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Genus Sinoscarterella Nel, Fu & Huang, gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C837B59B-B7BC-4FBD- A306-9D0A4CCF45DB Type species. Sinoscarterella incompleta Nel, Fu & Huang, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the Latin name sina for China, and the suffix ‘ scarterella ’, frequently employed for the fossil eoscarterelline genera. Gender feminine. Diagnosis. Forewing characters only. Forewing rugose, punctate; posterior curvature of main stem of RA; branches of CuA elongate; MP with 11 branches reaching wing margin; no branch of R basad emergence of RP; 5–6 anterior branches of RA; first branch of RA not pectinate; postclaval portion of membrane curved; first anterior branch of MP forked distad crossvein rp-m; first posterior branch of MP forked basad crossvein m-cua; first posterior branch of MP with 11 terminal branches reaching posterior wing margin; first fork of MP distad that of CuA., Published as part of Wang, Ye-hao, Nel, André, Fu, Yan-zhe, Su, Yi-tong, Cai, Chen-yang, Liu, Yu-ming, Gao, Jian & Huang, Di-ying, 2022, New insect fossils discovered from the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation at the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, NW China, pp. 183-194 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on page 186, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.12, http://zenodo.org/record/6530365

Liassorhyphus Nel & Huang, gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0180B601-D4D1-4A52-8C16- ED66F68EC900 Type species. Liassorhyphus liaoi Nel & Huang, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the Liassic period, and the suffix ‘Rhyphus’, frequently employed for the fossil anisopodid genera. Gender: masculine. Diagnosis. Wing venation only. CuA strongly curved posteriorly; crossvein cua-m very long and curved; large d-cell closed, located in middle of wing; veins R 1 and R 2+3 not strongly approximating at wing margin; veins M 1 and M 2 with a short common stem; apex of Sc situated well distad the level of base of R 2+3; R 2+3 weakly curved; R 4+5 curved, simple and elongate.

Liassorhyphus liaoi Nel & Huang, sp. nov. (Fig. 5) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 83AFEC0D-75BE-419B-8E48- A3CE1E0253DC Material. Holotype (NIGP180152), only one specimen, incomplete, slightly deformed. Etymology. Named after Professor Zhuoting Liao, a well-known palaeontologist for Late Palaeozoic brachiopods and stratigraphy, the guider of the field trip of this study at 2018. He passed away during the field work in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2019 at the age of 80. Diagnosis. As for genus. Type locality and horizon. A fossil locality near the Daheyan Town, Turpan City, Xinjiang; late Early Jurassic. Description. Coloration not preserved; wing ca. 4.0 mm long and ca. 1.4 mm wide; Sc ≥ 0.5× wing length, ending on anterior margin of wing 0.6 mm distad level of base of R 2+3; three radial branches; vein R 4 fused into R 4+5; R 4+5 elongate (longer than half wing-length); crossvein rm between R 4+5 and upper margin of d-cell, as R 4 and R 5 fused in R 4+5; four medial branches; M 1 and M 2 leaving d-cell with a short petiole; M 1 and M 2 shorter than half of wing length; CuA strongly arched posteriorly in its distal part; crossvein cua-m very long and curved; d-cell closed, 1.0 mm long, longer than 0.1 wing length, located near mid wing; R 1 and R 2+3 subparallel; apices of R 1 and R 2+3 weakly approximate; R 2+4 slightly arched; stem of M well-developed; R 4+5 arched; alula not preserved. Remarks. The Anisopodoidea is a very ancient ‘nematoceran’ fly superfamily, currently comprising the two extinct Protorhyphidae Handlirsch, 1906 and Siberhyphidae Kovalev, 1985, and the fossil and extant Anisopodidae Knab, 1912. Some of the oldest known Diptera belong to this superfamily (e. g., Vymrhyphus blagoderovi Krzemiński & Krzemińska, 2003). Wojtoń et al. (2018) listed the fossil genera and species and proposed a phylogenetic analysis of the group, using Plecia americana (Bibionidae) as outgroup in their analysis. The superfamily Anisopodoidea is currently considered as a member of the infraorder Bibionomorpha Hennig, 1954, but Zhang X. et al. (2022) proposed, after a molecular phylogenetic analysis that the extant Anisopodidae would be the sister group to the Brachycera, the clade Bibionomorpha being the sister group to the(Anisopodidae + Brachycera). If confirmed, this position would suggest that it is necessary to re-make the phylogenetic analysis of the Anisopodoidea with the addition of some Brachycera as outgroups to improve the polarization of the characters in the analysis of Wojtoń et al. (2018). Nevertheless, as it is, the work of Wojtoń et al. (2018) is very useful to determine the positions of new taxa in the Anisopodoidea. This superfamily, being in a ‘link’ position between ‘Nematocera’ and Brachycera, is of major importance to better understand the evolution of the flies. With only five extant genera vs. 15 strictly Mesozoic genera, the Anisopodoidea were clearly more diverse at that time than now a day. This fossil wing is very similar to those of the extant Anisopodidae (e. g., Sylvicola Harris, 1780 or Olbiogaster Osten Sacken, 1886), especially in the simple R 2+3 and R 4+5, the shape of the d-cell and of the branches of M. After the phylogenetic analysis of Wojtoń et al. (2018), affinities of the new fossil with the Protorhyphidae (a Triassic–Jurassic group) are excluded because of the following characters: three radial cells in the new fossil (vs. four); vein R 4 fused into R 4+5 (vs. R 4 well-developed); r-m between R 4+5 and upper margin of d-cell (a rather weak character because, in Protorhyphidae, it is between R 4+5 stem and d-cell, because there is a stem of R 4+5 as R 4 and R 5 are distally separated); R 4+5 elongate (same situation as before because, in Protorhyphidae, R 4 and R 5 are separated). Affinities with the clade (Mesochria + Mycetobia) (Mycetobiinae, a clade with a fossil record going into the mid-Cretaceous; Szadziewski et al., 2016; Kania et al., 2019a; Camier & Nel, 2019) are excluded because the new fossil has four branches of M, the d-cell is opened, and there is a long petiole of M 1 and M 2. The new fossil shares with the two taxa Vymrhyphus blagoderovi Krzemiński & Krzemińska, 2003 (in Protorhyphidae, thus with affinities excluded; Krzemiński & Krzemińska, 2003) and Megarhyphus sophiae Kovalev, 1990, the short petiole of M 1 and M 2 (Kovalev, 1990; Zhang, 2007). The other anisopodoid taxa studied by Wojtoń et al. (2018), including Megarhyphus amberae Krzemińska et al., 2010, have the veins M 1 and M 2 leaving d-cell independently. Megarhyphus rarus Zhang, 2007 has M 1 and M 2 emerging at the same point. The three Megarhyphus spp. (Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous) share with the new fossil a large d-cell situated in the mid part of wing, but all differ from the new fossil in R 1 and R 2+3 strongly approximating at wing margin, a m-cu shorter than in the new fossil, and a distal part of CuA smoothly undulating, vs. strongly curved posteriorly in the new fossil (Zhang, 2007; Krzemińska et al., 2010). De Souza Amorim & Tozoni (1994) separated the Olbiogastridae (Olbiogastrinae in Wojtoń et al., 2018) from the other Anisopodoidea on the basis of the character ‘Cell m1 tapering proximally/ cell m1 with an angle proximally’, corresponding to differences in the bases of veins M 1 and M 2 (Pratt & Pratt, 1980). But this character [‘presence of a short petiole of M 1 and M 2 ’ & ‘M 1 and M 2 emerging at the same point’ & ‘M 1 and M 2 emerging independently’] appears not sufficient to clearly separate the genera, as the situation may vary within the same genus (e. g., Megarhyphus and Sylvicola). Besides, Wojtoń et al. (2018) did not included several key genera in their work. As such, we need to search for other arguments to separate the new fossil from the various anisopodid genera. Tega Blagoderov et al., 1993 (Teginae Lukashevich, 2012, Middle –Late Jurassic) has a very small d-cell, located in basal half of wing, unlike the new fossil. Lukashevich (2012: 281) indicated about the Cretaceous genus Thiras Giebel, 1856 that ‘Since the holotype of Thiras westwoodi Giebel, 1856 has not yet been re-examined, it remains unclear whether Pachyrhyphus is a junior synonym of Thiras Giebel, 1856 ’. Westwood (1854: pl. 18, fig. 20) figured the wing of Thiras westwoodi; it clearly has an opened d-cell. The late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous genus Pachyrhyphus Kovalev, 1986 has veins R 1 and R 2+3 strongly approximating at wing margin, a closed d-cell and a vein M 1 emerging from anterior side of this cell, unlike the new fossil (Kovalev, 1986, 1990). The genera Olbiogaster, Eogaster De Souza Amorim & Tozoni, 1994, and Australogaster De Souza Amorim & Tozoni, 1994 have the veins R 1 and R 2+3 strongly approximating at wing margin, unlike the new fossil (Edwards, 1915; Tonnoir, 1923; Okada, 1938; Tozoni, 1993; Grimaldi & De Souza Amorim, 1995). The Jurassic Mesorhyphus Handlirsch, 1920 has the apex of Sc situated at level (or nearly so) of base of R 2+3, while it is much longer in the new fossil, and its R 2+3 is much shorter than in the new fossil (Ansorge & Krzemiński, 1995; Lukashevich, 2012). Cretolbia Kania et al., 2019 (mid-Cretaceous) and the extant genus Carreraia Corrêa, 1947 have also the apex of Sc situated at the level of base of R 2+3 (Corrêa, 1947: fig. 1; Kania et al., 2019b). Sylvicola (Cenozoic to extant) has the vein R 2+3 strongly sigmoidal, unlike the new fossil (Krivosheina & Menzel, 1998; Wojtoń et al., 2018). The species of the (sub-)genus Anisopus Meigen, 1803 have the veins M 1 and M 2 leaving d-cell independently or at the same point (Fuller, 1935; Lane & d’Andretta, 1958; Pratt & Pratt, 1980). The Middle Jurassic genus Leptoplecia Hong, 1983 is based on an incomplete specimen with the wing venation poorly preserved (Hong, 1983: text-fig. 113, pl. 27, fig. 4), hardly comparable with the new fossil. The Middle Jurassic genera Jurolaemargus Evenhuis, 1994 (type species Jurolaemargus yujiagouensis (Hong, 1983) and Gansuplecia Hong & Wang, 1990 are supposed to have a forked R 4+5 and an opened d-cell (Hong, 1983: text-fig. 112; Hong & Wang, 1990: text-figs 140–141). The Siberhyphidae Kovalev, 1985 (Siberhyphus lebedevi Kovalev in Kalugina & Kovalev, 1985, Middle Jurassic) have no R 2+3 (Kovalev, 1985: text-fig. 65). Lobogaster Philippi, 1865 has a sinuous and shortened R 4+5 (De Souza Amorim & Tozoni, 1994). In conclusion, the new fossil does not fit in any of the described genera of Anisopodoidea. Its most remarkable characters are ‘CuA strongly curved posteriorly’ and ‘crossvein cua-m very long and curved’, allowing to separate it from all the anisopodoid genera. The discovery of Liassorhyphus liassicus Nel & Huang, gen. et sp. nov. confirms the diversity of the Anisopodoidea in the Liassic. Together with Megarhyphus amberae from the Liassic of UK (196.5–189.6 Ma), it is the second earliest Jurassic record of the Anisopodidae, while the other Liassic representatives of the superfamily belong to the Protorhyphidae (Protorhyphus ovisimilis Bode, 1953, Protorhyphus simplex (Geinitz, 1888), Protorhyphus stigmaticus Handlirsch, 1920, Protorhyphus turanicus Rohdendorf, 1964, Archirhyphus geinitzi Handlirsch, 1939, and Austrorhyphus moryi Martin, 2008). The whole group had been already widely distributed at that time (Australia, Europe, Central Asia), suggesting even it had a higher diversity than what is known after its fossil record., Published as part of Wang, Ye-hao, Nel, André, Fu, Yan-zhe, Su, Yi-tong, Cai, Chen-yang, Liu, Yu-ming, Gao, Jian & Huang, Di-ying, 2022, New insect fossils discovered from the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation at the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, NW China, pp. 183-194 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on pages 190-191, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.12, http://zenodo.org/record/6530365, {"references":["Kovalev, V. G. (1985) Infraorder Bibionomorpha and Asilomorpha. In: Kalugina, N. S. & Kovalev, V. G. (Eds), Dvukrylye yury Sibiri [Insecta Diptera of the Jurassic in Siberia]. Akademiya nauk SSSR, Paleontologicheskii Institut, Moskovskpe Obshchestvo Ispytatelei Prirody, 113 - 187. [In Russian]","Knab, F. (1912) New species of Anisopidae (Rhyphidae) from tropical America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 25, 111 - 113.","Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E. (2003) Triassic Diptera: descriptions, revisions and phylogenetic relations. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 46 (suppl. - Fossil Insects), 153 - 184.","Wojton, M., Kania, I. & Kopec, K. (2018) Sylvicola Harris, 1780 (Diptera: Anisopodidae) in the Eocene resins. Annales Zoologici, 68 (4), 849 - 866. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2018.68.4.009","Hennig, W. (1954) Flugelgeader und System der Dipteren unter Berucksichtigung der aus dem Mesozoikum beschriebenen Fossilien. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 4, 245 - 388. [In German]","Szadziewski, R., Szwedo, J., Sontag, E. & Wang, B. (2016) The oldest species of the relic extant genus Mesochria from Eocene Fushun amber of China (Diptera: Anisopodidae: Mycetobiinae). Palaeontologia Electronica, 19.1.12 A, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 544","Kania, I., Wojton, M. & Krzeminski, W. (2019 a) The oldest Mycetobia Meigen, 1818 (Diptera, Anisopodoidea) from Upper Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 95, 302 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2018.11.014","Camier, M. & Nel, A. (2019) First Mycetobiinae of the lowermost Eocene Oise amber (France) (Diptera: Anisopodidae). Palaeoentomology, 2 (3), 245 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 2.3.9","Kovalev, V. G. (1990) Dvukryly. Muscida [Dipterans. Muscida]. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P. (Ed.), Pozdnemezozoiskie nasekomye Vostochnogo Zabaykal'ya [Late Mesozoic insects of Eastern Transbaikalia]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR, Moscow, 239, 123 - 177. [In Russian]","Zhang, J. F. (2007) Some anisopodoids (Insecta: Diptera: Anisopodoidea) from the late Mesozoic deposits of northeast China. Cretaceous Research, 28 (2), 281 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2006.05.008","Krzeminska, E., Coram, A. R. & Krzeminski, W. 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(1995) Revision of Mesorhyphus Handlirsch, Eoplecia Handlirsch and Heterorhyphus Bode from the Upper Liassic of Germany. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 69 (1 - 2), 167 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02985982","Correa, R. R. (1947) Sobre alguns anisopodidas da America do Sul descricao de Carreraia, n. gen. (Dipt. Anisopodidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 8 (8), 97 - 107. [In Portuguese]","Kania, I., Wojton, M., Lukashevich, E., Stanek-Tarkowska, J., Wang, B. & Krzeminski, W. (2019 b) Anisopodidae (Insecta: Diptera) From Upper Cretaceous amber of Northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 94, 190 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2018.10.013","Krivosheina, N. P. & Menzel, F. (1998) The Palaearctic species of the genus Sylvicola Harris, 1776 (Diptera, Anisopodidae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 48 (1), 201 - 217.","Fuller, M. E. (1935) Notes on Australasian Anisopodidae (Diptera). 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Liassorhyphus Nel & Huang, gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0180B601-D4D1-4A52-8C16- ED66F68EC900 Type species. Liassorhyphus liaoi Nel & Huang, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the Liassic period, and the suffix ‘Rhyphus’, frequently employed for the fossil anisopodid genera. Gender: masculine. Diagnosis. Wing venation only. CuA strongly curved posteriorly; crossvein cua-m very long and curved; large d-cell closed, located in middle of wing; veins R 1 and R 2+3 not strongly approximating at wing margin; veins M 1 and M 2 with a short common stem; apex of Sc situated well distad the level of base of R 2+3; R 2+3 weakly curved; R 4+5 curved, simple and elongate., Published as part of Wang, Ye-hao, Nel, André, Fu, Yan-zhe, Su, Yi-tong, Cai, Chen-yang, Liu, Yu-ming, Gao, Jian & Huang, Di-ying, 2022, New insect fossils discovered from the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation at the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, NW China, pp. 183-194 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on pages 189-190, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.12, http://zenodo.org/record/6530365

Sinoscarterella incompleta sp. nov. (Fig. 4) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CD4091CC-A2E9-4C0F- 8EA3-E4DCE6D7DD4D Material. Holotype, NIGP180151, an incomplete isolated forewing. Etymology. Named after the incomplete state of preservation of the fossil. Diagnosis. As for the genus. Type locality and horizon. A fossil locality near the Daheyan Town, Turpan City, Xinjiang; late Early Jurassic. Description. Forewing rugose and punctate in areas between C and R and RA and RP, evenly rounded, with basal portion narrowed; preserved part 8.3 mm long, wing 4.2 mm wide, no pc vein between Costa and R; postclaval portion of membrane (tornus) curved, postnodal membrane distinctly widened; RA smoothly curved with five anterior branches, third one being forked again; no anterior branch of R basad base of RP; RA1 entering anterior margin before level of claval apex; RP simple, separated from common stalk ScP+R at basal ⅓ of tegmen length; base of RP well distad base of MP+CuA; stems MP and CuA not forking at same level; MP with 11 terminals; veinlet ir (ra-rp) present, sometimes shortened; two veinlets rp-mp and one mp-cua present; branches of CuA elongate. Remarks. This fossil is a forewing of a cicadomorphan (Hemiptera) because of the tegminisation of the anterior part of wing and the general pattern of venation. The ‘base of RP far distad bases of MP and CuA’ and the ‘basal to sub-basal fusion of ScP with R’ are characters present in taxa of few Permian and/or Triassic families, viz. some Prosbolidae, Cicadoprosbolidae Evans, 1956, Saaloscytinidae Brauckmann, Martins- Neto & Gallego, 2006, Maguviopseidae Shcherbakov, 2011, Mesojabloniidae Storozhenko, 1992, Pereboriidae Zalessky, 1930, Magnacicadidae Hong & Chen, 1981, Dysmorphoptilidae Handlirsch, 1906, Hylicellidae Evans, 1956, and Scytinopteridae Handlirsch, 1906. Indeed, a global phylogenetic analysis of all these groups would be necessary to make precise their definitions and limits (see catalogue in Szwedo, 2018). The Saaloscytinidae and Maguviopseidae have forewing tegminised on all their surface and no distal anterior veinlets between RA and C (Shcherbakov, 2011). Some Prosbolidae (Orthoscytina spp.) and Scytinopteridae (Triassoscytinopsis Evans, 1956) could show similarities with the new fossil, in the presence of a distal series of veinlets between RA and Costa and a simple RP, but the area between RA and RP is much narrower in these taxa than in the new fossil, and the basal-most such veinlet (ScP re-emerging from RA?) is different from the more distal ones, stronger and/or aligned with basal part of RA, unlike in the new fossil.The Magnacicadidae have rounded forewings with a broader area between R/RA and C and a different pattern of branches of the main veins (Hong & Chen, 1981). Pereboriids have much more branches of MP and RP than the new fossil. Some cicadoprosbolids (Cicadoprosbole Evans, 1956) and some mesojabloniids also share with the new fossil the presence of a distal series of veinlets between RA and Costa but they have a distinct elongate vein pc (Evans, 1956; Shcherbakov, 2011). Shcherbakov (1988a, b), followed by Nicholson et al. (2015) and Szwedo & Huang (2019), synonymized the Eoscarterellidae under Dysmorphoptilidae, but the former was treated as a family by the other authors (Evans, 1956; Carpenter, 1992; Hamilton, 1992; Szwedo et al., 2004; Jell, 2004; Szwedo, 2018). Among Dysmorphoptilidae, Eoscarterellinae Evans, 1956 have forewing venations most similar to that of the new fossil, viz. apical portion of tegmen not abruptly narrowed; postclaval margin (tornus) arcuate, convex, not sigmoidal (characteristic of the Eoscarterellinae after the key to dysmorphoptilid subfamilies in Szwedo & Huang, 2019: 153); bSc shortened and ending into R basad the re-emergence of MP+CuA; fork of CuA very deep and narrow with elongate branches; MP with several distal branches; base of RP far distad base of MP+CuA; RP simple, an elongate and broad cell between RA and RP; area between RA and RP distinctly narrowed in its distal half; and RA with a distal series of curved veinlets between RA and Costa. Szwedo and Huang (2019: 159) proposed the following diagnosis for Eoscarterellinae: tegmen rugose, punctate, evenly rounded, basal portion narrowed; postclaval portion of membrane (tornus) arcuate, postnodal membrane distinctly widened; branch ScP+RA with more than two branches; RA 1 entering anterior margin before level of claval apex; RP separated from common stalk ScP+R at basal ⅓ of tegmen length; veinlet ir (ra-rp) present, sometimes shortened; veinlets rp-mp and mpcua present. All these characters are present in the new fossil. Only the character ‘MP with four terminals’ is not present, as the new fossil has 11 terminals, and four main branches. Eoscarterellinae currently comprise the genera Eoscarterella Evans, 1956 (Late Triassic, Australia), Belmontocarta Evans, 1958 (Late Permian, Australia), Duraznoscarta Lara & Wang, 2016 (Late Triassic, Argentina), Dysmorphoscartella Riek, 1973 (Late Permian, South Africa), and Eoscartoides Evans, 1956 (= Mesonirvana Evans, 1956; Evans, 1956; Late Triassic, Australia). Eoscarterella has branches of CuA shorter and much less branches of MP than in the new fossil; Eoscartoides differs from the new fossil in the basal cell closed with short basal portion of stem CuA (‘arculus’) and stems R and MP leaving basal cell at same point, and less numerous branches of MP and the forked most basal anterior branch of RA (Evans, 1956; Lambkin, 2016). Duraznoscarta has branches of R basad the emergence of RP and much more anterior branches of RA (Lara & Wang, 2016). Dysmorphoscartella lobata Riek, 1973 strongly differs from the new fossil and the other Eoscarterellinae in the presence of an elongate and pectinate first branch of RA+ScP and the postclaval portion of membrane nearly straight (Riek, 1973: fig. 13). Belmontocarta perfecta Evans, 1958 resembles the new fossil, with the following differences: the stems R and MP leaving basal cell at same point vs. stems MP and CuA leaving basal cell at same point, the third veinlet between RA and C is simple vs. forked in the latter, first anterior branch of MP forked basad crossvein rp-mp vs. distad in the latter, first posterior branch of MP forked distad crossvein mp-cua vs. basad in the latter, first posterior branch of MP with only two branches vs. seven along posterior wing margin in the latter (Evans, 1956). Both fossils share the presence of punctuation in the area between C, R, RA and RP. The forewing venations of the species of the hylicellid genus Cycloscytina Martynov, 1926 (Vietocylinae Shcherbakov, 1988) strongly resemble that of the new fossil in the veinlets between RA and C, a crossvein imp present, making the cell C3 closed, and two crossveins rp-mp, making the cell C2 present (as in Vietocycla Shcherbakov, 1988, but unlike the other Hylicellidae Evans, 1956 that have only one or two short crossveins between RA and C (see Evans, 1956; Shcherbakov, 2011, 2012), the shape of the basal cell between RA and RP, two crossveins between RP and MP. Vietocycla strongly differs from Cycloscytina and the new fossil in the presence of anterior branches of R basad emergence of RP and between base of RP and posterior curvature of RA, and in first branch of RA at level of the beginning of this curvature with three branches. The pattern of R/RA in Vietocycla is similar to that of Duraznoscarta. Cycloscytina delutinervia Martynov, 1926 (Late Jurassic) differs from the new fossil by the less numerous branches of MP and shorter branches of CuA, but Cycloscytina fulgoroides (Becker-Migdisova, 1962) (Triassic,originallyin Asiocixius Becker-Migdisova,1962, a genus synonymized with Cycloscytina by Shcherbakov, 1988, but see also Szwedo et al., 2004), has much more branches of MP (even more than in the new fossil) and longer branches of CuA, but supposedly no crossvein ir and only one crossvein rp-mp. Cycloscytina fulgoroides also differs from the new fossil in the aligned forks of MP and CuA. Cycloscytina asiatica (Martynov, 1937) (= Mesocixiella rohdendorfi Becker-Migdisova, 1962) (Early Jurassic), and Cycloscytina extensa (Martynov, 1937) (Early to Middle Jurassic), Cycloscytina korlaensis (Hong, 1983) (Middle Jurassic), and Cycloscytina gobiensis (Shcherbakov, 1988) (Middle to Late Jurassic), have also numerous anterior branches of RA, and share with the new fossil a posterior curvature of main stem of RA. All differ from the latter in the less numerous branches of MP, and the fork of CuA distad the level of that of MP (Martynov, 1937; Becker-Migdisova, 1962; Hong, 1983; Shcherbakov, 1988a, b). Given the traits discussed above, we tentatively placed the fossil in Eoscarterellinae, and raised some questions about taxonomic units. The venation of the Cycloscytina spp. resembles those of the Eoscarterellinae, to the point that we could not find any significant differences, except for the number of branches of RP and MP, characters variable in the genus Cycloscytina and the Eoscarterellinae. It is likely possible that Cycloscytina belongs to the Eoscarterellinae, but only a phylogenetic analysis could help to solve the problem., Published as part of Wang, Ye-hao, Nel, André, Fu, Yan-zhe, Su, Yi-tong, Cai, Chen-yang, Liu, Yu-ming, Gao, Jian & Huang, Di-ying, 2022, New insect fossils discovered from the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation at the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, NW China, pp. 183-194 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on pages 187-189, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.12, http://zenodo.org/record/6530365, {"references":["Evans, J. W. (1956) Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera. Australian Journal of Zoology, 4 (2), 165 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9560165","Shcherbakov, D. E. (2011) New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia - early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers. Zootaxa, 2836 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2836.1.1","Hong, Y. C. & Chen, R. Y. (1981) Magnacicadidae, a new family of Homoptera from the Middle Triassic of Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province. Kexue Tongbao, 26 (4), 338 - 340.","Szwedo, J. (2018) The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 107, 109 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 175569101700038 X","Shcherbakov, D. E. (1988 a) New cicadas (Cicadina) from the Late Mesozoic of Transbaikalia. Paleontological Journal, 22 (4), 52 - 63.","Nicholson, D. B., Mayhew, P. J. & Ross, A. J. (2015) Changes to the fossil record of insects through fifteen years of discovery. PLoS ONE, 10 (7), e 0128554, 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0128554","Szwedo, J. & Huang, D. Y. (2019) First Dysmorphoptilidae from the Permian of China (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Prosbolomorpha), with notes on the fossil record of the family. Palaeoentomology, 2 (2), 148 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 2.2.6","Carpenter, F. M. (1992) Hexapoda. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part R, Arthropoda 4 (3). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas, xxi + 277 pp.","Hamilton, K. G. A. (1992) Lower Cretaceous Homoptera from the Koonwarra Fossil Bed in Australia with a new superfamily and synopsis of Mesozoic Homoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 85 (4), 423 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 85.4.423","Szwedo, J., Bourgoin, T. & Lefebvre, F. (2004) Fossil planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) of the World. An annotated catalogue with notes on Hemiptera classification. Studio 1 (publ.), Warsaw, 1 - 199.","Jell, P. A. (2004) The fossil insects of Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 50 (1), 1 - 124.","Lara, M. B. & Wang, B. (2016) New hemipteran insects (Eoscarterellidae, Scytinopteridae, and Protopsyllidiidae) from the Upper Triassic Potrerillos Formation of Mendoza, Argentina. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 90, 49 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 016 - 0286 - 8","Riek, E. F. (1973) Fossil insects from the Upper Permian of Natal, South Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 21, 513 - 532.","Lambkin, K. J. (2016) Revision of the Dysmorphoptilidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Prosboloidea) of the Queensland Triassic - Part 2. Zootaxa, 4092 (2), 207 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4092.2.4","Shcherbakov, D. E. (2012) A new subfamily of Mesozoic Hylicellidae (Homoptera: Cicadomorpha). Russian Entomological Journal, 21 (4), 441 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 21.4.10","Becker-Migdisova, E. F. (1962) Nekotorye novye poluzhestkokrylye i senoedy. [Some new fossil Hemiptera and Psocoptera]. Paleontologicheskij Zhurnal, (1), 89 - 104. [In Russian]","Martynov, A. V. (1937) Liasovye nasekomye Shuraba i Kizil- Kii [Liassic insects from Shurab and Kisyl-Kiya]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR, Moscow, 7 (1), 1 - 179. [In Russian with English summary]","Hong, Y. C. (1983) Middle Jurassic fossil insects in North China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 223 pp. [In Chinese with English summary] https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11430 - 017 - 9268 - 7"]}

Sinoscarterella incompleta sp. nov. (Fig. 4) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CD4091CC-A2E9-4C0F- 8EA3-E4DCE6D7DD4D Material. Holotype, NIGP180151, an incomplete isolated forewing. Etymology. Named after the incomplete state of preservation of the fossil. Diagnosis. As for the genus. Type locality and horizon. A fossil locality near the Daheyan Town, Turpan City, Xinjiang; late Early Jurassic. Description. Forewing rugose and punctate in areas between C and R and RA and RP, evenly rounded, with basal portion narrowed; preserved part 8.3 mm long, wing 4.2 mm wide, no pc vein between Costa and R; postclaval portion of membrane (tornus) curved, postnodal membrane distinctly widened; RA smoothly curved with five anterior branches, third one being forked again; no anterior branch of R basad base of RP; RA1 entering anterior margin before level of claval apex; RP simple, separated from common stalk ScP+R at basal ⅓ of tegmen length; base of RP well distad base of MP+CuA; stems MP and CuA not forking at same level; MP with 11 terminals; veinlet ir (ra-rp) present, sometimes shortened; two veinlets rp-mp and one mp-cua present; branches of CuA elongate. Remarks. This fossil is a forewing of a cicadomorphan (Hemiptera) because of the tegminisation of the anterior part of wing and the general pattern of venation. The ‘base of RP far distad bases of MP and CuA’ and the ‘basal to sub-basal fusion of ScP with R’ are characters present in taxa of few Permian and/or Triassic families, viz. some Prosbolidae, Cicadoprosbolidae Evans, 1956, Saaloscytinidae Brauckmann, Martins- Neto & Gallego, 2006, Maguviopseidae Shcherbakov, 2011, Mesojabloniidae Storozhenko, 1992, Pereboriidae Zalessky, 1930, Magnacicadidae Hong & Chen, 1981, Dysmorphoptilidae Handlirsch, 1906, Hylicellidae Evans, 1956, and Scytinopteridae Handlirsch, 1906. Indeed, a global phylogenetic analysis of all these groups would be necessary to make precise their definitions and limits (see catalogue in Szwedo, 2018). The Saaloscytinidae and Maguviopseidae have forewing tegminised on all their surface and no distal anterior veinlets between RA and C (Shcherbakov, 2011). Some Prosbolidae (Orthoscytina spp.) and Scytinopteridae (Triassoscytinopsis Evans, 1956) could show similarities with the new fossil, in the presence of a distal series of veinlets between RA and Costa and a simple RP, but the area between RA and RP is much narrower in these taxa than in the new fossil, and the basal-most such veinlet (ScP re-emerging from RA?) is different from the more distal ones, stronger and/or aligned with basal part of RA, unlike in the new fossil.The Magnacicadidae have rounded forewings with a broader area between R/RA and C and a different pattern of branches of the main veins (Hong & Chen, 1981). Pereboriids have much more branches of MP and RP than the new fossil. Some cicadoprosbolids (Cicadoprosbole Evans, 1956) and some mesojabloniids also share with the new fossil the presence of a distal series of veinlets between RA and Costa but they have a distinct elongate vein pc (Evans, 1956; Shcherbakov, 2011). Shcherbakov (1988a, b), followed by Nicholson et al. (2015) and Szwedo & Huang (2019), synonymized the Eoscarterellidae under Dysmorphoptilidae, but the former was treated as a family by the other authors (Evans, 1956; Carpenter, 1992; Hamilton, 1992; Szwedo et al., 2004; Jell, 2004; Szwedo, 2018). Among Dysmorphoptilidae, Eoscarterellinae Evans, 1956 have forewing venations most similar to that of the new fossil, viz. apical portion of tegmen not abruptly narrowed; postclaval margin (tornus) arcuate, convex, not sigmoidal (characteristic of the Eoscarterellinae after the key to dysmorphoptilid subfamilies in Szwedo & Huang, 2019: 153); bSc shortened and ending into R basad the re-emergence of MP+CuA; fork of CuA very deep and narrow with elongate branches; MP with several distal branches; base of RP far distad base of MP+CuA; RP simple, an elongate and broad cell between RA and RP; area between RA and RP distinctly narrowed in its distal half; and RA with a distal series of curved veinlets between RA and Costa. Szwedo and Huang (2019: 159) proposed the following diagnosis for Eoscarterellinae: tegmen rugose, punctate, evenly rounded, basal portion narrowed; postclaval portion of membrane (tornus) arcuate, postnodal membrane distinctly widened; branch ScP+RA with more than two branches; RA 1 entering anterior margin before level of claval apex; RP separated from common stalk ScP+R at basal ⅓ of tegmen length; veinlet ir (ra-rp) present, sometimes shortened; veinlets rp-mp and mpcua present. All these characters are present in the new fossil. Only the character ‘MP with four terminals’ is not present, as the new fossil has 11 terminals, and four main branches. Eoscarterellinae currently comprise the genera Eoscarterella Evans, 1956 (Late Triassic, Australia), Belmontocarta Evans, 1958 (Late Permian, Australia), Duraznoscarta Lara & Wang, 2016 (Late Triassic, Argentina), Dysmorphoscartella Riek, 1973 (Late Permian, South Africa), and Eoscartoides Evans, 1956 (= Mesonirvana Evans, 1956; Evans, 1956; Late Triassic, Australia). Eoscarterella has branches of CuA shorter and much less branches of MP than in the new fossil; Eoscartoides differs from the new fossil in the basal cell closed with short basal portion of stem CuA (‘arculus’) and stems R and MP leaving basal cell at same point, and less numerous branches of MP and the forked most basal anterior branch of RA (Evans, 1956; Lambkin, 2016). Duraznoscarta has branches of R basad the emergence of RP and much more anterior branches of RA (Lara & Wang, 2016). Dysmorphoscartella lobata Riek, 1973 strongly differs from the new fossil and the other Eoscarterellinae in the presence of an elongate and pectinate first branch of RA+ScP and the postclaval portion of membrane nearly straight (Riek, 1973: fig. 13). Belmontocarta perfecta Evans, 1958 resembles the new fossil, with the following differences: the stems R and MP leaving basal cell at same point vs. stems MP and CuA leaving basal cell at same point, the third veinlet between RA and C is simple vs. forked in the latter, first anterior branch of MP forked basad crossvein rp-mp vs. distad in the latter, first posterior branch of MP forked distad crossvein mp-cua vs. basad in the latter, first posterior branch of MP with only two branches vs. seven along posterior wing margin in the latter (Evans, 1956). Both fossils share the presence of punctuation in the area between C, R, RA and RP. The forewing venations of the species of the hylicellid genus Cycloscytina Martynov, 1926 (Vietocylinae Shcherbakov, 1988) strongly resemble that of the new fossil in the veinlets between RA and C, a crossvein imp present, making the cell C3 closed, and two crossveins rp-mp, making the cell C2 present (as in Vietocycla Shcherbakov, 1988, but unlike the other Hylicellidae Evans, 1956 that have only one or two short crossveins between RA and C (see Evans, 1956; Shcherbakov, 2011, 2012), the shape of the basal cell between RA and RP, two crossveins between RP and MP. Vietocycla strongly differs from Cycloscytina and the new fossil in the presence of anterior branches of R basad emergence of RP and between base of RP and posterior curvature of RA, and in first branch of RA at level of the beginning of this curvature with three branches. The pattern of R/RA in Vietocycla is similar to that of Duraznoscarta. Cycloscytina delutinervia Martynov, 1926 (Late Jurassic) differs from the new fossil by the less numerous branches of MP and shorter branches of CuA, but Cycloscytina fulgoroides (Becker-Migdisova, 1962) (Triassic,originallyin Asiocixius Becker-Migdisova,1962, a genus synonymized with Cycloscytina by Shcherbakov, 1988, but see also Szwedo et al., 2004), has much more branches of MP (even more than in the new fossil) and longer branches of CuA, but supposedly no crossvein ir and only one crossvein rp-mp. Cycloscytina fulgoroides also differs from the new fossil in the aligned forks of MP and CuA. Cycloscytina asiatica (Martynov, 1937) (= Mesocixiella rohdendorfi Becker-Migdisova, 1962) (Early Jurassic), and Cycloscytina extensa (Martynov, 1937) (Early to Middle Jurassic), Cycloscytina korlaensis (Hong, 1983) (Middle Jurassic), and Cycloscytina gobiensis (Shcherbakov, 1988) (Middle to Late Jurassic), have also numerous anterior branches of RA, and share with the new fossil a posterior curvature of main stem of RA. All differ from the latter in the less numerous branches of MP, and the fork of CuA distad the level of that of MP (Martynov, 1937; Becker-Migdisova, 1962; Hong, 1983; Shcherbakov, 1988a, b). Given the traits discussed above, we tentatively placed the fossil in Eoscarterellinae, and raised some questions about taxonomic units. The venation of the Cycloscytina spp. resembles those of the Eoscarterellinae, to the point that we could not find any significant differences, except for the number of branches of RP and MP, characters variable in the genus Cycloscytina and the Eoscarterellinae. It is likely possible that Cycloscytina belongs to the Eoscarterellinae, but only a phylogenetic analysis could help to solve the problem.

Superorder Odonatoptera Lameere, 1900 Family uncertain (Fig. 3A) Material. NIGP 180148, fragment of the costal area of a wing. Remarks. The absence of a kink in ScP and of a distinct nodal furrow strongly suggest that this wing fragment does not belong to Panodonata (sensu Bechly, 1996). Its nodus fits better with that of a ‘Protozygoptera’ of the superfamily Permagrionoidea Tillyard, 1928. These also have aligned nodal crossing and subnodus, numerous postnodal and postsubnodal crossveins, and the base of RP2 distad subnodus, as in this fossil (Nel et al., 2012). But the Permagrionoidea are strictly Permian to date, the presence of a representative of this group in the early Jurassic would be quite surprising. This wing could also correspond to a case of reversal in the nodal structures, somewhat similar to the situation in the Mesozoic anisopteran Aeschnidiidae or the Cenozoic zygopteran Sieblosiidae that have ScP crossing through the nodus (Fleck & Nel, 2003)., Published as part of Wang, Ye-hao, Nel, André, Fu, Yan-zhe, Su, Yi-tong, Cai, Chen-yang, Liu, Yu-ming, Gao, Jian & Huang, Di-ying, 2022, New insect fossils discovered from the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation at the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, NW China, pp. 183-194 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on page 186, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.12, http://zenodo.org/record/6530365, {"references":["Bechly, G. (1996) Morphologische Untersuchungen am Flugelgeader der rezenten Libellen und deren Stammgruppenvertreter (Insecta; Pterygota; Odonata), unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Phylogenetischen Systematik und des Grundplanes der * Odonata. Petalura, Boblingen, Special Volume 2, 402 pp. (Revised edition of the 1995 publication, with an English appendix including a new phylogenetic system of fossil and Recent Odonata).","Nel, A., Prokop, J., Nel, P., Grandcolas, P., Huang, D. Y., Roques, P., Guilbert, E., Dostal, O. & Szwedo, J. (2012) Traits and evolution of wing venation pattern in paraneopteran insects. Journal of Morphology, 273, 480 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 11036","Fleck, G. & Nel, A. (2003) Revision of the Mesozoic family Aeschnidiidae (Odonata: Anisoptera). Zoologica, 153, 1 - 180."]}

Genus Sinoscarterella Nel, Fu & Huang, gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C837B59B-B7BC-4FBD- A306-9D0A4CCF45DB Type species. Sinoscarterella incompleta Nel, Fu & Huang, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the Latin name sina for China, and the suffix ‘ scarterella ’, frequently employed for the fossil eoscarterelline genera. Gender feminine. Diagnosis. Forewing characters only. Forewing rugose, punctate; posterior curvature of main stem of RA; branches of CuA elongate; MP with 11 branches reaching wing margin; no branch of R basad emergence of RP; 5–6 anterior branches of RA; first branch of RA not pectinate; postclaval portion of membrane curved; first anterior branch of MP forked distad crossvein rp-m; first posterior branch of MP forked basad crossvein m-cua; first posterior branch of MP with 11 terminal branches reaching posterior wing margin; first fork of MP distad that of CuA.

Genus Crenoptychoptera Kalugina, 1985 Type species. Crenoptychoptera antica Kalugina, 1985 Included species. The type species and C. bavarica Krzemiński & Ansorge, 1995; C. conspecta Lukashevich, 1995; C. defossa Kalugina, 1985; C. dobbertinensis Ansorge, 1998; C. gaoi sp. nov., C. gronskayae Kalugina, 1989; C. liturata Lukashevich, 2011., Published as part of LIU, YU-MING & HUANG, DI-YING, 2021, A new species of Crenoptychoptera Kalugina, 1985 (Diptera: Ptychopteridae) from the Middle-Late Jurassic of Jiyuan Basin, China, pp. 27-29 in Palaeoentomology 4 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5507690, {"references":["Kalugina, N. S. & Kovalev, V. G. (1985) [Dipterous insects of Jurassic Siberia.] Paleontological Institute, Moscow, 1 - 198. [In Russian]","Krzeminski, W. & Ansorge, J. (1995) New Upper Jurassic Diptera (Limoniidae, Eoptychopteridae) from the Solnhofen Lithographic Limestone (Bavaria, Germany). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde (B), 221, 1 - 7.","Lukashevich, E. D. (1995) First pupae of the Eoptychopteridae and Ptychopteridae from the Mesozoic of Siberia (Insecta: Diptera). Paleontological Journal, 29, 164 - 171.","Lukashevich, E. D. (2011) New nematocerans (Insecta: Diptera) from the Late Jurassic of Mongolia. Paleontological Journal, 45, 620 - 628. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030111060098"]}

Crenoptychoptera gaoi sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Material. Holotype (NIGP174354), a nearly complete right wing. Etymology. The specific epithet is dedicated to Jian Gao, who collected the holotype of the species. 3+4 3+4 Diagnosis. Wing with typical Crenoptychoptera venation. Sc ending proximal to the furcation of R 4+5; darken area occupying half-length of R 1, reaching level of r-m; R 1+2 considerably short, ca. twice length of R 2; R 2 slightly anteriorly curved at its apex; apical part of R 3, R 4 and R 5 posteriorly curved; crossvein m-m nearly perpendicular to M; m-cu and bM of equal lengths. Type locality and horizon. Yangshuzhuang Formation near Anyao Village, Chengliu Township, Jiyuan City, Henan Province, China; earliest Late Jurassic. Description. Wing 14.2 mm long, 2.9 mm wide (as preserved). Pterostigma along distal part of R1 and R2. Base of Rs at 20% of wing length, length of Rs approximately 1.4× length of R 4+5 stem; R 3 about 0.7× length of R 2+3; R 4+5 ramified symmetrically, R 4 parallel with R 5 in whole length, R 4 and R 5 about twice as long as R 4+5. Crossvein r-m connected with Rs, slightly distal to bifurcation of R3 and R 4+5 and located at same level with m–cu. Discal cell long and narrow, about five times as long as wide. M 1+ 2 in straight prolongation of M stem, M1 and M2 thinner and paler than other veins; crossvein m-m slightly curved, joining M 2 close to its base. Anal area partly preserved.

Crenoptychoptera gaoi sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Material. Holotype (NIGP174354), a nearly complete right wing. Etymology. The specific epithet is dedicated to Jian Gao, who collected the holotype of the species. 3+4 3+4 Diagnosis. Wing with typical Crenoptychoptera venation. Sc ending proximal to the furcation of R 4+5; darken area occupying half-length of R 1, reaching level of r-m; R 1+2 considerably short, ca. twice length of R 2; R 2 slightly anteriorly curved at its apex; apical part of R 3, R 4 and R 5 posteriorly curved; crossvein m-m nearly perpendicular to M; m-cu and bM of equal lengths. Type locality and horizon. Yangshuzhuang Formation near Anyao Village, Chengliu Township, Jiyuan City, Henan Province, China; earliest Late Jurassic. Description. Wing 14.2 mm long, 2.9 mm wide (as preserved). Pterostigma along distal part of R1 and R2. Base of Rs at 20% of wing length, length of Rs approximately 1.4× length of R 4+5 stem; R 3 about 0.7× length of R 2+3; R 4+5 ramified symmetrically, R 4 parallel with R 5 in whole length, R 4 and R 5 about twice as long as R 4+5. Crossvein r-m connected with Rs, slightly distal to bifurcation of R3 and R 4+5 and located at same level with m–cu. Discal cell long and narrow, about five times as long as wide. M 1+ 2 in straight prolongation of M stem, M1 and M2 thinner and paler than other veins; crossvein m-m slightly curved, joining M 2 close to its base. Anal area partly preserved., Published as part of LIU, YU-MING & HUANG, DI-YING, 2021, A new species of Crenoptychoptera Kalugina, 1985 (Diptera: Ptychopteridae) from the Middle-Late Jurassic of Jiyuan Basin, China, pp. 27-29 in Palaeoentomology 4 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5507690

LIU, YU-MING, HUANG, DI-YING (2021): A new species of Crenoptychoptera Kalugina, 1985 (Diptera: Ptychopteridae) from the Middle-Late Jurassic of Jiyuan Basin, China. Palaeoentomology 4 (1): 27-29, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.5