleochara (s. str.); catalogue of world species of Aleocharinae]; Klimaszewski, 1984: 71 (as subgenus Aleochara; in key to North American species of subgenus Aleochara), 76 (redescription); Welch, 1997: 10 (as subgenus Aleochara; list of British species of Aleochara), 16 (in key to British species of genus Aleochara); Ahn et al., 2000: 246 (as subgenus Aleochara; in key to Korean species of genus Aleochara); Cho & Ahn, 2001: 30 (as subgenus Aleochara; catalogue of Korean species of Silphidae and Staphylinidae); Paśnik, 2001: 230 (as subgenus Aleochara; record from North Korea); Smetana, 2004 b: 353 (as subgenus Aleochara; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (as subgenus Aleochara; catalogue of Canadian and Alaskan species of Aleocharinae); Park & Ahn, 2010 a: 317 (as subgenus Aleochara; in key to Far-Eastern species of subgenus Aleochara); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 180 [as Aleochara (s. str.); in key to Chinese species of subgenus Aleochara], 193 (redescription); Shibata et al., 2013: 105 (as subgenus Aleochara; catalogue of Korean species of Staphylinidae); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (without subgeneric assignment; redescription; book of Canadian Staphylinidae); Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as subgenus Aleochara; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae). Staphylinus brachypterus Geoffroy, 1785: 167 (original description; type locality: probably in France: Klimaszewski, 1984); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 776 (as synonym of A. curtula); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula); Smetana, 2004 b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (as synonym of A. curtula); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 193 (as synonym of A. curtula); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. curtula); Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula). Staphylinus limbatus Fabricius, 1801: 600 (original description; type locality: Germany); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 777 (as synonym of A. curtula); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula); Smetana, 2004 b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (as synonym of A. curtula); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula); Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula). Staphylinus fuscipes Gravenhorst, 1802: 92, nec Linnaeus, 1758: 685 (original description; type locality: unspecified); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 776 (as synonym of A. curtula); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula); Smetana, 2004 b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (as synonym of A. curtula); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. curtula); Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula). Aleochara brevis Heer, 1839: 315 (original description; type locality: Switzerland, Aigle); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 776 (as synonym of A. curtula); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula); Smetana, 2004 b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (as synonym of A. curtula); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. curtula); Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula); Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula). Aleochara puncticeps Thomson, 1860: 248 (original description; type locality: Sweden, Gotheborg); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 777 (as synonym of A. curtula); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula); Smetana, 2004 b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 20 (as synonym of A. curtula); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. curtula); Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula). Aleochara discoidea Sharp, 1874: 7 (original description; type locality: Japan, unspecified); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 776 (as a synonym of A. curtula; catalogue of world species of Aleocharinae); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula; revision of Nearctic species of genus Aleochara); Smetana, 2004 b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula; catalogue of Palearctic species of Aleocharinae); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 21 (as synonym of A. curtula; catalogue of Canadian and Alaskan species of Aleocharinae); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula; revision of Chinese species of subgenus Aleochara); Shibata et al., 2013: 105 (as synonym of A. curtula; catalogue of Japanese species of Staphylinidae); Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. curtula); Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula). Synonymy confirmed. Aleochara discordia Duvivier, 1883: 99 (type locality: Japan, unspecified; erroneous typing for A. discoidea Sharp, 1874); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 776 (as synonym of A. curtula); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 21 (as synonym of A. curtula); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula). Aleochara curtula bugnioni Fauvel, 1901: 90 (original description; type locality: Colombia, Sierra Nevada); Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926: 777 (as synonym of A. curtula); Klimaszewski, 1984: 77 (as synonym of A. curtula); Smetana, 2004 b: 353 (as synonym of A. curtula); Gouix & Klimaszewski, 2007: 21 (as synonym of A. curtula); Luo & Zhao, 2012: 194 (as synonym of A. curtula). Aleochara bugnioni Fauvel, 1901; Klimaszewski et al., 2013: 57 (as synonym of A. curtula); Sch��lke & Smetana, 2015: 491 (as synonym of A. curtula). See Klimaszewski (1984) for further references, especially those before Klimaszewski (1984). Type material. A.discoidea: lectotype, here designated, female ��� Type [RRL] // Japan / G. Lewis // Sharp Coll. / 1905 - 313 // Aleochara / discoidea / Type D.S. [HW] // Lectotype / Aleochara discoidea / Sharp, 1874 / des. Maruyama, 2011 ��� (abdominal segments VIII-X and spermatheca dissected and mounted in Euparal by MM) (BMNH); paralectotype, female, ��� Japan / G. Lewis // Sharp Coll. / 1905 - 313 // Aleochara / discoidea / Type D.S. [HW] // Lectotype / Aleochara discoidea / Sharp, 1874 / des. Maruyama, 2011 ��� (BMNH). A. curtula: Not examined. Non-type material. JAPAN: [HOKKAID��]: 1 unsexed, Sefushiusu forestry road (right side of Onnebetsugawa River), Nemuro-shi, 28.vii. 2013, K. Haga leg., from a carcass of mouse in Japanese spruce natural forest (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Teshio-dake, Takinoue-ch��, 16.vii. 1992, T. Watanabe leg., alt. 700m (cTW); 3 unsexed, Kashiwagaoka-k��en Park, Bihoro-ch��, 23.vi. 2000, Y. Yamada leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nakasato, Oketo-ch��, 3.vii. 1992, T. Kato leg., from sap of Japanese elm (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mts. Daisetsu-zan Volcanic Group, Kamikawa-ch��, 21.viii. 1982, N. Yasuda leg. (Daisetsu virgin forest, st. 3) (KUM); 2 unsexed, Mts. Daisetsu-zan Volcanic Group (Mt. Midori-dake), Kamikawa-ch��, 15.viii. 2001, M. Maruyama leg., alt. 1300���1400m (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mash��-ko Lake, Teshikaga-ch��, 5.vii. 1958, M. Miyake leg. (EUM); 3 unsexed, Kussharo-ko Lake, Teshikaga-ch��, 5.vii. 1958, M. Miyake leg. (EUM); 1 unsexed, Rikubetsu, Rikubetsu-ch��, 30.viii.��� 3.ix. 2001, H. Yoshitomi leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Meakan-onsen, Ashoro-ch��, 6.vii. 1958, M. Miyake leg. (EUM); 3 unsexed, Mt. Kitoushi-yama (near upstream of Horokapiribetsu Dam), Ashoro-ch��, 4.vi. 1989, K. Haga leg., from sap of birch stump (KUM); 1 male, 4 unsexed, Mt. Reisenn-zan (Horokapiribetsu Dam), Ashoro-ch��, 3.vi. 1989, K. Haga leg., from sap of birch stump (KUM); 18 unsexed, Ashoro Research Forest of Kyushu University, Ashoro-ch��, 1- 6.ix. 2008, S. Yamamoto leg., from baited trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Nukabira-ko Lake, Kamishihoro-ch��, 13.vii. 2014, S. Yamamoto leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Mitsumata (Oketokoshi-rind�� forestry road, near Mt. Kamigoya-yama), Kamishihoro-ch��, 27.vi. 2008, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 2 females, Nukabira-ko Lake (Go-no-sawa Stream, right side), Kamishihoro-ch��, 28.vi. 2008, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Osarushi, Otofuke-ch��, 20��� 26.vi. 2009, T. Watanabe leg., from fight interception trap (cTW); 1 male, 1 unsexed, Kottaro-shitsugen Moor (in Kushiro-shitsugen Moor), Shibecha-ch��, 8.iv. 1992, M. ��hara leg. (KUM); 1 male, near Kimont��, Taiki-ch��, 2.ix. 1990, K. Haga leg., from gutter (KUM); 5 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 14.vi. 1986, M. ��hara leg. (KUM); 4 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 16.v. 1987, M. ��hara leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 12.vi. 1987, M. ��hara leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 29.viii. 1987, M. ��hara leg. (KUM); 1 male, 8 unsexed, Nopporo, Ebetsu-shi, 3.xi. 1987, M. ��hara leg. (KUM); 1 male, Bankei, Sapporo-shi, 24.vi. 1977, N. Nishikawa leg. (KUM); 1 male, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 15.v. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 1 male, Nagahashinaebo, Otaru-shi, 21.v. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 1 male, Nagahashinaebo, Otarushi, 1.x. 1992, M. ��hara leg., from baited trap (OCM); 1 unsexed, near Goshiki-onsen, Rankoshi-ch��, 20.vii.��� 1.viii. 1999, K. Sasaki leg., alt. 850m (KUM); [HONSH��]: 1 unsexed, Katagariishi-zawa, Nakadomari-machi, Aomori-ken, 11.v. 2007, A. Abe leg., from a carcass of bird (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kayanochaya, Jogakura, Aomorishi, Aomori-ken, 18.vi. 1985, A. Abe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Jogakura, Aomori-shi, Aomori-ken, 14.ix. 1986, A. Abe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Tochinaisawa, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori-ken, 10.vi. 2008, A. Abe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Iwaki-san, Aomori-ken, 27���28.vii. 2004, M. Nishikawa leg., from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 female, Rangan, Ajigasawa-machi, Aomori-ken, 12.vi. 1998, A. Abe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Oirase, Fukaura-machi, Aomori-ken, 17.v. 1981, A. Abe leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Ky��wa-ch��, Akita-ken, 25.v. 1994, K. Toyoda leg., from outdoor lamp (KUM); 1 unsexed, Minami-sawa Stream and Miya-gawa River, Hanawa-machi, Fukushima-ken, 23.v. 1998, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 3 unsexed, Mt. Mitsuiwa-dake, Minamiaizu-machi, Fukushima-ken, 24.viii. 2002, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 3 unsexed, Takigawa trail (Mt. Komaga-take), Hinoemata-mura, Fukushima-ken, 11��� 12.viii. 2007, K. Haga leg., from a carcass of snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus (Boie) (KUM); 13 unsexed, Miike, Hinoemata-mura, Fukushima-ken, 15.vi. 1986, A. Yamato leg. (KUM); 2 females, Nanairi, Hinoemata-mura, Fukushima-ken, 6.ix. 1992, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Hanazono-san, Kitaibaraki-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 19.vii. 1980, S. ��momo leg. (KUM); 1 female, near Shiobara Station, Kamimiyori, Nikk��-shi, Tochigi-ken, 2.viii. 2003, K. Haga leg., from dung of dog (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kinomi-daira, Nikk��-shi, Tochigi-ken, 5.v. 2003, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Yudaki-nishi, Nikk��-shi, Tochigi-ken, 21.viii. 1991, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Yumoto, Nikk��-shi, Tochigi-ken, 29.vi. 1982, S. Naomi leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Senj��gahara, Nikk��-shi, Tochigi-ken, 21.vii. 1977, Niizato leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Ch��zenji, Nikk��-shi, Tochigi-ken, 8.vii. 1994, S. Naomi leg. (KUM); 1 male, 7 unsexed, Tobiyama-j�� Catsle, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi-ken, 17���18.vi. 1998, M. Maruyama leg., from carrion trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Marunuma-onsen, Katashina-mura, Gunma-ken, 11.vii. 1982, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Tanbara-k��gen Heights, Numata-shi, Gunma-ken, 18.ix. 2003, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 8 unsexed, Konroku-t��ge Pass, Minakami-machi, Gunma-ken, 10.viii. 2004, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 2 unsexed, Shimokanbai, Midori-shi, Gunma-ken, 13.iv. 2003, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Shogetsu-ko Lake, Naganohara-machi, Gunma-ken, 20.vi. 1955, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, near Nidoage-t��ge Pass, Gunmaken, 21.viii. 1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 female, Mt. Kusatsushirane-san, Tsumagoi-mura, Gunma-ken, 30.vi. 2007, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 female, Yunokuchi, Kasugawa-machi, Maebashi-shi, Gunma-ken, 17.iv. 2005, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 female, H��roku-t��ge Pass, Fujioka-shi, Gunma-ken, 19.vi. 2005, T. Horiguchi leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Mt. Akaguna-yama, Gunma-ken, 6.ix. 1992, Y. Nagashima leg. (KUM); 1 male, 2 unsexed, Kirizumi-onsen, Annaka-shi, Gunma-ken, 12.v. 1956, S. Kud�� leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Kirizumi-onsen, Annaka-shi, Gunma-ken, 20.vi. 1957, S. Kud�� leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shigasaka-t��ge Pass, Kanna-machi, Gunma-ken, 17.vi. 2008, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Yamatomizu (Mt. Kamabushi-yama), Yorii-machi, Saitama-ken, 21.iii. 1998, K. Toyoda leg., from human feces (KUM); 5 unsexed, Shiroishi-t��ge Pass, Higashichichibu-mura, Saitama-ken, 25.vii. 1998, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 1 male, 5 unsexed, J��mine-jinja Shrine (Mt. J��mine-san), Chichibu-shi, Saitama-ken, 22.iv. 1999, K. Toyoda leg., alt. 1000m (KUM); 1 unsexed, Hirogawara-sawa, near Mt. Nanten-san, Chichibu-shi, Saitama-ken, 23.ix. 1999, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 1 female, 4 unsexed, Irikawa-keikoku, Chichibu-shi, Saitama-ken, 29.v. 1997, M. Maruyama leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Imakuma-san, Hachi��ji-shi, T��ky��-to, 25.ix. 1960, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, near Tsurukawa, Machidashi, T��ky��-to, 30.ix. 1980, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 8 unsexed, Hondani Stream, Nippara, Okutama-machi, T��ky��to, 5.v. 2005, M. Takeda leg. (cHK); 1 unsexed, Ogawadani, Nippara, Okutama-machi, T��ky��-to, 3.v. 2006, H. Kamezawa leg., alt. 900m (cHK); 1 unsexed, Nippara, Okutama-machi, T��ky��-to, 11.viii. 1977, M. Tomokuni leg. (NSMT); 1 male, 3 unsexed, Mt. Mit��-san, Okutama-machi, T��ky��-to, 2.x. 1993, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Ogawadani, Mt. Kintai-san, Okutama-machi, T��ky��-to, 31.viii. 2002, H. Kamezawa leg., alt. 850m (KUM); 1 male, 1 unsexed, Mt. Mitake-san, Okutama-machi, T��ky��-to, 30.iv. 1961, M. Yasukawa leg. (cYS); 1 unsexed, Mt. Mitake-san ~ ��nara-toge Pass, Okutama-machi, T��ky��-to, 29.iv. 1983, K. Haga leg., from trash (KUM); 1 female, Motoshuku, Hinohara-mura, T��ky��-to, 12.iv. 2008, H. Kamezawa leg. (cHK); 3 males, 13 unsexed, Tsubota, Miyake-mura (Miyake-jima Is.), T��ky��-to, 17.v. 1999, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Miho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 1.iv. 2014, H. Ooki leg. (cHO); 1 unsexed, Miho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 11.x. 2014, H. Ooki leg. (cHO); 1 unsexed, Mt. Jinba-san, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 17���23.vii. 2004, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Mt. Jinba-san, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawaken, 18���27.viii. 2005, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Wada-t��ge Pass, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 9��� 17.vii. 2004, T. Watanabe leg., from fermented banana trap (cTW); 1 male, 4 unsexed, Futamata, Hadano-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 30.iv. 1996, T. Watanabe leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, ��kura, Hadano-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 17��� 21.vii. 2005, T. Watanabe leg., from fermented banana trap (cTW); 1 male, Mt. Kany��d��-yama, Yamakita-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 24.vi��� 1.vii. 2001, Y. Shu leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Shiroishi-sawa, Yamakita-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 11.v. 1996, K. Toyoda leg. (KUM); 6 unsexed, Y��ki-zawa, Yamakita-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 22.viii. Y. Shibata leg. (cYS); 1 unsexed, Nakatsu, Aikawa-machi, Kanagawa-ken, 7.vi. 1959, R. Kiry�� leg. (SCM); 2 unsexed, Mt. Kinpoku-san, Sado-shi (Sadoga-shima Is.), Niigata-ken, 27.vii. 1977, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 1 male, 1 unsexed, Mt. Iide-san, Aga-machi, Niigata-ken, 11.viii. 1984, N. It�� leg. (cYH); 1 female, Yagi-sawa ~ Diichi-karesawa Stream, Kiyotsu-ky��, Yuzawa-machi, Niigata-ken, 20.v. 1995, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 4 unsexed, Yagisawa, Kiyotsuky��, Yuzawa-machi, Niigata-ken, 28.viii. 1994, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Yomogisawa, Yuzawa-machi, Niigata-ken, 24.vii. 1994, K. Haga leg., alt. 700���1200m (KUM); 1 male, Futai-keikoku, Yuzawa-machi, Niigataken, 18.vi. 1995, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 2 males, 1 unsexed, north entrance of Mikuni Tunnel ~ Asakai, Yuzawamachi, Niigata-ken, 28.v. 1995, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 male, 1 female, 8 unsexed, Asakai, Yuzawa-machi, Niigataken, 28.v. 1995, K. Haga leg. (KUM); 1 male, 2 females, 6 unsexed, Renge-onsen, Itoigawa-shi, Niigata-ken, 15��� 16.vii. 1997, M. Maruyama leg., alt. 1500m (KUM); 1 unsexed, Shima, Akazawa, Nakanoj��, Niigata-ken, 12.vi. 1986, R. Inagawa leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Ch��g��-onsen, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawa-ken, 14.vi. 1980, H. Tokumoto (cYH); 1 male, 2 unsexed, Ichinose-t��ge Pass, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawa-ken, 28.vii��� 23.viii. 2003, K. Nakata leg., from flight interception trap (ce. - 2) (KUM); 2 unsexed, Ichinose-t��ge Pass, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawaken, 28.vii��� 23.viii. 2003, K. Nakata leg., from flight interception trap (oak. - 2) (KUM); 1 unsexed, Ichinose-t��ge Pass, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawa-ken, 28.vii��� 23.viii. 2003, K. Nakata leg., from flight interception trap (ce. - 2) (KUM); 1 unsexed, Karikomi-no-ike Pond, Koike, ��no-shi, Fukui-ken, 31.v. 1977, H. Sasaji leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Mt. Sanri-yama, Fukui-ken, 26.vii. 1974, H. Sasaji leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Yashaga-ike Pond, Minamiechizen-ch��, Fukui-ken, 19.vi. 1977, H. Sasaji leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Yanagisawa-t��ge Pass, Tabayama-mura, Yamanashi-ken, 1500m, 28.iv��� 3.v. 2004, S. Nomura leg., alt. 1500m, from flight interception trap (KUM); 1 unsexed, Yanagisawat��ge Pass, K��sh��-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 9���15.viii. 2006, T. Watanabe leg., from fermented banana trap (cTW); 2 unsexed, Yanagisawa-t��ge Pass, K��sh��-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 2���9.viii. 2006, T. Watanabe leg., from flight interception trap (cTW); 1 unsexed, Kamihagiwara, K��sh��-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 9���15.viii. 2006, T. Watanabe leg., from flight interception trap (cTW); 1 unsexed, Yunosawa-t��ge Pass (Mts. Daibosatsu-rei), Yamanashi-ken, 22.viii. 2003, S. Tsuyuki leg. (cTW); 1 unsexed, Kamihikawa-t��ge Pass, Yamanashi-ken, 14.vi. 1986, T. Watanabe leg., under rubbish (cTW); 1 unsexed, Daibosatsu-t��ge Pass, Yamanashi-ken, 9.vi. 1979, M. Tao leg. (KUM); 1 unsexed, Daibosatsu, Yamanashi-ken, 7.vii. 1988, T. Ito leg. (cTI); 1 male, 2 unsexed, Mt. Obina-yama, Yamanashishi, Yamanashi-ken, 11.viii. 2004, H. Akiyama leg. (cTW); 5 unsexed, Yanagi-daira, Yamanashi-shi, Yamanashiken, 28.viii. 1986, Y. Shibata leg. (KUM); 2 unsexed, Satomiya-daira, Sutama, Hokut, Published as part of Yamamoto, Sh��hei & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2016, Revision of the subgenus Aleochara Gravenhorst of the parasitoid rove beetle genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4101 (1) on pages 20-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4101.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/269393, {"references":["Goeze, J. A. E. (1777) Entomologische Beytrage zu des Ritter Linne zwolften Ausgabe des Natursystems. Erster Theil. Weidmanns Erben & Reich, Leipzig, xvi + 736 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 45974","Bernhauer, M. & Scheerpeltz, O. (1926) Staphylinidae VI. (Pars 82). In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 5. Staphylinidae. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 499 - 988.","Klimaszewski, J. (1984) A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 129, 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 116129 fv","Welch, R. C. (1997) The British species of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst (Staphylinidae). The Coleopterist, 6 (1), 1 - 45.","Ahn, K. J., Jeon, M. J. & Kim, H. J. (2000) New records of intertidal Aleochara Gravenhorst species and key to the species in Korea (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Korean Journal of Entomology, 30 (4), 243 - 247.","Cho, Y. B. & Ahn, K. J. (2001) Coleoptera (Silphidae, Staphylinidae). Economic insects of Korea, 11, Insecta Koreana Supplement 18, 1 - 169. [in Korean, with English title and summary).","Pasnik, G. (2001) The North Korean Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) diversity and biogeography. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 44, 185 - 234.","Smetana, A. (2004 b) Aleocharinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 2. Hydrophiloidea, Histeroidea, Staphylinoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, pp. 353 - 494.","Gouix, N. & Klimaszewski, J. (2007) Catalogue of aleocharine rove beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 165 pp.","Park, J. S. & Ahn, K. J. (2010 a) Redescription of Aleochara (Aleochara) kochi Bernhauer with a lectotype designation and key to species of the subgenus Aleochara (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from the Far East. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 83 (4), 313 - 317. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2317 / JKES 1001.13.1","Luo, T. H. & Zhou, H. Z. (2012) Taxonomic study of the subgenus Aleochara (s. str.) Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) in China, with descriptions of four new species. 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In: Fourcroy, A. F. de (Ed.), Entomologia Parisiensis; sive catalogus insectorum quae in agro Parisiensi reperiuntur; secundum methodum Geoffroeanum in sections, genera et species distributus; cui addita sunt nomina trivialia etfere trecentae novae species. Pars prima. Aedibus Serpentinensis, Parisiis [Paris], vii + [1] + 231 pp.","Fabricius, J. C. (1801) Systema eleutheratorum secundum ordines, genera, species: adiectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus II. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae [Kiel], 687 pp.","Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1802) Coleoptera Microptera Brunsvicensia nec non exoticorum quotquot exstant in collectionibus entomologorum Brunsvicensium in genera familias et species distribuit. Carolus Reichard, Brunsuigae [Brunswick], lxvi + 206 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9568","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], [4] + 824 + [1] pp.","Heer, O. (1839) Fauna Coleopterorum Helvetica. Pars I. Fascicule II. Orelii, Fuesslini et Sociorum, Turici [Zurich], pp. 145 - 360.","Thomson, C. G. (1860) Skandinaviens Coleoptera, synoptiskt bearbetade. Tomus II. Berlingska Boktryckeriet, Lund, 304 pp.","Sharp, D. S. (1874) The Staphylinidae of Japan. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1874, 1 - 103. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1874. tb 00159. x","Duvivier, A. (1883) Enumeration des staphylinides, decrits depuis la publication du catalogue de M. M. Gemminger et de Harold. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 27, 91 - 215.","Fauvel, A. (1901) Voyage de M. le Dr. Ed. Bugnion au Venezuela, en Colombie et aux Antilles. Revue d'Entomologie, 20, 69 - 91.","Maruyama, M., Matsumoto, T. & Itioka, T. (2011) Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) associated with Aenictus laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Sarawak, Malaysia: Strict host specificity, and first myrmecoid Aleocharini. Zootaxa, 3102, 1 - 26.","Yamamoto, S. & Maruyama, M. (2012) Revision of the seashore-dwelling subgenera Emplenota Casey and Triochara Bernhauer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: genus Aleochara) from Japan. Zootaxa, 3517, 1 - 52.","Maus, C. H., Mittmann, B. & Peschke, K. (1998) Host records of parasitoid Aleochara Gravenhorst species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) attacking puparia of cyclorrhapheous Diptera. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 45 (2), 231 - 254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19980450209","Peschke, K. (1978) Funktionsmorphologische Untersuchungen zur Kopulation von Aleochara curtula Goeze (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Zoomorphologie, 89 (2), 157 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00995667","Peschke, K. & Metzler, M. (1987) Cuticular hydrocarbons and female sex pheromones of the rove beetle, Aleochara curtula (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Insect Biochemistry, 17 (1), 167 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0020 - 1790 (87) 90157 - 0","Peschke, K., Friedrich, P., Kaiser, U., Franke, S. & Francke, W. (1999) Isopropyl (Z 9) - hexadecenoate as a male attractant pheromone from the sternal gland of the rove beetle Aleochara curtala (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Chemoecology, 9 (2), 47 - 54. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 000490050033","Gack, C. & Peschke, K. (1994) Spermathecal morphology, sperm transfer and a novel mechanism of sperm displacement in the rove beetle, Aleochara curtula (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Zoomorphology, 114 (4), 227 - 237. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00416861"]}

Key to Japanese species of Aleochara (Aleochara) 1. Body large, thick, uniformly black; antennomeres I–III also black in coloration.................. A. (A.) lata Gravenhorst -. Body small to relatively large, rather thick, not uniformly black, at most dark brown; antennomeres I–III reddish brown to brownish black....................................................................................... 2 2. Elytra uniformly yellowish to reddish brown, without any types of darkened maculations laterally and basally............................................................................................ A. (A.) coreana Bernhauer -. Elytra uniformly yellowish to reddish brown, with darkened maculations laterally; OR elytra uniformly brownish brown (some with weak maculations laterally)......................................................................... 3 3. Elytra with prominent, blackish, and parallel sided maculations on lateral margins, reaching to each shoulder................................................................................................ A. (A.) curtula (Goeze) -. Elytra with lateral maculations (if present), not reaching to each shoulder; OR without any maculations................. 4 4. Head rather coarsely and deeply punctured unevenly, especially near vertex; median lobe of male aedeagus narrowly elongate; female spermatheca with apical portion complicatedly coiled.................................. A. (A.) postica Walker -. Head rather densely and shallowly punctured evenly, especially near vertex; median lobe of aedeagus bulbous; spermatheca simple, C-shaped, apical portion not coiled.................................................................. 5 5. Apical lobe of median lobe of aedeagus, not hook-shaped at apex in lateral view; spermatheca with chitinized portion of spermathecal stem moderately long, almost same length of spermathecal head and neck combined.......... A. (A.) parens Sharp -. Apical lobe of median lobe of aedeagus, moderately hook-shaped at apex in lateral view; spermatheca with chitinized portion of spermathecal stem long, almost 1.5 times as long as spermathecal head and neck combined; endemic to Ishigaki-jima Is. and Iriomote-jima Is., Yaeyama-shotô Islands, southwestern part of Japan........................ A. (A.) yaeyamensis n. sp.