Search

Babr baikali (Stebbing, 1899) (Figures 3 ��� 7) Gammarus Lovenii Dybowsky, 1874: 137, Tab. XIII, Fig. 7, [non G. lovenii Bruzelius, 1859]; Pallasea baikali (partim) Stebbing, 1899: 422; Stebbing, 1906: 378; Sowinsky, 1915: 272; Pleuracanthus lovenii Garjajev, 1901: 42; Pallasea (Pallasea) baikali Bazikalova, 1945: 144; Barnard & Barnard, 1983: 480; Pallasea kessleri var. inermis Sowinsky, 1915: 265; P. baikali inermis Dorogostaisky, 1922: 123, Tab. 2, Fig. 4; Pallasea (Pallasea) baikali inermis Bazikalova, 1945: 145; Barnard & Barnard, 1983: 480; P. baikali V��in��l�� & Kamaltynov, 1999: 951 [��� P. baikali M+N���]; P. (Pallasea) baikali baikali Takhteev, 2000: 60; Babr baikali Kamaltynov, 2002: 756; Babr inermis Kamaltynov, 2002: 756. Type material. Lectotype, male, 22 mm, ���Loveni���, Baikal, 1873 (ZIN 1 / 88436). Paralectotypes: 1 juvenile, Baikal (ZIN 1 / 88436); 1 male, 27.5 mm, ��� Gammarus loewenii��� (ZMH 21667). Additional material examined. (The following notations are used: sites are mainly listed counterclockwise following shoreline; locality name is followed by a basin code (S=southern, C=central, N=northern main basin of Lake Baikal, see Fig. 1); station codes (st.) refer to the cruises of respective years on r/v Obruchev (91 -x = 1991) and r/v Titov (99 -x, 00-x, 06-x and 07-x); collector acronyms are MED=Mikhail Daneliya, RMK=Ravil Kamaltynov, RV=Risto V��in��l��; the numbers of specimens examined by different methods are indicated as mor: for morphology, all: for allozymes and mtD: for the mitochondrial COI gene sequence. Museum collection numbers given after the mor: specification are MZH =Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki; LIN=Limnological Institute, Irkutsk, ZIN =Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg). Kultuk Bay (S), 51 �� 43��N, 103 �� 43��E, sandy beach 0.5 m, 14.09. 1998, coll. RV & RMK (mor: 2 MZH 53152; all: 9; mtD: 3); Kultuk Bay (S), 51 �� 43��N, 103 �� 43��E, 2���3 m sand, 14.09. 1998, coll. RV (mor: 2; all: 2) Kultuk Bay (S), 53 �� 43 ' 13 '' N, 103 �� 42 ' 54 '' E (st. 07- 64), 0.5���1 m sand, 14.08. 2007 coll. RV & MED (mor: 77 MZH 53153; mtD: 2); same location and date, 2���3 m, sand, stones, vegetation (mor: 19 MZH 53154); Kultuk Bay (S), 51 �� 43��02���� N, 103 �� 43��10 ���� E (st. 07- 62), 10 m, sand, 14.08. 2007, coll. MED & RV (mor: 4 MZH 53155, 53175; mtD 1); Cape Ulan-Koblit (unknown locality), 18 m, mud, algae, 31.07. 1916, coll. Baikal Expedition (mor: 1 ZIN); Budyskaya Guba (Olkhon Island; C), 53 ��07��37 ���� N, 107 �� 29��12 ���� E (st. 07- 14), 2���3 m, sand, 0 6.08. 2007, coll. RV & MED (mor: 33 MZH 53157; mtD: 5); Olkhon Strait, Khul Bay (C/N), 53 ��04��N, 106 �� 56��E (st. 91 - 4), 7���15 m, Charales, 16.08. 1991, coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1; all: 2; mtD: 3) Olkhon Strait, Khul Bay (C/N), 53 ��04��N, 106 �� 56��E (st. 00- 14), 2���9 m, 23.09. 2000, coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1; mtD: 1) Olkhon Strait, Khul Bay (C/N), 53 ��03'04'' N, 106 �� 55 ' 56 '' E (st. 07- 15 a), 2���3 m, sand, vegetation, 0 6.08. 2007, RV & MED (mor: 32 MZH 53158; mtD: 1); Maloe More strait, Bayan-Shungen Bay (N), 53 �� 15��21 ���� N, 107 �� 29��30 ���� E (st. 07- 16 a), 1���2 m, sand, 0 6.08. 2007, coll. RV & MED (mor: 49 MZH 53159, 53174; mtD: 5); Maloe More, Toubdi (N, exact locality unknown), 13.07. 1897, coll. Botkin (mor: 1 LIN 854); Boguchanski Bay (N), 55 �� 25��21 ���� N, 109 �� 11��18 ���� E (st. 06- 14), 0.5���1.5 m, sand, 15.08. 2006, RV & MED (mor: 9 MZH 53161; mtD: 2); off Yarki Island (N), 55 �� 45��N, 109 �� 40��E (st. 91 - 8), 20.08. 1991, coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1; all: 43; mtD: 3); Frolikha Bay (N), 55 �� 31��N, 109 �� 51��E (st. 99 - 54), 13���30 m, 26.7. 1999, coll. RV & RMK (mor: 1; mtD: 3); Ayaya Bay (N), 55 �� 27��22 ���� N, 109 �� 53��58 ���� E (st. 06- 22 a), 0.5���1.5 m, sand, 15.08. 2006, coll. RV & MED (mor: 16 MZH 53160; mtD: 1); Davsha Bay (N), 54 �� 20��N, 109 �� 29��E (st. 07- 34 b), 2 m, sand, 0 9.08. 2007, coll. RV & MED (mor: 36 MZH 53162, 53173; mtD: 5); Senogda Bay (N, 55 �� 34��N, 109 �� 13��E), st. 633, 2 m, sand, 0 9.07. 1955, coll. Bazikalova (mor: 1 LIN 868); Irinda Bay (N), 54 �� 50��N, 109 �� 40��E (st. 91 - 10), 21.08. 1991, coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1; all: 9; mtD: 3); 1 km S from mouth of Malaya Cheremshana River (N), 54 ��00��N, 109 �� 24��E (st. 99 - 39), 25.7.1999, 15��� 25 m, coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1; mtD: 1); Chivyrkui Gulf, Zmeinaya Bay & Pesochnaya Bay (N), 53 �� 45��N, 109 ��01��E (st. 00- 28 / 29), 1m / 4m sand, 25.9. 2000, coll. RV (mor: 2; mtD: 2); Chivyrkui Gulf, Kurbulik (N), 53 �� 42��N, 109 ��02��E (st. 91 - 11), sand, 22.08. 1991, coll. RV (all: 7). Barguzin Bay, off Cape Kholodyanka (C), 53 �� 23��N, 108 �� 59 ' E (st. 99 - 27), 4���7 m, sand, 23.07. 1999, coll. RV & RMK (mor: 3 MZH 53156; mtD: 3); Bezymyannaya Bay (C), 53 ��02��N, 108 �� 18��E (st. 99 - 21), 23.7. 1999, 2.5���4 m sand, coll. RMK & RV (mor: 2 MZH 53170; mtD: 3); Talanki Bay (C, 52 �� 42��N, 107 �� 41��E), st. 1194, 10 m, 21.07. 1957, coll. Bazikalova (mor: 1 LIN 867); Off Selenga delta mouth (S/C), 2 m, mud, 0 8.05. 1915 (mor: 12 ZIN 2 / 88439 " Pall. baikali inermis Sow., det. Dorogostaisky"); Off Severnoe Ustie mouth (S/C, 52 �� 23��N, 106 �� 33��E), 2 m, 0 8.05. 1915, collector unknown (mor: 1 LIN 851 " Pallasea (Pallasea) baicali inermis, det. Dorogostaisky"); Off Posolskoe, southern edge of Selenga delta (S), 52 ��01��N, 106 �� 10��E (st. 99 - 6), 3.5 m, sand, 21.7. 1999, coll. RV & RMK (mor: 1; mtD: 1) Type locality. Lake Baikal, Kultuk Bay (southern basin; as specified in Kamaltynov 2002). Diagnosis. Marginal prominences of head about equal in length to marginal prominences of pereonite 1 (Fig. 4 b). Uronite 1 with dorso-lateral setae only (Fig. 4 c). Antenna 1 shorter than or equal to a half of body length (Fig. 4 a). Antenna 1 peduncle segment 1 1.1���1.2 times as long as segment 2, and segment 2 1.5 times as long as segment 3 (Fig. 4 a, 5 a). Mandibular palp segment 1 without setae; segment 3 with 16 to 22 short ventral spine-setae (Fig. 5 b). Coxa 4 with straight distal margin (Fig. 4 a). Posterior margin of pereopod 6 basis slightly concave (Fig. 6 c). Uropod 3 shorter than urosome (Fig. 4 a), rather wide. Uropod 3 exopod 1.3���1.5 times as long as endopod (difference in the length especially strong in younger specimens) (Fig. 7 a). Color white, greenish-white or yellowish-white; spots varying in color from slight greenish-brown, yellowish or reddish to dark red or black, varying with the size of animal and substrate (environment). Pereonites 1���5 all with narrow dorso-lateral spots (Fig. 3 a, b). Body length of mature individuals 21���33 mm. Description of lectotype. Fitting the generic and specific diagnoses above, with following specifications: Marginal prominences of head conical, sharp. Uronite 2 with two dorso-lateral spine-setae. Uronite 3 with three dorso-lateral spine-setae. Antenna 1 length 0.43 of body length. Antenna 1 about 1.5 times as long as antenna 2. Flagellum with 26 subsegments. Length of antenna 2 peduncle segment 4 equal to segment 5 length. Mandibular palp segment 3 with 16 short ventral spine-setae. Uropod 3 exopod 1.3 times as long as endopod. DNA. Mitochondrial DNA typified by the sequence of a fragment of the COI deposited in GenBank with accession no GQ 919203 (from a specimen from Kultuk Bay, MZH 53175), from which conspecific specimens differ at less than 10 % of nucleotide sites, whereas any heterospecific sequences studied differed at more than 15 %. The variability within B. baikali comprises four main lineages, with typical geographical distributions: southern, eastern, western (around Olkhon Island), and northern (represented by GenBank sequences GQ 919203 - GQ 919206). (Figs 1 a and 2). Allozymes. Distinguished from B. nigromaculatus by having electrophoretically faster allozymes of the enzymes ENO, MDH- 1 and PGD, and electrophoretically slower ones of the enzymes AAT- 2, AP, ARK, IDH- 1, IDH- 2, MDH- 2 and PGM (Table 1). Distribution and habitat. Throughout the coasts of Baikal (Fig. 1 a), on shallow-water sandy bottoms. Depth 0.5���30 m, more often less than 10 m., Published as part of Daneliya, Mikhail E., Kamaltynov, Ravil M., Kontula, Tytti & V��in��l��, Risto, 2009, Systematics of the Baikalian Babr (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pallaseidae), pp. 49-68 in Zootaxa 2276 on pages 58-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191076, {"references":["Stebbing, T. R. R. (1899) Amphipoda from the Copenhagen Museum and other sources. Part 2. Transaction of the Linnean Society of London, 7 (8), 395 - 432.","Dybowsky, B. N. (1874) Beitrage zur naheren Kenntniss der in dem Baikal-See vorkommenden niederen Krebse aus der Gruppe der Gammariden. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 10, 1 - 218.","Stebbing, T. R. R. (1906) Amphipoda. I. Gammaridea. Das Tierreich, 21, 1 - 806.","Sowinsky, V. K. (1915) Amfipody ozera Baikal. Zoologicheskie issledovaniya Baikala, 9 (1): 1 - 329, 9 (2), 1 - 102.","Garjajev, V. P. (1901) Gammaridy ozera Baikala. Chast I: Acanthogammarinae. Trudy Obshchestva estestvoispytatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom universitete, 35 (6), 1 - 62.","Bazikalova, A. Ya. (1945) Amfipody ozera Baikala. Trudy Baikalskoi limnologicheskoi stantsii AN SSSR, 11, 1 - 440.","Barnard, J. L., Barnard, C. M. (1983) Freshwater Amphipoda of the World. Vol. 1 - 2. Hayfield Associates, Mt. Vernon, VA, 830 p.","Dorogostaisky, V. Ch. (1922) Materialy dlya kartsinologicheskoi fauny ozera Baikala. Trudy Komissii po izucheniyu ozera Baikala, 1, 105 - 153.","Vainola, R., Kamaltynov, R. M. (1999) Species diversity and speciation in the endemic amphipods of Lake Baikal: Molecular evidence. Crustaceana, 72 (8), 945 - 956.","Takhteev, V. V. (2000) Ocherki ob amfipodakh ozera Baikal (sistematika, sravnitelnaya ekologiya, evolutsiya). Izdatelstvo Irkutskogo Universiteta, Irkutsk, 335 pp.","Kamaltynov, R. M. (2002) Amfipody (Amphipoda: Gammaroidea). In: Timoshkin O. A. (Ed.), Index of Animal Species Inhabiting Lake Baikal and Its Catchment Area. Vol. 1. Book 1. Nauka, Novosibirsk, pp. 572 - 831."]}

Babr nigromaculatus (Dorogostaisky, 1922) (Figures 8���10) Pallasea baikali nigromaculata Dorogostaisky, 1922: 125, Tab. 2, Fig. 5; Pallasea baikali (partim) Stebbing, 1906: 378; Pallasea (Pallasea) baikali nigromaculata Bazikalova, 1945: 146; Barnard & Barnard, 1983: 480; P. baikali V��in��l�� & Kamaltynov, 1999: 951 [��� P.baikali S���]; P. (Pallasea) baikali nigromaculata Takhteev, 2000: 60; Babr nigromaculatus Kamaltynov, 2002: 757. Type specimens. Lectotype, female, 21 mm, ���fabrika Sibiryakova, 19 -VII- 15 g, glubina 20 mt, draga, V. Dorogostaisky��� (ZIN, 1 / 88438). Paralectotypes: 3 females, 21 mm, ���fabrika Sibiryakova, 19 -VII- 15 g, glubina 20 mt, draga, V. Dorogostaisky��� (ZIN, 1 / 50202); 1 female, 21 mm, ���det. V. Dorogostaisky��� (LIN, 865). Additional material examined. Kultuk (S, 51 �� 43��N, 103 �� 43��E), 15 m, sand, 16.06. 1915, coll. Dorogostaisky (mor: 1 ZIN 1 / 88438); Kultuk (S), 51 �� 43��N, 103 �� 43��E, 4���14 m, sand, 28.09. 1997 coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1; all: 6; mtD: 1); Kultuk (S), 51 �� 43��N, 103 �� 43��E, 5���10m, sand, 14.09. 1998, coll. RV (all: 1; mtD: 1); Sennaya Bay (S), 52 �� 16��19 ���� N, 105 �� 43��40 ���� E, 16���17 m, 0 5.2006, coll. J. Smith (mor: 7 MZH 53159, 53172; mtD: 3); Peschanaya Bay (S), 52 �� 15��N, 105 �� 42��E (st. 91 - 1), 7���10 m, 14.08. 1991 coll. RMK & RV (all: 8; mtD: 1); Baikal (S/C), 8.1991 coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1 MZH 53164); Cape Telegrafny (S, 51 �� 35��N, 103 �� 56��E), coll. Botkin (mor: 1 ZIN 4 / 88442); Cape Ulan-Koblit (unknown locality), 18 m, mud, algae, 31.07. 1916 coll. Bazikalova (mor: 1 ZIN 5 / 88444); Olkhon Strait (C/N), 53 ��00��N, 106 �� 53��E (st. 91 - 2), 30���35 m, 17.08. 1991 coll. RMK & RV (all: 1); Olkhon Strait (C/N), 53 ��00��N, 106 �� 53��E (st. 99 - 65), 20 m, 28.7. 1999, coll. RMK & RV (mtD: 2); Olkhon Strait (C/N), 53 ��02��N, 106 �� 53��E (st. 09- 52), Kurkut Bay, 7.5-11.4 m, 0 3.07. 2009, coll. MED, RV, Zagibalova (mor: 1 MZH 53171; mtD: 1) Uzury (Olkhon Island; C), 53 �� 21��52 ���� N, 107 �� 46��20 ���� E (st. 07- 17), 16 m, sand, 0 7.08. 2007, coll. MED & RV (mor: 9 MZH 53167; mtD: 3); Kocherikova (N), 53 �� 43��N, 107 �� 49��E (st. 07- 23), 20 m, sand, 0 8.08. 2007, coll. MED & RV, divers (mor: 1 MZH 53169; mtD: 1); Davsha Bay (N), 54 �� 21��40 ���� N, 109 �� 28��15 ���� E (st. 07- 31), 10 m, sand, 0 9.08. 2007, coll. MED & RV (mor: 2 MZH 53168; mtD: 2); Tukkaralagda Cape (N, 55 �� 26��N, 109 �� 49��E), st. 1351, 5 m, coarse sand, 15.07. 1959, coll. Bazikalova (mor: 1 LIN 866); 1 km S from mouth of Malaya Cheremshana River (N), 54 ��00��N, 109 �� 24��E (st. 99 - 39), 15���25 m, 25.7. 1999, coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1; mtD: 2); Turka (C), 52 �� 56��N, 108 �� 12��E (st. 07- 53), 10 m, sand, 12.08. 2007, coll. RV & MED (mor: 7 MZH 53166; mtD: 5); Gremyachinsk (C), 52 �� 40��N, 107 �� 58��E (st. 00- 43), 14���16 m, sand, 27.09. 2000, coll. RMK & RV (mor: 1 MZH 53163; mtD: 3); Manturikha (S, 51 �� 56��N, 105 �� 46��E), st. 610, N 2941, 21.08. 1925, coll. Bazikalova (mor: 1 ZIN 3 / 88441). Type locality. Lake Baikal, Sennaya Bay near Bolshie Koty, where Sibiryakov���s factory was situated, 51 �� 53��N, 105 ��04��E (see Drizhenko, 1908); specified here. Diagnosis. Marginal prominences of head shorter than marginal prominences of pereonites, blunt (Fig. 9 b). Uronite 1 with dorso-lateral spine-setae (Fig. 9 c). Antenna 1 equal to or longer than half of body length (0.5���0.6 times body length) (Fig. 9 a). Antenna 1 peduncle segment 1 slightly shorter than segment 2. Antenna 2 peduncle segment 4 slightly shorter than segment 5 (Fig. 9 a). Mandibular palp segment 1 with one���three ventral setae; segment 3 with 24 to 45 short ventral spine-setae. Coxa 4 with convex distal margin (Fig. 9 a). Posterior margin of pereopod 6 basis clearly concave (Fig. 10 c). Uropod 3 about as long as urosome (Fig. 9 c). Uropod 3 rami subequal in length (Fig. 10 f). Color greenish-yellowish, with dark-orange or brown spots. Pereonites 1���3 with wide dorso-lateral spots. Pereonites 4 and 5 without dorso-lateral spots. (Fig. 8 a, b). Body length of adult individuals 21���36 mm. Description of lectotype. Fitting the specific and generic diagnoses above, with following specifications. Marginal prominences of pereonites 1���5 blunt and hooked. Uronite 1 with two and three, uronite 2 and 3 with two dorso-lateral spine-setae on each side. Antenna 1 longer than half of body length (0.6 times body length). Antenna 1 peduncle segment 2 slightly longer than segments 1 and 3. Antenna 1 flagellum with 22 subsegments. Mandibular palp segment 1 with one ventral seta; segment 2 about as long as segment 3; segment 3 with 24 short ventral spine-setae. Uropod 3 exopod 1.1 times as long as endopod. DNA. Mitochondrial DNA lineage typified by the sequence of a fragment of the COI gene deposited in GenBank with accession no GQ 919202 (from a specimen from Sennaya Bay, MZH 53172), from which conspecific specimens may differ at up to 2.8 % of nucleotide sites, whereas any heterospecific individuals at least 15 %. Allozymes. Distinguished from B. baikali by having electrophoretically slower allozymes of the enzymes ENO, MDH- 1 and PGD, and electrophoretically faster ones of AAT- 2, AP, ARK, IDH- 1, IDH- 2, MDH- 2 and PGM (Table 1). Distribution and habitat. Throughout the coasts of Baikal (Fig. 1 b), on sandy bottoms at 5���35 m depth, typically deeper than 10 m., Published as part of Daneliya, Mikhail E., Kamaltynov, Ravil M., Kontula, Tytti & V��in��l��, Risto, 2009, Systematics of the Baikalian Babr (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pallaseidae), pp. 49-68 in Zootaxa 2276 on pages 63-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191076, {"references":["Dorogostaisky, V. Ch. (1922) Materialy dlya kartsinologicheskoi fauny ozera Baikala. Trudy Komissii po izucheniyu ozera Baikala, 1, 105 - 153.","Stebbing, T. R. R. (1906) Amphipoda. I. Gammaridea. Das Tierreich, 21, 1 - 806.","Bazikalova, A. Ya. (1945) Amfipody ozera Baikala. Trudy Baikalskoi limnologicheskoi stantsii AN SSSR, 11, 1 - 440.","Barnard, J. L., Barnard, C. M. (1983) Freshwater Amphipoda of the World. Vol. 1 - 2. Hayfield Associates, Mt. Vernon, VA, 830 p.","Vainola, R., Kamaltynov, R. M. (1999) Species diversity and speciation in the endemic amphipods of Lake Baikal: Molecular evidence. Crustaceana, 72 (8), 945 - 956.","Takhteev, V. V. (2000) Ocherki ob amfipodakh ozera Baikal (sistematika, sravnitelnaya ekologiya, evolutsiya). Izdatelstvo Irkutskogo Universiteta, Irkutsk, 335 pp.","Kamaltynov, R. M. (2002) Amfipody (Amphipoda: Gammaroidea). In: Timoshkin O. A. (Ed.), Index of Animal Species Inhabiting Lake Baikal and Its Catchment Area. Vol. 1. Book 1. Nauka, Novosibirsk, pp. 572 - 831.","Drizhenko. (1908) Altas Ozera Baikal. St. Petersburg, 30 p."]}

Babr Kamaltynov & V��in��l�� in Kamaltynov, 2002 Babr Kamaltynov, V��in��l��, 2002: 813; Pallasea (partim) Stebbing, 1899: 422; 1906: 374; Sowinsky, 1915: 257; Dorogostaisky, 1922: 117; Pleuracanthus (partim) Garjajev, 1901: 42, [non Gray, 1832 (Coleoptera)]; Pallasea (Pallasea) (partim) Bazikalova, 1945: 137, Barnard & Barnard, 1983: 480, Takhteev, 2000: 57. Type species. Gammarus lovenii Dybowsky, 1874. Revised diagnosis. Body slender, length up to 36 mm. Cuticle of body segments, antennules and antennas with scales. Body segments with sparse short dorsal distal setae. Head slightly convex dorsally. Head and pereonites 1���5 with big marginal conic prominences, almost spine-like, sharp or blunt, bent backwards on posterior pereonites, straight or hooked. Pereonites 6���8 with very small marginal prominences. Pleonites with slight lateral inflations. Uronites with one���two dorso-lateral spine-setae on slight prominences, and setae longer than spine-setae. Uronite 1 convex distally. Rostrum very small, rounded. Interantennal blade of head truncated fronto-ventrally, slightly concave. Coxal plates with slight lateral inflation. Epimera with smoothly rounded posterior angles. Epimeron 1 shorter than 2 and 3, with setae around margin. Epimera 2 and 3 with setae on posterior margin and disto-lateral surface. Telson about as long as uronite 3, entire, with straight lateral margins and small right- or obtuse-angled cleft, four to eleven long setae on lateral margins, and short setae on dorsal side; telson length 1.1���1.5 times its proximal width; proximal width 1.5���1.7 times distal width. Eyes large, with length about half of head length, strongly convex, oviform, black, occupying interantennal blade. Eye length to width ratio 1.1���1.3. Antenna 1 and antenna 2 approximately equally thin and with long peduncles. Antenna 1 shorter than body, 1.2���1.6 times as long as antenna 2; antennal peduncles equally long. Antenna 1 peduncle segments with sparse bunches of setae, which are about the same length as width of segments; segment 1 with uneven surface and five ventral bunches of one to three setae. Accessory flagellum with two to four subsegments. Antenna 1 flagellum with 21 to 34 subsegments. Antenna 2 peduncle segments with dense ventral bunches of setae, about twice as long as segment width; segment 2 concave dorsally; conus about as long as segment; segment 3 about the same size in length and width; segments 4 and 5 with 8���12 short dorso-medial and long medial and ventral bunches of setae. Flagellum with 5���9 elongated segments, about twice as long as wide; 1 st subsegment the same length as two following subsegments together. Mandibular palp extends as long as antennal segment 4; segment 3 with one or two lateral and two or three medial bunches of setae, three to five long setae on the tip. Distal setae of segment 2 and all setae of segment 3 with thin serration at the tip. Maxilla 1. Right. Inner plate with ten pinnate setae. Outer plate with distal strong claw-setae with one or two distal denticles. Second segment of palpus with three���five short sharp tooth-like spine-setae and one-two outer short strong setae. Left. Palp with six to ten distal strong setae. Maxilla 2. Outer plate frontal margin with stronger and longer setae slightly bent medially at the tip; ratio between length and width 2.1���2.3. Maxillipede reaches the distal margin of antennal segment 1. Basis with two bunches of setae. Basis endite prolonged forward to the half of merus. Ischium with three bunches of setae. Ischium endite barely reaches the half of carpus. Merus with three bunches of setae. Carpus with seven bunches of setae on posterior-medial and three on anterior-medial surface. Propodus with seven dorsal, three ventral and three lateral bunches. Gnathopods subchelate, with almond-shaped propodites. Gnathopod 2 slightly larger than gnathopod 1. Gnathopod 1. Coxa slightly concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly, elongated. Basis with sparse, long, thin setae, and three distal posterior serrated claw-setae. Ischium with posterior bunch of long setae. Merus with two to four posterior bunches and many long disto-medial setae. Carpus with two���three anterior, one medial and three posterior bunches of setae. Propodus with six anterior, ten medial, nine posterior bunches; posterior bunches also with strong spine-setae. Setae of distal margin of propodus with two distal denticles. Gnathopod 2. Coxa slightly longer than coxa 1, narrowed distally. Basis anterior margin with 10 bunches of setae. Ischium with a small posterior bunch of setae. Merus with five posterior bunches. Carpus with six or seven bunches of multiple serrated setae on posterior protuberance, three medial bunches and three distal anterior bunches of setae. Propodus with seven to nine posterior bunches of serrated setae. Pereopod 3 slightly larger than pereopod 4. Dactylus of pereopods 3 and 4 stronger than dactylus of pereopods 5���7. Pereopod 3. Coxa slightly longer than coxa 2, prolonged, convex distally. Anterior margin of basis almost straight, posterior convex, with multiple long dense setae; length 3.0��� 3.5 times width. Ischium with one or two distal bunches of short setae. Merus with convex anterior and concave posterior margins, and multiple long setae; 1.3 times as long as carpus. Carpus with multiple long setae. Propodus about as long as carpus with multiple dense setae. Pereopod 4. Coxa shorter than coxa 3; anterior margin convex, longer than posterior; distal margin straight, posterior concave. Anterior margin of basis concave. Pereopods 5���7 long and slender, increasing in size from pereopod 5 to pereopod 7. Posterior margin of basis with long, densely set setae. Ischium anterior margin with two���three bunches of long setae. Merus and carpus with bunches of long setae and one to three spine-setae. Propodus thin, match-like. Dactylus rather thin. Pereopod 5. Posterior margin of basis tapering distally, concave, long setae on anterior and posterior margins. Merus with seven to ten anterior and three to six posterior bunches. Carpus with four to ten anterior and posterior bunches, 1.1���1.5 times as long as merus and 1.2���1.7 times as long as propodus. Propodus with four to six anterior and two to four posterior bunches. Pereopod 6. Posterior margin of basis tapering distally, concave; anterior margin with bunches of spine-setae and many long setae. Merus with seven to eleven anterior and three to seven posterior bunches. Carpus 1.3���1.7 times as long as merus and 1.3���1.9 as propodus. Propodus with three to six anterior and four to six posterior bunches. Pereopod 7 reaches uronite 2. Basis slightly narrowed distally, proximal width 1.3���1.6 times distal width; posterior margin straight, with long setae; anterior margin with long proximal setae and sparse bunches composed of a single spine-seta and additional short setae; length 1.9���2.3 times width. Ischium with two���three bunches. Merus anterior margin with seven to ten bunches, posterior with four to seven bunches. Carpus with 6 to 12 anterior and posterior bunches; 1.4���1.7 times as long as merus and 1.3���1.8 times as long as propodus. Propodus outer margin with four to six bunches of spine-setae, inner with five to seven bunches of long setae. Uropod 2 slightly longer than protopodite of uropod 1. Protopodites with posterior setae and a distal posterior spine-seta. Exopod and endopod of uropod 2 with one posterior seta or without it. Uropod 3 protopodite with posterior spine-seta, four medial bunches of one���two setae and four anterior-lateral bunches of two���three setae; rami narrow, lanceolate, slightly flattened, with pinnate setae around; exopod slightly longer than endopod, with pinnate setae all around forming bunches, and very small, rudimentary distal segment. Coloration of fresh specimens. Body and appendages covered by large spots. Head with a dorsal V-shaped spot and lateral ones, body segments with transverse dorso-lateral and lateral spots, coxae of pereopods 1���4 with proximal and distal spots. Segments of appendages with a dark distal zone; basis of pereopods 1���2 with anterior and basis of pereopods 5���7 with posterior spots. Protopodites of uropod 3 and telson entirely dark. Differential diagnosis. Babr closely resembles Pallaseopsis, but differs in the following characters. Dorsal and lateral spines on body segments absent (present in Pallaseopsis). Rostrum almost indistinguishable (small but well-established in Pallaseopsis). Telson about as long as the last abdominal segment (clearly shorter in Pallaseopsis). Uronites and uropod propodites armed with dorso-lateral spinesetae (only setae in Pallaseopsis). Pereopod dactyli differ in size among pereopods 3, 4 and 5���7 (all about equal in size in Pallaseopsis). Setae of pereopods 3, 4 and basis of pereopods 5���7 long and dense (short and sparse in Pallaseopsis). Posterior margin of pereopod 7 basis slightly concave and narrowing distally (convex and with posterior and anterior margins distally parallel in Pallaseopsis). Distribution. Endemic of Lake Baikal. Habitat and ecology. Littoral-sublittoral (0���35 m), nekto-benthic, psammophilic (sandy or sandy-muddy bottom)., Published as part of Daneliya, Mikhail E., Kamaltynov, Ravil M., Kontula, Tytti & V��in��l��, Risto, 2009, Systematics of the Baikalian Babr (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pallaseidae), pp. 49-68 in Zootaxa 2276 on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191076, {"references":["Kamaltynov, R. M. (2002) Amfipody (Amphipoda: Gammaroidea). In: Timoshkin O. A. (Ed.), Index of Animal Species Inhabiting Lake Baikal and Its Catchment Area. Vol. 1. Book 1. Nauka, Novosibirsk, pp. 572 - 831.","Stebbing, T. R. R. (1899) Amphipoda from the Copenhagen Museum and other sources. Part 2. Transaction of the Linnean Society of London, 7 (8), 395 - 432.","Sowinsky, V. K. (1915) Amfipody ozera Baikal. Zoologicheskie issledovaniya Baikala, 9 (1): 1 - 329, 9 (2), 1 - 102.","Dorogostaisky, V. Ch. (1922) Materialy dlya kartsinologicheskoi fauny ozera Baikala. Trudy Komissii po izucheniyu ozera Baikala, 1, 105 - 153.","Garjajev, V. P. (1901) Gammaridy ozera Baikala. Chast I: Acanthogammarinae. Trudy Obshchestva estestvoispytatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom universitete, 35 (6), 1 - 62.","Bazikalova, A. Ya. (1945) Amfipody ozera Baikala. Trudy Baikalskoi limnologicheskoi stantsii AN SSSR, 11, 1 - 440.","Barnard, J. L., Barnard, C. M. (1983) Freshwater Amphipoda of the World. Vol. 1 - 2. Hayfield Associates, Mt. Vernon, VA, 830 p.","Takhteev, V. V. (2000) Ocherki ob amfipodakh ozera Baikal (sistematika, sravnitelnaya ekologiya, evolutsiya). Izdatelstvo Irkutskogo Universiteta, Irkutsk, 335 pp.","Dybowsky, B. N. (1874) Beitrage zur naheren Kenntniss der in dem Baikal-See vorkommenden niederen Krebse aus der Gruppe der Gammariden. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 10, 1 - 218."]}