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Scolytus unicornis Cao, Petrov&Wang sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 925E89A6-E720-4A40-A381-6E803615FED4 Type material. Holotype, male, China. Yunnan Province, Jinghong City, Menghai County, Naban River Nature Reserve, Guomen Mountain, alt. 1000 m, N 22.25°, E 100.61°, from Ulmus sp., 28 June 2022; Y. F. Cao. Holotype deposited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China. Allotype: female, the same data as the holotype. Deposited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Paratypes (2 ♁, 3♀): the same collection data as the holotype. Paratypes were deposited in the Laboratory of Biologic Invasive of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang (1♁, 2♀); Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China (1♁, 1♀). Diagnosis. (Fig. 1 A–F). The new species is closely related to S. squamosus Yin & Huang, but can be distinguished by its larger body size and the frontal tubercle of female. In previous records, the females of only two Palearctic species, S. major Stebbing and S. gretschkini Sokanovskiy, had a median frontal tubercle above the epistoma (Mandelshtam & Petrov 2010; Petrov 2019). However, the ventrite 2 of S. unicornis has a large spine that can be clearly distinguished from the first two (Petrov & Mandelshtam 2010). Description. (Fig. 1 A–F). Male, total length 3.8–4.2 mm long (mean = 4.0; n = 3), 2.12 times as long as wide (paratypes 2.13). Head and pronotum black; antennae reddish brown; legs, elytra, and abdomen reddish brown to dark brown. Head. Frons flat, surface shiny. Vertex fine, moderately dense punctures with a narrow, shallow, longitudinal gutter in the middle. Frons surface with smooth middle part having shallow punctures; space between punctures equal to four times that of the puncture diameter; lateral areas under the eyes with long bristle-like setae, apices of bristles incurved and directed towards middle of frons. Epistoma with deep longitudinally aciculate lines covered by sparse short yellow hairs; epistomal margin above mandibles strongly incurved towards central portion of the frons, with a pair of erect pointed brushes of dense setae. Antennal scape flattened, elongate, club irregularly ovoid, setose with partial septum, two sharply arcuate sutures visible. Pronotum. Pronotum 0.95 times as long as wide, strongly constricted toward apex, widest at base, forming weak transverse impression near apical margin, base weakly bisinuate. Surface smooth, shining, punctures on central portion of disc fine, shallow, moderately dense, space between punctures equal to four times that of point diameters, punctures larger and dense laterally and on apical constriction. Apical and anterolateral margins bearing sparse, erect, yellow, hairlike setae. Elytra. 1.13 times as long as wide (paratypes 1.11), 1.30 times as long as pronotum (paratypes 1.32). Sides subparallel on apical half, evenly rounded on apex. Disc punctured by straight rows of deep punctures, distance between punctures equal to double that of point diameters. Interstriae greater than twice width of striae, weakly impressed, with straight rows of small points, distance between punctures equal to four times that of points diameters. Declivity bearing sparse, short, erect yellow scaly setae, elytra apex slit along both sides with few, long, erect yellow setae. Metepimeron greater than half-length of the metepisternum. Abdomen. Suture on the posterior margin of ventrite 1 slightly thickened. Ventrite 2 nearly perpendicular to ventrite 1, surface shining with slightly large punctures; setae moderately dense, scaly, short, erect. Large median spine is situated in the middle of ventrite 2 base, its length is almost the same length as ventrite 1, apex of the spine is pointed and bent up; suture on the posterior margin of ventrite 2 not thickened, but only weakly elevated relative to the base of the next ventrite. Sutures on the posterior margin of ventrites 3 and 4 weakly elevated relative to the base of the next ventrite. Ventrite 5 is black colored and is a half-elliptical shape; length of ventrite 5 greater than the combined lengths of ventrites 3 and 4. Genitalia. (Figs. 2 A–C). Aedeagus 0.85 mm long, moderately stout, weakly sclerotized. Penis apodemes are a little longer than penis body. Small grains concentrated in the middle of penis apodemes. The apical part of penis is narrow and elongate. Gastric spiculum about 0.67 mm long, curving with two forks. Tegmen is short Y-shape. Female. (Figs. 1 G–L). 4.3–4.4 mm long (mean = 4.37; n = 4); 2.2–2.4 times as long as wide. Similar to male except that the frons is convex, the slightly raised blunt tubercle above epistoma, central portion of frons punctured by deep points, long bristle-like setae under the eye lateral areas sparser than male (Figs. 3); pronotum as long as wide; apex of spine on ventrite 2 is situated at the same horizontal level as its base. Etymology. The species name makes reference to the tubercle of the allotype female frons. Sequence Data. The DNA was extracted from a paratype specimen collected from the same elm tree (GenBank: COI, Accession No. LC 739369; 28S, Accession No. LC 739367; CAD, Accession No. LC 739368). Biology. S. unicornis is a typical bark beetle, this species is monogamous. On June 28, 2022, the adults were found on the tree trunks of Ulmus sp. that were between 5 and 9 cm in diameter. A small series, consisting of a few adults, was collected by bark dissection. The galleries (Fig. 2) consisted of a single longitudinal egg gallery (about 4.0 cm long) with a large nuptial chamber. The egg gallery strongly scored the sapwood; the larval mine (about 5 cm long) lightly scored the sapwood and extended radially to both sides. It is noteworthy that the type of S. squamosus was also found in the sampled individual elm tree., Published as part of Cao, Yufeng, Yu, Guangyu, Petrov, Alexander V., Li, You, Li, Ting, Tarno, Hagus, Cao, Guanghong, Xu, Ye & Wang, Jianguo, 2023, A new species of Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Yunnan, China, pp. 185-191 in Zootaxa 5284 (1) on pages 186-189, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7919121, {"references":["Mandelshtam, M. Y. & Petrov, A. V. (2010) Scolytus stepheni sp. n. - a new species of bark-beetle (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Northern India with a key to Indian Scolytus Geoffroy, 1762 species. ZooKeys, 56, 171 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 56.524","Petrov, A. V., Mandelshtam, M. Y. & Beaver, R. A. (2019) A key to species of the tribe Scolytini Latreille, 1804 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Russia and adjacent countries. Russian Entomological Journal, 28 (3), 286 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 28.3.08"]}

Premnophilus wilsoni Atkinson & Flechtmann, new species Fig. 11 A–D urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A1FB40E2-9D70-4C25-9C2E-01059964E191 Diagnosis. This species differs from other species in that the declivity is completely flattened with a rounded, circumdeclivital margin. Specimens from Peru differ slightly in the pattern of declivital vestiture. Female. Total length: 1.31 mm, maximum width: 0.49, length of elytra: 0.69 mm, total length / width: 2.67, elytra length / width: 1.41, pronotal length / width: 1.27 (n=1). Color yellowish brown. Frons reticulate, with small, shallow punctures, these widely separated and with short, erect setae. A weakly elevated, shining, longitudinal carina runs from well above the eyes to the middle of the frons, not reaching the epistoma. First segment of anterior face of antennal club corneus, bisinuate, middle portion not reaching middle of club; distal part densely pubescent without visible sutures; pubescent area not reaching base of antennal laterally. Posterior face with corneous portion occupying 3/4 club length, pubescent distally, lateral areas not pubescent. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, asperities on its leading edge not larger than those on the rest of the anterior slope. Summit slightly anterior to middle, asperities short, with about 3 their thickness, becoming wider and confluent towards summit. Pronotal disc shining, faintly reticulate; punctures shallow, small, widely spaced. Sparse erect setae on disc, spaced by about their length. Elytral disc shining, smooth. Striae not impressed, punctures shallow, with short recumbent setae. Interstriae about 2 width of striae with mostly uniseriate erect setae, their length slightly longer than the interstrial width. All interstriae becoming granulate at the base of the declivity. Declivity occupying 25% of declivital length in lateral view; steep, with face flattened from the base to the apex. A rounded posterolateral marginal elevation is present in a nearly complete circle from the base to the apex. Margins of interstria 1 raised along suture. The entire declivital face is covered with confused punctures, setae and granules, all of which are uniform in size and distribution. Setae on upper and lateral areas of declivity with longer, stouter setae. Male. Unknown. Type Material. Holotype, female, Brazil: Amapá, Tartarugalzinho, Comunidade Entre Rios—Projeto de Assentamento Cedro, Retiro Paraíba, 17′32″ N, 5118′34″ W, 122 m, 11–XII–2014, ethanol-baited FIT, Amazonian terra firme forest fragment, W.R. Silva (MEFEIS). Paratypes, females: Brazil: Amazonas, Manaus, 225′ S, 5950′ W, III-1994, Winkler extraction of leaf litter, terra firme forest, R. Didham (NHMUK, 1); French Guiana: Paracou (Res. Station?), XI-1996, canopy window trap, P.G. Hammond (NHMUK, 1); Peru: Junin, 15 km NW Satipo, near Rio Venado village, 1111′52.0′′S 7446′12.5′W, elev.~ 1165 m, 18-II-2013, window trap, A.V. Petrov leg (APP, 2; ZMM, 1). Distribution. Interior Amazonian and northeastern costal region of South America (Fig. 12F). Etymology. This species is named for Wilson Silva, the collector of this species and in recognition of his collecting efforts in the Amazonian state of Amapá., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on pages 87-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313

Genus Premnophilus Browne, 1962 Premnophlius Browne, 1962: 79 Type species. Xyleborus joveri Schedl, 1951: 41 [= Xyleborus quadrispinosus Schedl, 1938: 461; synonymy Schedl 1963: 558]; original designation. Taxonomic comments. Schedl (1964: 52) treated Premnophlius as a synonym of Premnobius. Cognato (2013) removed Premnophilus from synonymy with Premnobius. He included the two Afrotropical species originally placed there by Browne and also indicated that there was an unnamed species from Guyana. Distribution. At present, two species are known from the Afrotropical region and seven new Neotropical species are described here. The American species are all known from tropical rain forest areas of the Amazon Basin and northeastern Atlantic coast. Biology. Browne (1962) noted that Premnophilus quadrispinosus (Schedl) has an ambrosial habit. All other species, including the newly described Neotropical ones have been collected in traps or canopy fogging and nothing is known of their habits, thought they are presumed to be ambrosia beetles., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313, {"references":["Browne, F. G. (1962) Two new genera of the Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Report of the West African Timber Research Unit, 5, 75 - 80.","Schedl, K. E. (1951) Fauna Aethiopica, VI. 117 Contribution. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, 18 (1), 40 - 42.","Schedl, K. E. (1938) Scolytidae und Platypodidae. 41. Beitrag. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 23 (2), 459 - 464.","Schedl, K. E. (1963) Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique, 5, 1 - 594.","Schedl, K. E. (1964) West African bark and timber beetles, I. 214 Contribution. Reichenbachia, 4 (8), 39 - 52.","Cognato, A. I. (2013) Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic review of Premnobiini Browne, 1962 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 1, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fevo. 2013.00001"]}

Premnophilus bertii Atkinson & Flechtmann, new species Fig. 6 A–D urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6E1C9795-4092-410A-B870-CC8ECFF7438D Diagnosis. This species and P. maiai differ from those previously described here in that the declivity is clearly sulcate, with a rounded margin from the declivital apex almost to its base which bears 2 or 3 denticles. There are no granules on the declivital face. Female. Total length: 1.81 mm, maximum width: 0.66, length of elytra: 0.99 mm, total length / width: 2.74, elytra length / width: 1.50, pronotal length / width: 1.24 (n=1). Color reddish brown. Frons reticulate, with small, shallow punctures, these widely spaced, some with erect setae slightly longer than the distance between punctures. Punctures becoming granulate near epistoma. A weakly elevated, longitudinal carina runs from well above the eyes to the epistomal margin. First segment of anterior face of antennal club corneus, bisinuate, middle portion not reaching middle of club; distal part densely pubescent without visible sutures; pubescent area not reaching base of antennal laterally. Posterior face with corneous portion occupying 3/4 club length, pubescent distally, lateral areas not pubescent. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, asperities on its leading edge slightly larger than those on the rest of the anterior slope. Summit slightly anterior to middle, asperities short, with about 3 their thickness, becoming wider and confluent towards summit. Pronotal disc shining; punctures shallow, small, widely spaced. Erect setae on disc, spaced by about their length. Elytral disc shining, smooth. Striae not impressed, punctures shallow, with short recumbent setae. Interstriae about 2 width of striae with mostly uniseriate erect setae, their length slightly longer than interstrial width. Interstriae becoming weakly granulate near base of declivity. Declivity abrupt, steep occupying 20% of declivital length in lateral view; steep, with face sulcate from the base to the apex. A rounded posterolateral marginal elevation is present on the declivity from apex to near the base. Declivity narrowly concave in center of declivity between interstria 3, narrowed posteriorly. Strial punctures and interstrial setae present on declivital face. Two small, acute denticles are present on rounded declivital margin, one near base on interstria 2 and a larger one near the middle on interstria 3. Male. Unknown. Type Material. Holotype, female, Brazil: Amazonas: São Sebastião do Uatumã, Reserva Biológica do Uatumã, 4–II– 2010, 148′18″ S, 5915′5″ W, 18–II–2010, unbaited flight intercept trap, R.S.L. Abreu, ombrophilous dense forest (MEFEIS). Distribution. Known only from the lower Amazon Basin in tropical rain forest (Fig. 12F). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Evoneo Berti Filho, retired professor at the Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba campus, São Paulo, Brazil who was the first to do research on Scolytinae in reforested areas in the state of São Paulo., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313

Premnobius ambitiosus (Schaufuss) Fig. 5 C,D Xyleborus ambitiosus Schaufuss, 1897: 109. Premnobius ambitiosus (Schaufuss): Eggers 1922: 173. Premnobius cavipennis spinosus Hagedorn, 1908: 376. Synonymy: Eggers 1922: 173. Premnobius brasiliensis Nunberg, 1960: 490. Synonymy: Schedl 1960: 107. Similar species. This is the largest and most robust species found in the Neotropical region. It most closely resembles P. cavipennis, but is much larger. Diagnosis. Length 3.0– 3.3 mm, 3.0 × as long as wide (Wood 2007: 368). Color dark reddish brown, body covered with fine, short pubescence. Frons granulate-punctate, with a faint longitudinal carina extending to the epistoma. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, without marginal teeth. Pronotal summit slightly before middle, anterior asperities small and irregular. Elytral disc with interstriae 4 × as wide as striae, striae not impressed. Vestiture of recumbent strial setae, with mostly uniseriate strial setae, these becoming longer and stouter posteriorly. Declivity occupying about 40% of elytral length, the basal portion of first interstriae depressed; raised posterolateral crest beginning on interstria 2 and continuing to apex. Declivital face weakly concave, with large confused strial and interstrial punctures, pubescence absent. Crest with irregular denticles throughout. Longest near middle, toothlike, slightly incurved; a much smaller tooth at base of declivity on interstria 3. Marginal teeth and denticles on crest shorter than surrounding pubescence. Distribution: Introduced from the Afrotropical region. The earliest collection records in Colombia and Brazil are from 1958. Widely distributed in South America and Panama to south-central Brazil (Fig. 12 B). This is a large and distinctive species and it is surprising that there are so few records., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on pages 73-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313, {"references":["Schaufuss, C. F. C. (1897) Borkenkafer-Studien. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 42 (1 - 2), 101 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18970420109","Eggers, H. (1922) Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika. Entomologische Blatter, 18, 163 - 174.","Hagedorn, J. M. (1908) Diagnosen bisher unbesscriebener Borkenkafer (Col.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 3, 369 - 382. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019080310","Schedl, K. E. (1960) Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer, V. 181. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Entomologische Blatter, 56, 103 - 112.","Wood, S. L. (2007) Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Science Museum, Provo, Utah, 900 pp."]}

Premnobius flechtmanni (Wood) Fig. 4 E, F Acanthotomicus flechtmanni Wood, 2007: 337. Premnobius flechtmanni (Wood): Atkinson et al. 2018: 3. Similar species. This species closely resembles P. neoadjunctus. At present very few specimens of either species have been collected. Further collection is needed to determine whether these are distinct species. Diagnosis. Length 2.0 mm, 3.0 as long as wide (Wood 2007: 337). Frons reticulate in center, punctate laterally. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, with 8–10 small teeth along margin. Pronotal summit about 33% of pronotal length. Disc shining, with shallow, widely spaced punctures and very short, erect setae, their length less than distance between punctures. Striae on disc not impressed, interstriae 3 as wide as striae. Interstrial setae uniseriate, their length slightly longer than interstrial width, longer and stouter on odd-numbered interstriae, becoming longer posteriorly. Declivity occupying 33% of elytral length, shallowly concave. Raised, acute declivital crest extending from interstria 4 to apex. A small, acute denticle present on interstria 2 at base of declivity; a larger one on interstria 4, displaced mesally from crest, and a quadrate, blunt, flattened projection near middle of declivity, also displaced mesally from crest. Punctures on declivital face confused, some long setae present on face extending from crest to mid line anterior to quadrate projections. Distribution. All collection localities are from southern interior Brazil, in forests that are drier than those of the coast and Amazon Basin (Fig. 12D). New Records. Brazil: Mato Grosso, Sorriso, Fazenda Anastácia, 1231′5.43″S 5541′24.15″W, 19-V-2021, ethanol-baited FIT, stand reforested with native trees in Dec2016, with predominance of Parapiptadenia rigida, O.T. Dall’Oglio (MEFEIS, 1).

Premnobius assiduus (Schedl) Fig. 4 G–H Xyleborus assiduus Schedl, 1961: 228. Coptoborus assiduus (Schedl): Wood & Bright 1992: 662. Gnathotrupes assiduus (Schedl): Wood 2007: 671. Premnobius assiduus (Schedl): Atkinson et al. 2018: 2. Similar species. This species most closely resembles P. perezdelacrucei in that both are very elongate with particularly long pronota. Diagnosis. Length 1.80–2.25 mm, 3.6–4.4 × as long as wide (Atkinson et al. 2018: 2). Frons with small, sparse punctures, vestiture more abundant laterally and on epistoma. Pronotum elongate, almost 2 × as long as wide; summit well before middle, anterior slope steep, disc about 75% of pronotal length, shining, punctures fine, vestiture sparse. Strial punctures on elytral disc not impressed, interstriae about 2 × as wide as striae. Interstrial setae fine, uniseriate, length slightly longer than interstrial width, becoming longer towards declivity. Declivity occupying 33% length of elytra, shallowly concave, with an elevated crest from interstria 4 to apex, transition gradual anteriorly. Armature consisting of digitate projection on crest at interstria 4, its length 3 × its width at base; a larger quadrate, blunt projection, laterally compressed, slightly displaced mesad from crest on lower fourth; small, irregular granules also present. Punctures confused on declivital face, deeper than those on disc, some short, slender setae, these shorter than those near declivital crest. Distribution. Northern South America and Amazon Basin (Fig. 12D). New Records. Brazil: Amazonas, Manaus, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Campus Senador Arthur Virgilio Filho, 35.57′ S, 5957.674′W, 24-VI-2021, ethanol-baited FIT, E.A.C. Corrêa, dense ombrophilus forest (MEFEIS, 1); Venezuela, Mérida, 20 km SW El Vigía, 50 m, 10-XII-1989, tree seedling, collection 180, S.L. Wood (USNM, 1, in unidentified material in Wood collection)., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313, {"references":["Schedl, K. E. (1961) New species of bark and timber beetles from the Neotropical region. 186. Contribution. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 37, 223 - 233.","Wood, S. L. & Bright, D. E. (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 13, 1 - 1553.","Wood, S. L. (2007) Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Science Museum, Provo, Utah, 900 pp.","Atkinson, T. H., Petrov, A. V. & Flechtmann, C. A. H. (2018) New records and combinations in Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) with an illustrated key to New World species. Insecta Mundi, 658, 1 - 11. [https: // journals. flvc. org / mundi / article / view / 0658]"]}

Premnobius perezdelacrucei Petrov & Atkinson Fig. 4 C, D Premnobius perezdelacrucei Petrov & Atkinson, 2018: 42. Gnathotrupes megapunctatus Bright, 2019: 410. New synonymy. Similar species. Among the American species this most closely resembles P. assiduus. Diagnosis. Length 2.45 mm, 4 as long as wide (Petrov & Atkinson 2018: 42). Very slender, with proportionately elongate pronotum. Frons shining, weakly reticulate, with sparse setae. Pronotum elongate, 80% as long as elytra; anterior margin rounded, weakly elevated with small asperities; summit located about 25% of length from anterior margin. Disc smooth, shining, with shallow, sparse punctures; vestiture a mixture of taller and shorter erect setae. Elytral striae not impressed, interstriae 2 width of striae; vestiture of erect setae, length greater than width of interstriae, mostly uniseriate, about twice as long at base of declivity. Declivity occupying posterior 33% of elytral length. A raised posterolateral crest present from interstria 4 to apex, transition gradual above. Declivity with a small, sharp tooth near base on interstria 3, displaced mesally from declivital margin; a laterally flattened, apically rounded projection on crest about 2/3 of the distance to apex, its basal length greater than its height. New Records. Brazil: Bahia, Una, Fazenda Vera Cruz, 1518′24″ S 3909′30″W, 24-II-2013, ethanol-baited, cocoa cabruca agroforestry system, S. Novais (MEFEIS, 1); Minas Gerais, Capinópolis, Fazenda Grama, 1846′7.32″S 4928′38.65″W, 16-III-2020, 30-III-2020, ethanol-baited FIT, Khaya grandifoliola stand planted IX-2015, C.F. Faria (MEFEIS, 2); same general locality, 1846′6.18″S 4928′51.59″W, 10-III-2020, ethanol-baited, Khaya grandifoliola stand planted IX-2014, C.F. Faria (MEFEIS, 1); French Guiana: Paracou (Res. Station?), XI-1996, canopy window trap, P.G. Hammond (NHMUK, 1). Distribution. Widely distributed from southeastern Mexico and the Dominican Republic to southern Brazil (Fig. 12C)., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313, {"references":["Atkinson, T. H., Petrov, A. V. & Flechtmann, C. A. H. (2018) New records and combinations in Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) with an illustrated key to New World species. Insecta Mundi, 658, 1 - 11. [https: // journals. flvc. org / mundi / article / view / 0658]"]}

Premnobius cavipennis Eichhoff Fig. 5 E, F Premnobius cavipennis Eichhoff, 1878: 404. Xyleborus industrius Sampson, 1912: 249. Synonymy: Schedl 1963: 538. Xyleborus xylocranellus Schedl, 1931: 344. Synonymy: Browne 1961: 50. Premnobius bituberculatus Eggers, 1932: 35. Synonymy: Schedl 1963: 538. Premnobius latior Eggers, 1933: 35. Synonymy: Wood 1967: 210. Similar species. Among the species found in the Americas, this most closely resembles P. ambitiosus. Diagnosis. Length 2.3–2.8 mm, 3.3 as long as wide (Wood 2007: 368). Frons granulate, punctate, vestiture sparse. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, unarmed. Pronotum about half as long as elytra, summit slightly anterior to middle, anterior asperities short, abundant. Disc shining, with shallow widely spaced puncture; short, semi-recumbent setae. Elytral striae not impressed; interstriae 3 as wide as striae; interstrial setae confused to base, length shorter than interstrial width, slightly more abundant near declivity. Declivity occupying posterior 25% of elytral with a nearly complete circumdeclivital elevated crest, granulate along crest, none notably larger than others. Face of declivity concave, strial and interstrial punctures much larger than those on disc, confused, some along sutural interstriae granulate; some setae present, notably along suture. Distribution. Introduced from the Afrotropical region. It is widely distributed in most tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas (Fig. 12A). It is commonly collected in light traps and flight intercept traps baited with ethanol., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313, {"references":["Eichhoff, W. J. (1878) Ratio, descriptio, emendatio eorum Tomicinorum qui sunt in Dr. Medin. Chapuisi et autoris ipsius collectionibus et quos praeterea recognovit. Memoires de la Societ Royale des Sciences de Liege, 8 (2), 1 - 531.","Sampson, F. W. (1912) Some new species of Ipidae and Platypodidae in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 10, 245 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931208693228","Schedl, K. E. (1963) Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique, 5, 1 - 594.","Schedl, K. E. (1931) Notes on the genus Xyleborus Eichh. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 8, 339 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933108673402","Eggers, H. (1932) Neue Borkenkfer (Ipidae, Col.) aus Afrika (Nachtrag IV). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 22 (1), 23 - 37.","Eggers, H. (1933) Borkenkfer (Ipidae, Col.) aus Sdamerika, VI. Material des Musum Paris aus Franz. Guayana und Venezuela. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Entomologie du Musum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1, 1 - 37.","Wood, S. L. (1967) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part IV. Great Basin Naturalist, 37 (2), 207 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 10527","Wood, S. L. (2007) Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Science Museum, Provo, Utah, 900 pp."]}

Key to American species of Premnobius (females only) The following key will distinguish females of all species of Premnobius known from the Americas, both native and exotic. 1 Declivity with a pair of quadrate spines on lower lateral margins, their height subequal to width at base; spines on lateral margins often blunt or digitate (Fig. 4 A–H)................................................................ 2 - Declivity without pair of quadrate spines on lower margins; all granules or spines on lateral margins acutely pointed or digitate (Fig. 5 A–F)......................................................................................... 5 2 Pronotum not elongate, length 1/4 of body length; quadrate elevation near middle of declivity in lateral view (Fig. 4 A,B,E,F)................................................................................................... 3 - Pronotum elongate, length 1/3 of body length; quadrate elevations on posterior 1/3 of declivity in lateral view (Figs. 4 C,D, G–H)............................................................................................... 4 3 Quadrate elevation thickened basally, displaced medially from posterolateral crest; prominent, acute granules at base of declivity on interstriae 2 and 4 (Fig. 4 A,B)......................................................... flechtmanni (Wood) - Quadrate elevation not thickened, on posterolateral crest, granules at base of declivity inconspicuous (Fig. 4 E,F)............................................................................................ neoadjunctus (Schedl) 4 Acute denticle near base of declivity on interstria 3 short, displaced medially from declivital crest; length 3 mm (Fig. 4 C,D)......................................................................... perezdelacrucei Petrov & Atkinson - Acute denticle near base of declivity on interstria 3 digitate, nearly as long as quadrate process, on declivital crest; length 2 mm Fig. 4 G,H)............................................................................. assiduus (Schedl) 5 Large digitate spine near apex of declivity, its length at least 3 its basal diameter (Fig. 5 A–B).................................................................................................... brownei Atkinson & Flechtmann - Declivital margin without large spines near apex, either without large spines or largest spines near midpoint of declivity (Fig. 5 A–D)............................................................................................... 6 6 Interstria 1 on declivity with a row of small pointed tubercles; raised lateral margin of declivity with small pointed granules; transition from elytral disc to declivity pronounced, not gradual (Fig. 5 A,B)....................... cavipennis Eichhoff - Interstria 1 on declivity without any granules; several large, pointed tubercles near base and midpoint of declivity on lateral margin; base of declivity extends gradually anteriorad at base along insterstria 1 (Fig. 5, C,D)....... ambitiosus (Schaufuss)

Premnobius flechtmanni (Wood) Fig. 4 E, F Acanthotomicus flechtmanni Wood, 2007: 337. Premnobius flechtmanni (Wood): Atkinson et al. 2018: 3. Similar species. This species closely resembles P. neoadjunctus. At present very few specimens of either species have been collected. Further collection is needed to determine whether these are distinct species. Diagnosis. Length 2.0 mm, 3.0 as long as wide (Wood 2007: 337). Frons reticulate in center, punctate laterally. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, with 8–10 small teeth along margin. Pronotal summit about 33% of pronotal length. Disc shining, with shallow, widely spaced punctures and very short, erect setae, their length less than distance between punctures. Striae on disc not impressed, interstriae 3 as wide as striae. Interstrial setae uniseriate, their length slightly longer than interstrial width, longer and stouter on odd-numbered interstriae, becoming longer posteriorly. Declivity occupying 33% of elytral length, shallowly concave. Raised, acute declivital crest extending from interstria 4 to apex. A small, acute denticle present on interstria 2 at base of declivity; a larger one on interstria 4, displaced mesally from crest, and a quadrate, blunt, flattened projection near middle of declivity, also displaced mesally from crest. Punctures on declivital face confused, some long setae present on face extending from crest to mid line anterior to quadrate projections. Distribution. All collection localities are from southern interior Brazil, in forests that are drier than those of the coast and Amazon Basin (Fig. 12D). New Records. Brazil: Mato Grosso, Sorriso, Fazenda Anastácia, 1231′5.43″S 5541′24.15″W, 19-V-2021, ethanol-baited FIT, stand reforested with native trees in Dec2016, with predominance of Parapiptadenia rigida, O.T. Dall’Oglio (MEFEIS, 1)., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on pages 76-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313, {"references":["Wood, S. L. (2007) Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Science Museum, Provo, Utah, 900 pp.","Atkinson, T. H., Petrov, A. V. & Flechtmann, C. A. H. (2018) New records and combinations in Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) with an illustrated key to New World species. Insecta Mundi, 658, 1 - 11. [https: // journals. flvc. org / mundi / article / view / 0658]"]}

Key to American species of Premnophilus (females only) 1 Posterolateral margin of declivity not raised, declivital face flattened or sulcate, marginal denticles absent (Figs. 7 E, 9 E, 10 E, 12 E)............................................................................................... 2 - Posterolateral margin of declivity raised, rounded, declivital face concave, marginal denticles present (Figs. 6 E, 8 E)...... 5 2 Declivital face flattened, all denticles confused, uniform in size (Figs. 11 E) wilsoni Atkinson & Flechtmann - Declivital face weakly sulcate at base, denticles on interstria 1 generally larger than others, uniseriate (Fig. 7 E, 9 E, 10 E).. 3 3 Vestiture on elytral disc mostly absent, granules on interstria 1 of declivity not noticeably larger than others (Fig. 8)................................................................................................. jordali Petrov - Vestiture on elytral disc abundant to base, granules on interstria 1 clearly larger than others........................... 4 4 Declivity sulcate from base to apex, margin elevated in middle (lateral view), apex truncate, larger granules only on interstria 1 (Fig. 11).............................................................. sarahsmithae Atkinson & Flechtmann - Declivity weakly sulcate at base, margin not elevated in middle (lateral view), apex appearing acute, larger granules on interstria 1 as well as on other interstriae at apex (Fig. 10).................................. pedrosai Atkinson & Flechtmann 5 Smaller (1.8 mm), declivity narrowly concave, with a small granule on the declivital margin near the base and a similar one near the apex (Fig. 6)............................................................... bertii Atkinson & Flechtmann - Larger (2.1 mm), declivity more broadly concave, with an acute denticle on the declivital margin near the base and two closely spaced denticles near the apex (Fig. 8).............................................. maiai Atkinson & Flechtmann, Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313

Premnobius brownei Atkinson & Flechtmann, new species Fig. 3 A–D urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5C796C45-7F67-4165-83BD-7EFAE7572484 Diagnosis: Among the American species P. brownei is unique in that the large process on the declivital crest is elongate and digitate, rather than quadrate.. Female. Total length: 1.13 mm, maximum width: 0.35, length of elytra: 0.65 mm, total length / width: 3.23, elytra length / width: 1.86, pronotal length / width: 1.37 (n=1). Color dark reddish brown, darker on posterior half and declivity. Frons smooth, shining, surface shallowly punctured, punctures separated by 3 their diameters, a weak longitudinal carina evident from above the upper level of the eyes to the epistoma. First segment of the anterior face of the antennal club corneous, strongly procurved, extending to middle of club; remainder of anterior face pubescent with two procurved sutures visible. Corneous first segment of club displaced distally on posterior face, extending above middle; distal pubescent area with two sutures visible distally and laterally. Pronotum bluntly rounded anteriorly, with ten slightly raised, uniform asperities along margin. Summit anterior to middle, asperities slightly wider than thick, decreasing in size posteriorly. Disc smooth, shining with sparse, short setae, separated by greater than their length. Elytral disc shining, smooth. Striae not impressed on elytral disc, punctures uniseriate with short, recumbent setae. Interstriae 3 as wide as striae, with slightly confused, erect setae, similar in size to those on pronotal disc, shorter than width of interstriae. Declivity gradual, concave, occupying 35% of elytral length in lateral view. Posterolateral margin raised from apex, nearly to base, widest in middle, narrowed behind. Interstria 1 above base with a row of small uniseriate denticles; most other interstriae with some granules near base of declivity. Interstria 2 with small acute denticles at base of declivity. A larger, digitate tubercle is located on the elevated margin about 1/3 of the distance to the apex. The largest digitate projection on the lateral margin is near the apex and twice as long as the middle projection. Confused strial punctures and setae are visible on the declivital face. Male. Unknown. Type Material. Holotype, female, Brazil: Bahia: Vitória da Conquista, UESB campus, 1452′48″ S, 4047′37″ W, 891 m, 7–VI–2019, ethanol-baited, L.C. Oliveira, disturbed seasonal montane forest fragment (MEFEIS). Distribution. Known only from the type locality in eastern Brazil (Fig. 12D). Etymology. This species is named in honor of F.G. Browne for his work on the Premnobiina., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on pages 74-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313

Premnobius neoadjunctus (Schedl) Fig. 4 A, B Xyleborus neoadjunctus Schedl, 1967: 13 Coptoborus neoadjunctus (Schedl): Wood & Bright 1992: 663. Gnathotrupes neoadjunctus (Schedl): Wood 2007: 670. Premnobius neoadjunctus (Schedl): Atkinson et al. 2018: 3. Similar species. This species most resembles P. flechtmanni in that both have only a single blunt projection on the declivital crest without additional tubercles. Diagnosis. Length 2.8 mm, 3 as long as wide (Wood 2007: 670). Frons granulate-punctate. Anterior margin of pronotum subtruncate, unarmed. Pronotum with summit at anterior third, disc shining with moderately deep punctures, separated by 3–4 their diameters, vestiture of short, fine, erect setae, longer laterally. Striae on disc not impressed; interstriae 3 as wide of striae. Uniseriate interstrial setae fine, about as long as width of interstriae, becoming much longer posteriorly near declivital crest. Declivity occupying posterior third of elytra, concave, with an elevated crest from interstria 4 to apex, transition gradual at base. Declivital crest irregularly granulate, with a quadrate, blunt, laterally compressed process about 2/3 distance from base to apex. Strial punctures distinct, uniseriate on face of declivity, large than on disc. Long setae on crest also present in anterolateral areas of face, before quadrate processes. Note. Atkinson et al. (2018) mistakenly showed the declivity of P. assiduus in Fig. 4D, not the declivity of this species. Distribution. Known only from two localities in Amazonian and southern Brazil (Fig. 12D)., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313, {"references":["Schedl, K. E. (1967) Neotropische Scolytoidea IX. 251. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Opuscula Zoologica, 99, 1 - 19.","Wood, S. L. & Bright, D. E. (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 13, 1 - 1553.","Wood, S. L. (2007) Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Science Museum, Provo, Utah, 900 pp.","Atkinson, T. H., Petrov, A. V. & Flechtmann, C. A. H. (2018) New records and combinations in Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) with an illustrated key to New World species. Insecta Mundi, 658, 1 - 11. [https: // journals. flvc. org / mundi / article / view / 0658]"]}

Premnophilus maiai Atkinson & Flechtmann, new species Fig. 8 A–D urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 461E6F51-FECC-46D5-94AA-224517197E97 Diagnosis. This species and P. bertii differ from those previously described here in that the declivity is clearly sulcate, with a rounded margin from the declivital apex almost to its base which bears 2–3 denticles. There are no granules on the declivital face. Female. Total length: 2.10 mm, maximum width: 0.75 mm, length of elytra: 1.18 mm, total length / width: 2.80, elytra length / width: 1.57, pronotal length / width: 1.23 (n=1). Elytra reddish brown, pronotum yellowish brown. Frons shining, smooth, with small, shallow punctures, these widely spaced, some with erect setae slightly longer than the distance between punctures. Punctures becoming granulate near epistoma. A very weakly elevated, longitudinal carina runs from well above the eyes but ends before the epistomal margin. First segment of anterior face of antennal club corneus, bisinuate, middle portion not reaching middle of club; distal part densely pubescent without visible sutures; pubescent area not reaching base of antennal laterally. Posterior face with corneous portion occupying 3/4 club length, pubescent distally, lateral areas not pubescent. Anterior margin of pronotum bluntly rounded, subtruncate, asperities on its leading edge notably larger than those on the rest of the anterior slope. Summit slightly anterior to middle, asperities short, flattened, with about 3 their thickness, becoming shorter towards summit. Pronotal disc shining; punctures shallow, small, widely spaced. Erect setae on disc, spaced by about their length. Elytral disc shining, smooth. Striae not impressed, punctures shallow, with short recumbent setae. Interstriae about 2 width of striae with mostly uniseriate erect setae, their length slightly longer than interstrial width. Interstriae becoming weakly granulate near base of declivity. Declivity steep occupying 25% of declivital length in lateral view; steep, with face sulcate from the base to the apex. A rounded posterolateral marginal elevation is present on the declivity from apex to near the base. Declivity narrowly concave in center of declivity between interstria 3, narrowed posteriorly. Strial punctures present on declivital face, surface dull. Three acute denticles are present on rounded declivital margin, one near base on interstria 3 and a pair of closely spaced denticles closer to elytral apex. Male. Unknown. Type Material. Holotype, female, Brazil: Amapá, Tartarugalzinho, Comunidade Entre Rios— Projeto de Assentamento Cedro, Retiro Paraíba, 17′32″ N, 5118′34″ W, 22–VIII–2015, FIT with ethanol, Amazonian terra firme forest fragment, W.R. Silva (MEFEIS). Distribution. Lower Amazonian region (Fig. 12F). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Jos Luiz da Silva Maia, head of the Division of Forest Protection and Environment of the forest company Duraflora in Agudos, state of São Paulo, where he worked for many years. He worked collaboratively with the second author in Scolytinae research projects over many years., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313

Premnophilus jordali Petrov, new species Fig. 7 A–D urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 52ADC740-9AB3-4AA4-AFCD-3ACB156D058D Diagnosis. The new species is closely related to Premnophilus pedrosai and P. sarahsmithiae but can be distinguished by the absence of large granules on interstria 1 and the less abundant vestiture on the elytral disc. Female. Total length: 1.45–1.72 mm, maximum width: 0.50–0.67, length of elytra: 0.81–1.05 mm, total length / width: 2.56–2.86, elytra length / total length: 1.36–1.69, pronotal length / width: 1.1–1.3, (n=3). Color reddish brown to dark brown. Frons reticulate, with large, shallow punctures, epistomal margin granulate. A weakly elevated, longitudinal carina runs from well above the eyes to central part of frons. Vestiture of short sparse pale hairs, longer and abundant in epistomal margin above mandibles. Gena glabrous. Eyes shallowly emarginate, 2.2 as long as wide. Antenna brown. First segment of anterior face of antennal club corneus, middle portion reaching about middle length of club. Pronotum reddish brown to dark brown in anterior part. Base and anterior margins of pronotum rounded, lateral margins subparallel in 1/2 of pronotal length. Asperities on its leading edge small, same size those on the rest of the anterior slope. Summit anterior to the middle of disc. Pronotal disc dull, faintly reticulate; punctures shallow, small, widely spaced. Sparse erect short pale setae on disc, more abundant long erect setae on anterior slope and lateral margins of pronotal base. Scutellum small, rounded, glabrous, dark brown. Elytral disc weakly shining, smooth. Sides subparallel from base to declivity; disc occupying basal 62–69 % of elytral length. Striae not impressed, punctures shallow, with short erect setae. Interstriae wider than striae with mostly uniseriate short erect setae, their length less than interstrial width. All interstriae becoming granulate at the base of the declivity. Declivity occupying 31–38% of declivital length in lateral view; weakly sulcate near the base. Interstria 1 raised along suture with a uniseriate row of small granules from the base to the apex. Granules on interstria 1 equal to granules on all surface of declivital disc. Entire declivital disc covered by abundant long adjacent yellow setae. Anterior margin and lateral areas of declivity with erect setae. Elytral anterior margin bilobed. Metasternum and metepisternum reddish brown with long pale setae. Abdomen dark brown, ventrites with rows of long pale setae. Legs brown, unicolored, covered by short yellow hairs. Male. Unknown. Type Material. Holotype, female, Peru: Loreto region, left river bank of Amazon, 60km SW Iquitos, Rio Itaya, 0415′28.1′′S 7327′59.3′′W, h~ 130 m, 1-II-2006, window trap, A.V. Petrov leg. (ZMM). Paratypes, females: as holotype (APP, 2); Junin region, 15 km NW Satipo, near Rio Venado village, 1111′35.2′′S 7446′07.0′′W, h~ 1300 m, 1-3-X-2015, window trap (APP, 1). Distribution. Known from tropical rain forest of Amazonas (bosque de colina baja) and subtropical forest of (Bosque montano de Yunga) (Fig. 12F). Etymology. This species is named in honor of the taxonomist Dr. Bjarte H. Jordal (Bergen, Norway) for his notable contributions to the systematics of the Scolytinae., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on pages 81-83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313

Key to American species of Premnobius (females only) The following key will distinguish females of all species of Premnobius known from the Americas, both native and exotic. 1 Declivity with a pair of quadrate spines on lower lateral margins, their height subequal to width at base; spines on lateral margins often blunt or digitate (Fig. 4 A–H)................................................................ 2 - Declivity without pair of quadrate spines on lower margins; all granules or spines on lateral margins acutely pointed or digitate (Fig. 5 A–F)......................................................................................... 5 2 Pronotum not elongate, length 1/4 of body length; quadrate elevation near middle of declivity in lateral view (Fig. 4 A,B,E,F)................................................................................................... 3 - Pronotum elongate, length 1/3 of body length; quadrate elevations on posterior 1/3 of declivity in lateral view (Figs. 4 C,D, G–H)............................................................................................... 4 3 Quadrate elevation thickened basally, displaced medially from posterolateral crest; prominent, acute granules at base of declivity on interstriae 2 and 4 (Fig. 4 A,B)......................................................... flechtmanni (Wood) - Quadrate elevation not thickened, on posterolateral crest, granules at base of declivity inconspicuous (Fig. 4 E,F)............................................................................................ neoadjunctus (Schedl) 4 Acute denticle near base of declivity on interstria 3 short, displaced medially from declivital crest; length 3 mm (Fig. 4 C,D)......................................................................... perezdelacrucei Petrov & Atkinson - Acute denticle near base of declivity on interstria 3 digitate, nearly as long as quadrate process, on declivital crest; length 2 mm Fig. 4 G,H)............................................................................. assiduus (Schedl) 5 Large digitate spine near apex of declivity, its length at least 3 its basal diameter (Fig. 5 A–B).................................................................................................... brownei Atkinson & Flechtmann - Declivital margin without large spines near apex, either without large spines or largest spines near midpoint of declivity (Fig. 5 A–D)............................................................................................... 6 6 Interstria 1 on declivity with a row of small pointed tubercles; raised lateral margin of declivity with small pointed granules; transition from elytral disc to declivity pronounced, not gradual (Fig. 5 A,B)....................... cavipennis Eichhoff - Interstria 1 on declivity without any granules; several large, pointed tubercles near base and midpoint of declivity on lateral margin; base of declivity extends gradually anteriorad at base along insterstria 1 (Fig. 5, C,D)....... ambitiosus (Schaufuss), Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313

Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H., Petrov, Alexander V. (2023): Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species. Zootaxa 5249 (1): 69-91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4

Premnophilus sarahsmithae Atkinson & Flechtmann, new species Fig. 10 A–D urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7396FDB0-6FAB-439B-8391-FF15158C0500 Diagnosis. P. sarahsmithae and P. pedrosai are similar in that the declivity is slightly sulcate without an elevated posterolateral crest. This species differs from the other two because the declivity is weakly sulcate and the granules are largest and in a uniseriate row on interstria 1. Female. Total length: 1.45 mm, maximum width: 0.54, length of elytra: 0.76 mm, total length / width: 2.69, elytra length / total length: 1.41, pronotal length / width: 1.28 (n=1). Color yellowish brown, darker in declivital area. Frons reticulate, with large, shallow punctures, these contiguous. A weakly elevated, shining, longitudinal carina runs from well above the eyes to the epistomal margin. First segment of anterior face of antennal club corneus, bisinuate, middle portion not reaching middle of club; distal part densely pubescent without visible sutures; pubescent area not reaching base of antennal laterally. Posterior face with corneous portion occupying 3/4 club length, pubescent distally, lateral areas not pubescent. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, asperities on its leading edge not larger than those on the rest of the anterior slope. Summit slightly anterior to middle, asperities short, with about 2 their thickness, becoming wider and confluent towards summit. Pronotal disc shining, faintly reticulate; punctures shallow, small, widely spaced. Sparse erect setae on disc, spaced by about their length. Elytral disc shining, smooth. Striae not impressed, punctures shallow, with short recumbent setae. Interstriae about 2 width of striae with slightly confused erect setae, their length subequal to interstrial width. All interstriae becoming granulate at the base of the declivity. Declivity occupying 30% of declivital length in lateral view; steep, with face sulcate from the base to the apex. A rounded posterolateral marginal elevation is present on the lower half of the declivity. In the middle of the declivity the area corresponding to interstriae 3 and 4 is elevated (more apparent in lateral view). Margins of interstria 1 raised along suture with a uniseriate row of blunt denticles 2/3 of the distance from the base to the apex. The remainder of the declivital face is covered with confused punctures, setae and granules, these much smaller than those on interstria 1. Setae on upper and lateral areas of declivity with longer, stouter setae. Male. Unknown. Type Material. Holotype, female, Brazil: Amapá: São Sebastião do Uatumã, Reserva Biológica do Uatumã, 18–II–2010, 148′17.77″ S, 5915′5.44″ W, 18–II–2010, unbaited flight intercept trap, R.S.L. Abreu, ombrophilous dense forest (MEFEIS). Paratypes, females: Brazil: Pará: São Domingos do Araguaia, Guzerá Farm, 531′54.4″ S, 4842′35.0″ W, 26–VI–2012, ethanol-baited FIT, D.B. Guinhazi, Tectona grandis stand planted 2003 (MEFEIS, 1); Redenção, Arteca Furniture Factory, 82′35.49″ S, 503′23.36″ W, 17-II-2012, ethanol-baited FIT, C.S.S. Ferreira; Roraima: Cantá, EMBRAPA Campo Experimental Roraima, 414′50″ N, 6039′49″ W, 20–IX–2014, 88 m, FIT with ethanol, E.G.S. Morais (MEFEIS, 1); Mato Grosso: Sinop, Universo Farm, 1134′38″ S, 5523′30″ W, FIT with ethanol, 24–VIII–2014, J.N. Corassa, Amazonian terra firme forest fragment, (MEFEIS, 1; USNM, 1; UTIC, 1); Rondônia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, CEPLAC, 16-yr old secondary-growth forest enriched w/ native tree planting (“capoeira″), 1043′1.85″S, 6213′22.72″W, 21–XI–2011, ethanol-baited FIT, O. Trevisan (MEFEIS, 1); Trinidad and Tobago: Trinidad, Arima Valley, Simla, 11–15–III–2000, blacklight trap, R.E. Woodruff (FSCA, 1). Distribution. This is the most widely distributed Neotropical species of Premnophilus (Fig. 12F). Etymology. This species is named for Dr. Sarah Smith in recognition of her outstanding work on the taxonomy of bark and ambrosia beetles., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on pages 86-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313

Premnophilus sarahsmithae Atkinson & Flechtmann, new species Fig. 10 A–D urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7396FDB0-6FAB-439B-8391-FF15158C0500 Diagnosis. P. sarahsmithae and P. pedrosai are similar in that the declivity is slightly sulcate without an elevated posterolateral crest. This species differs from the other two because the declivity is weakly sulcate and the granules are largest and in a uniseriate row on interstria 1. Female. Total length: 1.45 mm, maximum width: 0.54, length of elytra: 0.76 mm, total length / width: 2.69, elytra length / total length: 1.41, pronotal length / width: 1.28 (n=1). Color yellowish brown, darker in declivital area. Frons reticulate, with large, shallow punctures, these contiguous. A weakly elevated, shining, longitudinal carina runs from well above the eyes to the epistomal margin. First segment of anterior face of antennal club corneus, bisinuate, middle portion not reaching middle of club; distal part densely pubescent without visible sutures; pubescent area not reaching base of antennal laterally. Posterior face with corneous portion occupying 3/4 club length, pubescent distally, lateral areas not pubescent. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, asperities on its leading edge not larger than those on the rest of the anterior slope. Summit slightly anterior to middle, asperities short, with about 2 their thickness, becoming wider and confluent towards summit. Pronotal disc shining, faintly reticulate; punctures shallow, small, widely spaced. Sparse erect setae on disc, spaced by about their length. Elytral disc shining, smooth. Striae not impressed, punctures shallow, with short recumbent setae. Interstriae about 2 width of striae with slightly confused erect setae, their length subequal to interstrial width. All interstriae becoming granulate at the base of the declivity. Declivity occupying 30% of declivital length in lateral view; steep, with face sulcate from the base to the apex. A rounded posterolateral marginal elevation is present on the lower half of the declivity. In the middle of the declivity the area corresponding to interstriae 3 and 4 is elevated (more apparent in lateral view). Margins of interstria 1 raised along suture with a uniseriate row of blunt denticles 2/3 of the distance from the base to the apex. The remainder of the declivital face is covered with confused punctures, setae and granules, these much smaller than those on interstria 1. Setae on upper and lateral areas of declivity with longer, stouter setae. Male. Unknown. Type Material. Holotype, female, Brazil: Amapá: São Sebastião do Uatumã, Reserva Biológica do Uatumã, 18–II–2010, 148′17.77″ S, 5915′5.44″ W, 18–II–2010, unbaited flight intercept trap, R.S.L. Abreu, ombrophilous dense forest (MEFEIS). Paratypes, females: Brazil: Pará: São Domingos do Araguaia, Guzerá Farm, 531′54.4″ S, 4842′35.0″ W, 26–VI–2012, ethanol-baited FIT, D.B. Guinhazi, Tectona grandis stand planted 2003 (MEFEIS, 1); Redenção, Arteca Furniture Factory, 82′35.49″ S, 503′23.36″ W, 17-II-2012, ethanol-baited FIT, C.S.S. Ferreira; Roraima: Cantá, EMBRAPA Campo Experimental Roraima, 414′50″ N, 6039′49″ W, 20–IX–2014, 88 m, FIT with ethanol, E.G.S. Morais (MEFEIS, 1); Mato Grosso: Sinop, Universo Farm, 1134′38″ S, 5523′30″ W, FIT with ethanol, 24–VIII–2014, J.N. Corassa, Amazonian terra firme forest fragment, (MEFEIS, 1; USNM, 1; UTIC, 1); Rondônia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, CEPLAC, 16-yr old secondary-growth forest enriched w/ native tree planting (“capoeira″), 1043′1.85″S, 6213′22.72″W, 21–XI–2011, ethanol-baited FIT, O. Trevisan (MEFEIS, 1); Trinidad and Tobago: Trinidad, Arima Valley, Simla, 11–15–III–2000, blacklight trap, R.E. Woodruff (FSCA, 1). Distribution. This is the most widely distributed Neotropical species of Premnophilus (Fig. 12F). Etymology. This species is named for Dr. Sarah Smith in recognition of her outstanding work on the taxonomy of bark and ambrosia beetles.

Premnophilus pedrosai Atkinson & Flechtmann, new species Fig. 9 A–D urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B6A3C881-F0D6-413E-8E9A-571905A27921 Diagnosis. P. sarahsmithae, P. pedrosai and P. jordali are similar in that the declivity is flattened or slightly sulcate without an elevated posterolateral crest. The declivity of all of these is covered with densely confused granules and setae. This species differs from P. sarahsmithae in that the face of the declivity is more flattened, the larger granules on interstria 1 are less regular and larger posteriorly. Similar granules are present in the apical regions of interstria 2. Female. Total length: 1.42 mm, maximum width: 0.52 mm, length of elytra: 0.78 mm, total length / width: 2.73, elytra length / width: 1.50, pronotal length / width: 1.23 (n=1). Color dark brown. Frons reticulate, with large, shallow punctures, these contiguous, becoming granulate near epistomal margin. A weakly elevated, shining, longitudinal carina runs from well above the eyes but does not reach epistomal margin. First segment of anterior face of antennal club corneus, weakly bisinuate, middle portion reaching about 1/3 length of club; distal part densely pubescent without visible sutures; pubescent area not reaching base of antennal laterally. Posterior face with corneous portion occupying 3/4 club length, pubescent distally, lateral areas not pubescent. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, around ten asperities on its leading edge larger than those on the rest of the anterior slope. Summit slightly anterior to middle, asperities short, with about 2 their thickness, becoming less elevated towards summit. Pronotal disc shining, faintly reticulate; punctures shallow, small, widely spaced. Sparse erect setae on disc, spaced by about their length. Elytral disc shining, smooth. Striae not impressed, punctures shallow, with short recumbent setae. Interstriae slightly wider than striae with mostly uniseriate erect setae, their length subequal to interstrial width. All interstriae becoming granulate at the base of the declivity. Declivity occupying 25% of declivital length in lateral view; steep, with face flattened, weakly sulcate near the base. A rounded posterolateral marginal elevation is present on the lower half of the declivity. Margins of interstria 1 raised along suture with a uniseriate row of blunt denticles from the base to the apex. Additional denticles of similar size are located on the apical margin clustered on interstriae 1–3. In dorsal view these give the impression of an acute apex. The remainder of the declivital face is covered with confused setae and granules, these mostly smaller than those on interstria 1. Setae on upper and lateral areas of declivity with longer, stouter setae. Male. Unknown. Type Material. Holotype, female, Brazil: Roraima: Cantá, EMBRAPA Roraima Campo Exp., 414′50 N, 6039′49 W, 9–IV–2015, 104 m, ethanol-baited FIT, E.G.S. Morais, Amazonian terra firme forest fragment (MEFEIS, 1). Paratypes, females: Brazil: Mato Grosso: Sinop, Universo Farm, 1134′38 S, 5523′30 W, ethanol-baited FIT, 12– VIII–2015, J.N. Corassa, Amazonian terra firme forest fragment, (MEFEIS, 1; USNM, 1; UTIC, 1). Distribution. Middle and lower Amazonian region (Fig. 12F). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Jos Henrique Pedrosa Macedo, retired professor at the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. He conducted the first studies on Scolytinae in reforested areas in Brazil and was a professor of the second author., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. & Petrov, Alexander V., 2023, Synopsis of the Neotropical Premnobiina (Coleoptera: Curculonidae: Scolytinae Ipini) with descriptions of new species, new synonymy and keys to species, pp. 69-91 in Zootaxa 5249 (1) on pages 84-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7685313

Pseudotarsonemoides peruviensis n. sp. (Figs 5-8) Description Female. Length of idiosoma 210 (210), width 82 (71). Gnathosoma (Fig. 6). Length of gnathosomal capsule 41 (36), width 20 (18). Gnathosoma completely covered by prodorsal shield. Dorsomedian apodeme not evident. Gnathosoma with dorsal pair of setae ch 6 (5) two times shorter than subcapitular setae m 11 (10); both setae slender and smooth. Postpalpal setae (pp) about as long as ch, slender and weakly blunt-tipped. Palptibial claw well developed; palpal setae dFe and dGe rod-like. Round remnants of palpal solenidia situated laterad well developed round accessory setigenous structures (ass). Posterior ventral margin of gnathosoma with deep incision. One pair of round, probably subcuticular structures located posteriad setae ch (probably alveolar remnants of 2 nd pair of dorsal cheliceral setae). Cheliceral stylets long, slightly shorter than gnathosomal width; cheliceral levers large, c-shaped, poorly sclerotized, about half as long as cheliceral stylets. Pharynx with well sclerotized horseshoe-shaped walls. Idiosomal dorsum (Fig. 5A). All dorsal shields with uniform sparsely distributed puncta, without striae. Trichobothria capitate, ellipsoidal, finely spiculate and rounded apically, completely covered by prodorsal shield. Alveolar pits v 2 situated anteromesad bases of setae sc 2. Stigmata located on undersurface of shield far from lateral margin of prodorsal shield. Trachea long and narrow. Posterior margin of prodorsal shield deeply concave; posterior margins of tergites C and D with deep medial and lateral incisions; posterior margin of tergite EF weakly concave. Posterior parts of tergites C, D, and EF with delicate longitudinal striae. Setae v 1, sc 2, c 1, and c 2 smooth, other dorsal setae weakly barbed; setae v 1, sc 2, c 2 and h pointed, other dorsal setae blunt-tipped. Lengths of dorsal setae: v 1 45 (39), sc 2 38 (40), c 1 18 (18), c 2 23 (22), d 31 (31), e 31 (28), f 14 (15/17), h 29 (27). Distances between setae: v 1 ��� v 1 22 (23), v 2 ��� v 2 33 (32), sc 2 ��� sc 2 42 (42), c 1 ��� c 1 35 (36), c 2 ��� c 2 92 (88), c 1 ��� c 2 25 (19), d���d 36 (33), e���e 34 (34), e���f 8 (7), f���f 26 (26), h���h 36 (33). Idiosomal venter (Fig. 5B). Puncta on ventral plates hardly discernible. Setae ps blunt-tipped and weakly barbed, other ventral setae smooth, pointed. Pits 1 b and 2 b not evident. Posterior margin of aggenital plate evenly rounded. Poststernal plate with two large lobes anteriorly. Apodemes 1 forming Y-shaped juncture with prosternal apodeme; apodemes 2 not fused with prosternal apodeme; prosternal apodeme not fused with sejugal apodeme; sejugal apodeme developed only laterally; poststernal apodeme very small; apodemes 3 and 4 not evident. Setae 1 a located on apodemes 1; setae 2 a located on apodemes 2. Tegula unusually long, tongue-shaped, length 38 (37), maximum width 20 (22). Lengths of ventral setae: 1 a 13 (13), 2 a 13 (14), 3 a 13 (13), 3 b 13 (13), 3 c 19 (16), 4 b 18 (15), ps 21 (20). Legs (Figs 7, 8). Lengths of legs: I 60 (56), II 58 (54), III 52 (49), IV 30 (28). Leg I (Fig. 7A): number of setae and solenidia on femur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, respectively: 3-4-6(1 ��) + 9(l ��). Solenidion �� lanceolate, �� 1 capitate; solenidion �� 2 absent; seta k 7 (7) lanceolate, located in shallow depression with solenidion �� 1. Lengths of solenidia: �� 6 (7), �� 1 5 (6). Setae d, l��� of femur, l���, l��� and v��� of genu barbed, other leg setae smooth; setae d, l��� of femur, l��� and v��� of genu, (p) and (tc) of tarsus blunt-tipped; other leg setae pointed. Tarsal claw large, blunt-tipped. Leg II (Fig. 7B): number of setae and solenidia on femur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, respectively: 2-3-4- 7(l ��). Solenidion �� 6 (5) lanceolate. Setae pl��� and u��� of tarsus spine-like; setae d, l��� of femur, l���, v��� of genu and l��� of tibia blunt-tipped, other leg setae pointed; setae d, l��� of femur, l���, l���, v��� of genu and l��� of tibia barbed, other leg setae smooth; setae l��� of genu and tibia distinctly thickened. Leg III (Fig. 8A): number of setae and solenidia on femur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, respectively: 1+3-4-6. Seta u��� of tarsus spiniform and hooked; seta d of tibia blunt-tipped and barbed; other leg setae pointed and smooth. Leg IV (Fig, 8B): seta v��� of tibia barbed and weakly blunt-tipped, other leg setae pointed and smooth. Seta tc��� very long; seta v��� of tibia very small and thin, hardly discernible. Lengths of setae: v���Fe 11 (10), v���Ge 14 (13), v���Ti 39 (37), v���Ti 2 (2), tc��� 130 (125). Type material. Female holotype, slide ZISP T-Tar-002, PERU: Jun��n Prov., left bank of Peren�� River, 5 km NE from Puerto Ocopa, Canan Eden village., 1100 m, S11��04���23.9������ W74��16���40.6������, between coxae I and II on beetles Phloeotribus biguttatus (Blandford, 1897), 10.03.2009 A. Petrov leg. Paratype: 1 female, same data. Type deposition. The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia; paratype is deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia. Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species refers to its geographical distribution. Differential diagnosis. The new species clearly differs from all known species of the genus by having an unusually long tegula, almost two times longer than wide (subequal length and width in other species) and by lacking solenidion �� 2 (present in other species). Key to females of Pseudotarsonemoides (after Smiley & Moser 1974, with modifications) 1. Dorsal idiosoma without conspicuous longitudinal ridges..................................................... 4 - Dorsal idiosoma with conspicuous longitudinal ridges........................................................ 2 2. Setae e and h subequal................................................................................. 3 - Setae e more than twice longer than h.............................................. P. longisetus Khaustov, 1998 3. Idiosoma almost three times longer than wide, stigmata located near lateral margin of prodorsal shield............................................................................................. P. vermiformes Khaustov, 1998 - Idiosoma about two times longer than wide, stigmata located far from lateral margin of prodorsal shield........................................................................................... P. innumerabilis Vitzthum, 1923 4. Solenidion �� 2 present, tegula approximately equal in length and width........................................... 5 - Solenidion �� 2 absent, tegula almost two times longer than wide................................. P. peruviensis n. sp. 5. Setae e several times longer than f....................................................................... 6 - Setae e and f subequal........................................................... P. pteleobii Cooreman, 1963 6. Dorsal hysterosomal setae smooth....................................................................... 7 - Dorsal hysterosomal setae barbed............................................... P. scolyti Smiley & Moser, 1974 7. Tibia III without sclerotized notches...................................................................... 8 - Tibia III with sclerotized notches........................................... P. americanus Smiley & Moser, 1974 8. Idiosoma long and slender, about 2.4 times longer than wide, trichobothria globe-like, or, trachea long and slender................................................................................. P. fechteri Smiley & Moser, 1974 - Idiosoma short and oval, about 1.8 times longer than wide, trichobothria ellipsoidal, trachea long and stout....................................................................................... P. eccoptogasteris Vitzthum, 1921 Key to females of Pseudotarsonemoides (after Smiley & Moser 1974, with modifications) 1. Dorsal idiosoma without conspicuous longitudinal ridges..................................................... 4 - Dorsal idiosoma with conspicuous longitudinal ridges........................................................ 2 2. Setae e and h subequal................................................................................. 3 - Setae e more than twice longer than h.............................................. P. longisetus Khaustov, 1998 3. Idiosoma almost three times longer than wide, stigmata located near lateral margin of prodorsal shield............................................................................................. P. vermiformes Khaustov, 1998 - Idiosoma about two times longer than wide, stigmata located far from lateral margin of prodorsal shield........................................................................................... P. innumerabilis Vitzthum, 1923 4. Solenidion �� 2 present, tegula approximately equal in length and width........................................... 5 - Solenidion �� 2 absent, tegula almost two times longer than wide................................. P. peruviensis n. sp. 5. Setae e several times longer than f....................................................................... 6 - Setae e and f subequal........................................................... P. pteleobii Cooreman, 1963 6. Dorsal hysterosomal setae smooth....................................................................... 7 - Dorsal hysterosomal setae barbed............................................... P. scolyti Smiley & Moser, 1974 7. Tibia III without sclerotized notches...................................................................... 8 - Tibia III with sclerotized notches........................................... P. americanus Smiley & Moser, 1974 8. Idiosoma long and slender, about 2.4 times longer than wide, trichobothria globe-like, or, trachea long and slender................................................................................. P. fechteri Smiley & Moser, 1974 - Idiosoma short and oval, about 1.8 times longer than wide, trichobothria ellipsoidal, trachea long and stout....................................................................................... P. eccoptogasteris Vitzthum, 1921, Published as part of Khaustov, Alexander A., Petrov, Alexander V. & Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B., 2021, A new genus and two new species of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) associated with bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Peru, pp. 41-53 in Zootaxa 4966 (1) on pages 48-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4966.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4729391, {"references":["Blandford, W. F. H. (1897) Scolytidae. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Coleoptera, 4,145 - 184.","Smiley, R. & Moser, J. C. (1974) New tarsonemids associated with bark beetles (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 67, 639 - 665. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 67.4.639","Khaustov, A. A. (1998) A review of mites of the genus Pseudotarsonemoides (Acari: Heterostigmata: Tarsonemidae) of Crimea, with description of two new species. Acarina, 6 (1 - 2), 25 - 30.","Vitzthum, H. G. (1923) Acarologische Beobachtungen. 7. Reihe. Kommensalen der Ipiden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 89, 97 - 181.","Cooreman, J. (1963) Notes et observations sur quelques Acariens infeodes aux Coleopteres Scolytidae de la faune Belge. Bulletin Institut royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 39, 1 - 48.","Vitzthum, H. G. (1921) Acarologische Beobachtungen. 5 Reihe. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 87, 1 - 76."]}

Unguitarsonemus paradoxus n. sp. (Figs 1–4) Description Female. Length of idiosoma 160 (180), width 95 (100). Gnathosoma (Fig. 2). Length of gnathosomal capsule 30 (31), width 19 (21). Dorsomedian apodeme weakly developed, linear. Gnathosoma with dorsal pair of setae ch 11 (13) slightly shorter than subcapitular setae m 12 (15); both setae slender and smooth. Postpalpal setae (pp) slightly shorter than ch, slender and weakly blunttipped. Cheliceral stylets short and thin, nearly half as long as distance between bases of setae ch and distal end of gnathosomal capsule; cheliceral levers small, inconspicuous, poorly sclerotized. Palptibial claw very small, difficult to discern between accessory setigenous structures (ass). Idiosomal dorsum (Fig. 1A). All dorsal shields with uniform small round puncta. Prodorsum with very small median apodeme. Trichobothria capitate, ellipsoidal, finely spiculate and rounded apically.Anterior part of prodorsal shieldlet, lateral and posterior parts of prodorsal shield with delicate striae. Tergites C and D with finely serrate posterior margins. Posterior parts of tergites C, D, and EF with delicate longitudinal striae. All dorsal idiosomal setae smooth; setae v 1, sc 2, c 1 and c 2 pointed, other dorsal setae weakly blunt-tipped. Posterior margin of tergite H weakly concave. Lengths of dorsal setae: v 1 32 (36), sc 2 39 (44), c 1 21 (20), c 2 34 (35), d 19 (21), e 26 (31), f 39 (40), h 15 (19). Distances between setae: v 1 – v 1 21 (23), v 2 – v 2 39 (43), sc 2 – sc 2 47 (52), c 1 – c 1 50 (53), c 2 – c 2 92 (98), c 1 – c 2 28 (31), d–d 40 (42), e–e 68 (71), e–f 21 (22), f–f 26 (30), h–h 33 (36). Idiosomal venter (Fig. 1B). All ventral plates with uniform, very small puncta.All ventral setae smooth, pointed. Pits 1 b and 2 b large, elongate. Posterior margin of aggenital plate evenly rounded. Setae 1 a located just anteriad apodemes 1; setae 2 a located on apodemes 2. Tegula broadly rounded, length 14 (17), basal width 16 (18). Lengths of ventral setae: 1 a 11 (12), 2 a 14 (16), 3 a 11 (12), 3 b 15 (18), ps 14 (16). Legs (Figs 3, 4). Lengths of legs: I 52 (59), II 50 (60), III 59 (63), IV 35 (39). Leg I (Figs 3A, B): solenidion ω lanceolate, φ 1 and φ 2 capitate; seta k 3 (3) rod-shaped, subequal to solenidion φ 2. Lengths of solenidia: ω 6 (6), φ 1 6 (6), φ 2 3 (3). Setae l’ and l” of genu weakly barbed, other leg setae smooth; setae d, l′ of femur, l′, l”, v′, v” of genu, (p), (tc) and (u) of tarsus blunt-tipped; other leg setae pointed. Tarsal part of tibiotarsus ventrally with tubelike sclerotized subcuticular structure (Fig. 3B). Leg II (Fig. 3C): solenidion ω 6 (6) lanceolate. Setae d and l′ of femur weakly blunt-tipped, other leg setae pointed; all leg setae smooth. Leg III (Fig. 4A): all leg setae pointed and smooth. Leg IV (Fig, 4B): all leg setae pointed and smooth. Seta tc″ very long. Lengths of setae: v’Fe 9 (10), v’Ge 15 (16), v’Ti 32 (36), tc” 100 (105). Type material. Female holotype, slide ZISP T-Tar-001, PERU: Junín Prov., left bank of Perené River, 5 km NE from Puerto Ocopa, Canan Eden village, 1100 m, S11°04’23.9’’ W74°16’40.6’’, 10.03.2009, between coxae I and II on beetles Phloeotribus pilula (Erichson, 1847), A. Petrov leg. Paratype: 1 female, same data. Type deposition. The holotype and one paratype are deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia. Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species is derived from Latin paradoxus meaning paradoxical and refers to remarkable shape of modified seta pl” on tarsus II.

Genus Pseudotarsonemoides Vitzthum, 1921 Type species: Pseudotarsonemoides eccoptogasteris Vitzthum, 1921, by original designation. Diagnosis Female. All dorsal shields without striae; posterior margins of tergites C and D with deep medial and lateral incisions; setae v 1, sc 2, c 1, and c 2 smooth, other dorsal setae weakly barbed; setae v 1, sc 2, c 2 and h pointed, other dorsal setae blunt-tipped; tegula unusually long, tongue-shaped; solenidion �� 2 absent. Pseudotarsonemoides peruviensis n. sp. (Figs 5-8) Description Female. Length of idiosoma 210 (210), width 82 (71). Gnathosoma (Fig. 6). Length of gnathosomal capsule 41 (36), width 20 (18). Gnathosoma completely covered by prodorsal shield. Dorsomedian apodeme not evident. Gnathosoma with dorsal pair of setae ch 6 (5) two times shorter than subcapitular setae m 11 (10); both setae slender and smooth. Postpalpal setae (pp) about as long as ch, slender and weakly blunt-tipped. Palptibial claw well developed; palpal setae dFe and dGe rod-like. Round remnants of palpal solenidia situated laterad well developed round accessory setigenous structures (ass). Posterior ventral margin of gnathosoma with deep incision. One pair of round, probably subcuticular structures located posteriad setae ch (probably alveolar remnants of 2 nd pair of dorsal cheliceral setae). Cheliceral stylets long, slightly shorter than gnathosomal width; cheliceral levers large, c-shaped, poorly sclerotized, about half as long as cheliceral stylets. Pharynx with well sclerotized horseshoe-shaped walls. Idiosomal dorsum (Fig. 5A). All dorsal shields with uniform sparsely distributed puncta, without striae. Trichobothria capitate, ellipsoidal, finely spiculate and rounded apically, completely covered by prodorsal shield. Alveolar pits v 2 situated anteromesad bases of setae sc 2. Stigmata located on undersurface of shield far from lateral margin of prodorsal shield. Trachea long and narrow. Posterior margin of prodorsal shield deeply concave; posterior margins of tergites C and D with deep medial and lateral incisions; posterior margin of tergite EF weakly concave. Posterior parts of tergites C, D, and EF with delicate longitudinal striae. Setae v 1, sc 2, c 1, and c 2 smooth, other dorsal setae weakly barbed; setae v 1, sc 2, c 2 and h pointed, other dorsal setae blunt-tipped. Lengths of dorsal setae: v 1 45 (39), sc 2 38 (40), c 1 18 (18), c 2 23 (22), d 31 (31), e 31 (28), f 14 (15/17), h 29 (27). Distances between setae: v 1 ��� v 1 22 (23), v 2 ��� v 2 33 (32), sc 2 ��� sc 2 42 (42), c 1 ��� c 1 35 (36), c 2 ��� c 2 92 (88), c 1 ��� c 2 25 (19), d���d 36 (33), e���e 34 (34), e���f 8 (7), f���f 26 (26), h���h 36 (33). Idiosomal venter (Fig. 5B). Puncta on ventral plates hardly discernible. Setae ps blunt-tipped and weakly barbed, other ventral setae smooth, pointed. Pits 1 b and 2 b not evident. Posterior margin of aggenital plate evenly rounded. Poststernal plate with two large lobes anteriorly. Apodemes 1 forming Y-shaped juncture with prosternal apodeme; apodemes 2 not fused with prosternal apodeme; prosternal apodeme not fused with sejugal apodeme; sejugal apodeme developed only laterally; poststernal apodeme very small; apodemes 3 and 4 not evident. Setae 1 a located on apodemes 1; setae 2 a located on apodemes 2. Tegula unusually long, tongue-shaped, length 38 (37), maximum width 20 (22). Lengths of ventral setae: 1 a 13 (13), 2 a 13 (14), 3 a 13 (13), 3 b 13 (13), 3 c 19 (16), 4 b 18 (15), ps 21 (20). Legs (Figs 7, 8). Lengths of legs: I 60 (56), II 58 (54), III 52 (49), IV 30 (28). Leg I (Fig. 7A): number of setae and solenidia on femur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, respectively: 3-4-6(1 ��) + 9(l ��). Solenidion �� lanceolate, �� 1 capitate; solenidion �� 2 absent; seta k 7 (7) lanceolate, located in shallow depression with solenidion �� 1. Lengths of solenidia: �� 6 (7), �� 1 5 (6). Setae d, l��� of femur, l���, l��� and v��� of genu barbed, other leg setae smooth; setae d, l��� of femur, l��� and v��� of genu, (p) and (tc) of tarsus blunt-tipped; other leg setae pointed. Tarsal claw large, blunt-tipped. Leg II (Fig. 7B): number of setae and solenidia on femur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, respectively: 2-3-4- 7(l ��). Solenidion �� 6 (5) lanceolate. Setae pl��� and u��� of tarsus spine-like; setae d, l��� of femur, l���, v��� of genu and l��� of tibia blunt-tipped, other leg setae pointed; setae d, l��� of femur, l���, l���, v��� of genu and l��� of tibia barbed, other leg setae smooth; setae l��� of genu and tibia distinctly thickened. Leg III (Fig. 8A): number of setae and solenidia on femur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, respectively: 1+3-4-6. Seta u��� of tarsus spiniform and hooked; seta d of tibia blunt-tipped and barbed; other leg setae pointed and smooth. Leg IV (Fig, 8B): seta v��� of tibia barbed and weakly blunt-tipped, other leg setae pointed and smooth. Seta tc��� very long; seta v��� of tibia very small and thin, hardly discernible. Lengths of setae: v���Fe 11 (10), v���Ge 14 (13), v���Ti 39 (37), v���Ti 2 (2), tc��� 130 (125). Type material. Female holotype, slide ZISP T-Tar-002, PERU: Jun��n Prov., left bank of Peren�� River, 5 km NE from Puerto Ocopa, Canan Eden village., 1100 m, S11��04���23.9������ W74��16���40.6������, between coxae I and II on beetles Phloeotribus biguttatus (Blandford, 1897), 10.03.2009 A. Petrov leg. Paratype: 1 female, same data. Type deposition. The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia; paratype is deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia. Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species refers to its geographical distribution. Differential diagnosis. The new species clearly differs from all known species of the genus by having an unusually long tegula, almost two times longer than wide (subequal length and width in other species) and by lacking solenidion �� 2 (present in other species). Key to females of Pseudotarsonemoides (after Smiley & Moser 1974, with modifications) 1. Dorsal idiosoma without conspicuous longitudinal ridges..................................................... 4 - Dorsal idiosoma with conspicuous longitudinal ridges........................................................ 2 2. Setae e and h subequal................................................................................. 3 - Setae e more than twice longer than h.............................................. P. longisetus Khaustov, 1998 3. Idiosoma almost three times longer than wide, stigmata located near lateral margin of prodorsal shield............................................................................................. P. vermiformes Khaustov, 1998 - Idiosoma about two times longer than wide, stigmata located far from lateral margin of prodorsal shield........................................................................................... P. innumerabilis Vitzthum, 1923 4. Solenidion �� 2 present, tegula approximately equal in length and width........................................... 5 - Solenidion �� 2 absent, tegula almost two times longer than wide................................. P. peruviensis n. sp. 5. Setae e several times longer than f....................................................................... 6 - Setae e and f subequal........................................................... P. pteleobii Cooreman, 1963 6. Dorsal hysterosomal setae smooth....................................................................... 7 - Dorsal hysterosomal setae barbed............................................... P. scolyti Smiley & Moser, 1974 7. Tibia III without sclerotized notches...................................................................... 8 - Tibia III with sclerotized notches........................................... P. americanus Smiley & Moser, 1974 8. Idiosoma long and slender, about 2.4 times longer than wide, trichobothria globe-like, or, trachea long and slender................................................................................. P. fechteri Smiley & Moser, 1974 - Idiosoma short and oval, about 1.8 times longer than wide, trichobothria ellipsoidal, trachea long and stout....................................................................................... P. eccoptogasteris Vitzthum, 1921 Pseudotarsonemoides peruviensis n. sp. (Figs 5-8) Description Female. Length of idiosoma 210 (210), width 82 (71). Gnathosoma (Fig. 6). Length of gnathosomal capsule 41 (36), width 20 (18). Gnathosoma completely covered by prodorsal shield. Dorsomedian apodeme not evident. Gnathosoma with dorsal pair of setae ch 6 (5) two times shorter than subcapitular setae m 11 (10); both setae slender and smooth. Postpalpal setae (pp) about as long as ch, slender and weakly blunt-tipped. Palptibial claw well developed; palpal setae dFe and dGe rod-like. Round remnants of palpal solenidia situated laterad well developed round accessory setigenous structures (ass). Posterior ventral margin of gnathosoma with deep incision. One pair of round, probably subcuticular structures located posteriad setae ch (probably alveolar remnants of 2 nd pair of dorsal cheliceral setae). Cheliceral stylets long, slightly shorter than gnathosomal width; cheliceral levers large, c-shaped, poorly sclerotized, about half as long as cheliceral stylets. Pharynx with well sclerotized horseshoe-shaped walls. Idiosomal dorsum (Fig. 5A). All dorsal shields with uniform sparsely distributed puncta, without striae. Trichobothria capitate, ellipsoidal, finely spiculate and rounded apically, completely covered by prodorsal shield. Alveolar pits v 2 situated anteromesad bases of setae sc 2. Stigmata located on undersurface of shield far from lateral margin of prodorsal shield. Trachea long and narrow. Posterior margin of prodorsal shield deeply concave; posterior margins of tergites C and D with deep medial and lateral incisions; posterior margin of tergite EF weakly concave. Posterior parts of tergites C, D, and EF with delicate longitudinal striae. Setae v 1, sc 2, c 1, and c 2 smooth, other dorsal setae weakly barbed; setae v 1, sc 2, c 2 and h pointed, other dorsal setae blunt-tipped. Lengths of dorsal setae: v 1 45 (39), sc 2 38 (40), c 1 18 (18), c 2 23 (22), d 31 (31), e 31 (28), f 14 (15/17), h 29 (27). Distances between setae: v 1 ��� v 1 22 (23), v 2 ��� v 2 33 (32), sc 2 ��� sc 2 42 (42), c 1 ��� c 1 35 (36), c 2 ��� c 2 92 (88), c 1 ��� c 2 25 (19), d���d 36 (33), e���e 34 (34), e���f 8 (7), f���f 26 (26), h���h 36 (33). Idiosomal venter (Fig. 5B). Puncta on ventral plates hardly discernible. Setae ps blunt-tipped and weakly barbed, other ventral setae smooth, pointed. Pits 1 b and 2 b not evident. Posterior margin of aggenital plate evenly rounded. Poststernal plate with two large lobes anteriorly. Apodemes 1 forming Y-shaped juncture with prosternal apodeme; apodemes 2 not fused with prosternal apodeme; prosternal apodeme not fused with sejugal apodeme; sejugal apodeme developed only laterally; poststernal apodeme very small; apodemes 3 and 4 not evident. Setae 1 a located on apodemes 1; setae 2 a located on apodemes 2. Tegula unusually long, tongue-shaped, length 38 (37), maximum width 20 (22). Lengths of ventral setae: 1 a 13 (13), 2 a 13 (14), 3 a 13 (13), 3 b 13 (13), 3 c 19 (16), 4 b 18 (15), ps 21 (20). Legs (Figs 7, 8). Lengths of legs: I 60 (56), II 58 (54), III 52 (49), IV 30 (28). Leg I (Fig. 7A): number of setae and solenidia on femur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, respectively: 3-4-6(1 ��) + 9(l ��). Solenidion �� lanceolate, �� 1 capitate; solenidion �� 2 absent; seta k 7 (7) lanceolate, located in shallow depression with solenidion �� 1. Lengths of solenidia: �� 6 (7), �� 1 5 (6). Setae d, l��� of femur, l���, l��� and v��� of genu barbed, other leg setae smooth; setae d, l��� of femur, l��� and v��� of genu, (p) and (tc) of tarsus blunt-tipped; other leg setae pointed. Tarsal claw large, blunt-tipped. Leg II (Fig. 7B): number of setae and solenidia on femur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, respectively: 2-3-4- 7(l ��). Solenidion �� 6 (5) lanceolate. Setae pl��� and u��� of tarsus spine-like; setae d, l��� of femur, l���, v��� of genu and l��� of tibia blunt-tipped, other leg setae pointed; setae d, l��� of femur, l���, l���, v��� of genu and l��� of tibia barbed, other leg setae smooth; setae l��� of genu and tibia distinctly thickened. Leg III (Fig. 8A): number of setae and solenidia on femur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, respectively: 1+3-4-6. Seta u��� of tarsus spiniform and hooked; seta d of tibia blunt-tipped and barbed; other leg setae pointed and smooth. Leg IV (Fig, 8B): seta v��� of tibia barbed and weakly blunt-tipped, other leg setae pointed and smooth. Seta tc��� very long; seta v��� of tibia very small and thin, hardly discernible. Lengths of setae: v���Fe 11 (10), v���Ge 14 (13), v���Ti 39 (37), v���Ti 2 (2), tc��� 130 (125). Type material. Female holotype, slide ZISP T-Tar-002, PERU: Jun��n Prov., left bank of Peren�� River, 5 km NE from Puerto Ocopa, Canan Eden village., 1100 m, S11��04���23.9������ W74��16���40.6������, between coxae I and II on beetles Phloeotribus biguttatus (Blandford, 1897), 10.03.2009 A. Petrov leg. Paratype: 1 female, same data. Type deposition. The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia; paratype is deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia. Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species refers to its geographical distribution. Differential diagnosis. The new species clearly differs from all known species of the genus by having an unusually long tegula, almost two times longer than wide (subequal length and width in other species) and by lacking solenidion �� 2 (present in other species). Key to females of Pseudotarsonemoides (after Smiley & Moser 1974, with modifications) 1. Dorsal idiosoma without conspicuous longitudinal ridges..................................................... 4 - Dorsal idiosoma with conspicuous longitudinal ridges........................................................ 2 2. Setae e and h subequal................................................................................. 3 - Setae e more than twice longer than h.............................................. P. longisetus Khaustov, 1998 3. Idiosoma almost three times longer than wide, stigmata located near lateral margin of prodorsal shield............................................................................................. P. vermiformes Khaustov, 1998 - Idiosoma about two times longer than wide, stigmata located far from lateral margin of prodorsal shield........................................................................................... P. innumerabilis Vitzthum, 1923 4. Solenidion �� 2 present, tegula approximately equal in length and width........................................... 5 - Solenidion �� 2 absent, tegula almost two times longer than wide................................. P. peruviensis n. sp. 5. Setae e several times longer than f....................................................................... 6 - Setae e and f subequal........................................................... P. pteleobii Cooreman, 1963 6. Dorsal hysterosomal setae smooth....................................................................... 7 - Dorsal hysterosomal setae barbed............................................... P. scolyti Smiley & Moser, 1974 7. Tibia III without sclerotized notches...................................................................... 8 - Tibia III with sclerotized notches........................................... P. americanus Smiley & Moser, 1974 8. Idiosoma long and slender, about 2.4 times longer than wide, trichobothria globe-like, or, trachea long and slender................................................................................. P. fechteri Smiley & Moser, 1974 - Idiosoma short and oval, about 1.8 times longer than wide, trichobothria ellipsoidal, trachea long and stout....................................................................................... P. eccoptogasteris Vitzthum, 1921 Key to females of Pseudotarsonemoides (after Smiley & Moser 1974, with modifications) 1. Dorsal idiosoma without conspicuous longitudinal ridges..................................................... 4 - Dorsal idiosoma with conspicuous longitudinal ridges........................................................ 2 2. Setae e and h subequal................................................................................. 3 - Setae e more than twice longer than h.............................................. P. longisetus Khaustov, 1998 3. Idiosoma almost three times longer, Published as part of Khaustov, Alexander A., Petrov, Alexander V. & Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B., 2021, A new genus and two new species of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) associated with bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Peru, pp. 41-53 in Zootaxa 4966 (1) on pages 47-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4966.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4729391, {"references":["Vitzthum, H. G. (1921) Acarologische Beobachtungen. 5 Reihe. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 87, 1 - 76.","Blandford, W. F. H. (1897) Scolytidae. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Coleoptera, 4,145 - 184.","Smiley, R. & Moser, J. C. (1974) New tarsonemids associated with bark beetles (Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 67, 639 - 665. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 67.4.639","Khaustov, A. A. (1998) A review of mites of the genus Pseudotarsonemoides (Acari: Heterostigmata: Tarsonemidae) of Crimea, with description of two new species. Acarina, 6 (1 - 2), 25 - 30.","Vitzthum, H. G. (1923) Acarologische Beobachtungen. 7. Reihe. Kommensalen der Ipiden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 89, 97 - 181.","Cooreman, J. (1963) Notes et observations sur quelques Acariens infeodes aux Coleopteres Scolytidae de la faune Belge. Bulletin Institut royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 39, 1 - 48."]}

Unguitarsonemus paradoxus n. sp. (Figs 1���4) Description Female. Length of idiosoma 160 (180), width 95 (100). Gnathosoma (Fig. 2). Length of gnathosomal capsule 30 (31), width 19 (21). Dorsomedian apodeme weakly developed, linear. Gnathosoma with dorsal pair of setae ch 11 (13) slightly shorter than subcapitular setae m 12 (15); both setae slender and smooth. Postpalpal setae (pp) slightly shorter than ch, slender and weakly blunttipped. Cheliceral stylets short and thin, nearly half as long as distance between bases of setae ch and distal end of gnathosomal capsule; cheliceral levers small, inconspicuous, poorly sclerotized. Palptibial claw very small, difficult to discern between accessory setigenous structures (ass). Idiosomal dorsum (Fig. 1A). All dorsal shields with uniform small round puncta. Prodorsum with very small median apodeme. Trichobothria capitate, ellipsoidal, finely spiculate and rounded apically.Anterior part of prodorsal shieldlet, lateral and posterior parts of prodorsal shield with delicate striae. Tergites C and D with finely serrate posterior margins. Posterior parts of tergites C, D, and EF with delicate longitudinal striae. All dorsal idiosomal setae smooth; setae v 1, sc 2, c 1 and c 2 pointed, other dorsal setae weakly blunt-tipped. Posterior margin of tergite H weakly concave. Lengths of dorsal setae: v 1 32 (36), sc 2 39 (44), c 1 21 (20), c 2 34 (35), d 19 (21), e 26 (31), f 39 (40), h 15 (19). Distances between setae: v 1 ��� v 1 21 (23), v 2 ��� v 2 39 (43), sc 2 ��� sc 2 47 (52), c 1 ��� c 1 50 (53), c 2 ��� c 2 92 (98), c 1 ��� c 2 28 (31), d���d 40 (42), e���e 68 (71), e���f 21 (22), f���f 26 (30), h���h 33 (36). Idiosomal venter (Fig. 1B). All ventral plates with uniform, very small puncta.All ventral setae smooth, pointed. Pits 1 b and 2 b large, elongate. Posterior margin of aggenital plate evenly rounded. Setae 1 a located just anteriad apodemes 1; setae 2 a located on apodemes 2. Tegula broadly rounded, length 14 (17), basal width 16 (18). Lengths of ventral setae: 1 a 11 (12), 2 a 14 (16), 3 a 11 (12), 3 b 15 (18), ps 14 (16). Legs (Figs 3, 4). Lengths of legs: I 52 (59), II 50 (60), III 59 (63), IV 35 (39). Leg I (Figs 3A, B): solenidion �� lanceolate, �� 1 and �� 2 capitate; seta k 3 (3) rod-shaped, subequal to solenidion �� 2. Lengths of solenidia: �� 6 (6), �� 1 6 (6), �� 2 3 (3). Setae l��� and l��� of genu weakly barbed, other leg setae smooth; setae d, l��� of femur, l���, l���, v���, v��� of genu, (p), (tc) and (u) of tarsus blunt-tipped; other leg setae pointed. Tarsal part of tibiotarsus ventrally with tubelike sclerotized subcuticular structure (Fig. 3B). Leg II (Fig. 3C): solenidion �� 6 (6) lanceolate. Setae d and l��� of femur weakly blunt-tipped, other leg setae pointed; all leg setae smooth. Leg III (Fig. 4A): all leg setae pointed and smooth. Leg IV (Fig, 4B): all leg setae pointed and smooth. Seta tc��� very long. Lengths of setae: v���Fe 9 (10), v���Ge 15 (16), v���Ti 32 (36), tc��� 100 (105). Type material. Female holotype, slide ZISP T-Tar-001, PERU: Jun��n Prov., left bank of Peren�� River, 5 km NE from Puerto Ocopa, Canan Eden village, 1100 m, S11��04���23.9������ W74��16���40.6������, 10.03.2009, between coxae I and II on beetles Phloeotribus pilula (Erichson, 1847), A. Petrov leg. Paratype: 1 female, same data. Type deposition. The holotype and one paratype are deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia. Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species is derived from Latin paradoxus meaning paradoxical and refers to remarkable shape of modified seta pl��� on tarsus II., Published as part of Khaustov, Alexander A., Petrov, Alexander V. & Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B., 2021, A new genus and two new species of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) associated with bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Peru, pp. 41-53 in Zootaxa 4966 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4966.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4729391, {"references":["Erichson, W. F. (1847) Conspectus insectorum coleopterorum quae in Republica Peruana observata sunt. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 13, 67 - 185."]}

Genus Unguitarsonemus n. gen. Type species: Unguitarsonemus paradoxus n. sp. Diagnosis Female. Gnathosomal capsule oval, completely covered by prodorsal shield; pharynx narrow, with well sclerotized walls and well-developed ovoid posterior glandular bodies. Stigmata located dorsally; dorsal setae not modified. Anterior margin of posterior sternal plate nearly straight, without lobes; two pairs of coxal setae on metapodosomal venter. Ambulacrum of leg I with single, typically uncinated claw; tarsal part of tibiotarsus I with only one attenuate seta pv’; tarsus II with three attenuate setae; seta pl” of tarsus II located on distinct protuberance and modified into large claw-like structure with thickened base. Description (based on female) Gnathosoma. Gnathosomal capsule oval, completely covered by prodorsal shield. Postpalpal setae (pp) present. Palpi short, with distinct rod-like dorsolateral setae dFe and dGe, ventrally with very small tibial claw and well developed round accessory setigenous structure (ass). Cheliceral stylets and their levers small, located anteriad bases of setae ch. Pharynx narrow, with well sclerotized walls and with well-developed prominent posterior ovoid glandular bodies. Idiosoma. Rostral shieldlet widely semicircular. Stigmata small, round, located dorsally near posterolateral ends of rostral shieldlet; trachea long and narrow, without sclerotized atrium. Bothridia present, with capitate trichobothria sc 1 completely covered by prodorsal shield. Alveolar pits v 2 located anteromesad bases of setae sc 2. Dorsal setae not modified. Ventral shielding with apodemes 1 forming Y-shaped juncture with prosternal apodeme; apodemes 2 not fused with prosternal apodeme; prosternal apodeme not fused with sejugal apodeme; sejugal apodeme developed only laterally; apodemes 3 not extending laterad trochanters III, nor mesad setae 3a. Apodemes 4 narrow, not extending posterolaterad setae 3b, fused with poststernal apodeme with typical bifurcation anteriorly. Anterior margin of posterior sternal plate nearly straight, without lobes. Two pairs of coxal setae on metapodosomal venter; setae 3c, and 4a absent. Bases of legs IV moderately well-spaced, separated by interval of about two times of width of trochanter IV; tegula moderately long, rounded apically. Aggenital plate lacking setae. Pseudanal setae present. Legs. Ambulacrum of leg I with single, typically uncinated claw. Ambulacra of legs II and III with empodium and well-developed, symmetrically paired claws. Femur I without apophysis; femur II without ventral flange. Legs I and II of moderate length, with none of segments unusually elongated. Tarsal part of tibiotarsus I with only one attenuate seta pv’ (pl” and pv” absent); tarsus II with three attenuate setae (pv” absent); seta pl” of tarsus II located on distinct protuberance and modified into unusually large claw-like structure with basal thickening; seta s of tarsus I spine-like; setae (u) of tarsus I present; seta u′ on tarsi II and III spine-like, with rounded tip. Seta u” on tarsi II and III not evident. Trochanter III of adult female elongate, subelliptical, plate-like, longer than femorogenu III. Leg IV elongate-cylindrical, about twice shorter than leg III, with femorogenu at least two times as long as tibiotarsus; trochanter no longer than tibiotarsus. Number of setae and solenidia on femur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, respectively: leg I: 3-4-6(2 φ) + 8(l ω); leg II: 3-3-4-5(l ω); leg III: 1+3-4-4. Male and larva unknown. Species included. The genus Unguitarsonemus includes one species, U. paradoxus n. sp. Distribution and habitat. Unguitarsonemus paradoxus n. sp. is phoretic on the bark beetle Phloeotribus pilula (Erichson, 1847) in Peru. Etymology. The name of the new genus is a combination of two words, the Latin unguis meaning claw, and Tarsonemus, the type genus of the family Tarsonemidae and refers to the presence of the remarkably large, clawlike, modified seta pl” on tarsus II. Differential diagnosis. The female of Unguitarsonemus n. gen. resembles that of Tarsonemus Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876, especially of subgenus Schaarschmidtia Magowski, 2010 of the tribe Tarsonemini Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877, sensu Lindquist, 1986 in general appearance, in the gnathosoma having prominent posterior pharyngeal ovoid glandular bodies, and in lacking setae pl” and pv” on tarsi I and II, respectively. The new genus differs from Tarsonemus (Schaarschmidtia) by the absence of seta pv” on tibiotarsus I (present in Schaarschmidtia) and by the form of unusually large claw-like seta pl” on tarsus II (spiniform or disc-shaped in Schaarschmidtia). The female of the new genus is also similar with Lobotarsonemus Khaustov & Abramov, 2017 with shearing the following apomorphic characters: gnathosoma having posterior pharyngeal ovoid glandular bodies; tibiotarsus I with only one attenuate seta pv’; tarsus II with three attenuate setae. The new genus differs from Lobotarsonemus in having short palps (very long in Lobotarsonemus), straight anterior margin of posterior sternal plate (with three large lobes in Lobotarsonemus), seta v’Ge of femorogenu IV present (absent in Lobotarsonemus), and by the form of large claw-like seta pl” on tarsus II (spiniform in Lobotarsonemus).

Genus Unguitarsonemus n. gen. Type species: Unguitarsonemus paradoxus n. sp. Diagnosis Female. Gnathosomal capsule oval, completely covered by prodorsal shield; pharynx narrow, with well sclerotized walls and well-developed ovoid posterior glandular bodies. Stigmata located dorsally; dorsal setae not modified. Anterior margin of posterior sternal plate nearly straight, without lobes; two pairs of coxal setae on metapodosomal venter. Ambulacrum of leg I with single, typically uncinated claw; tarsal part of tibiotarsus I with only one attenuate seta pv���; tarsus II with three attenuate setae; seta pl��� of tarsus II located on distinct protuberance and modified into large claw-like structure with thickened base. Description (based on female) Gnathosoma. Gnathosomal capsule oval, completely covered by prodorsal shield. Postpalpal setae (pp) present. Palpi short, with distinct rod-like dorsolateral setae dFe and dGe, ventrally with very small tibial claw and well developed round accessory setigenous structure (ass). Cheliceral stylets and their levers small, located anteriad bases of setae ch. Pharynx narrow, with well sclerotized walls and with well-developed prominent posterior ovoid glandular bodies. Idiosoma. Rostral shieldlet widely semicircular. Stigmata small, round, located dorsally near posterolateral ends of rostral shieldlet; trachea long and narrow, without sclerotized atrium. Bothridia present, with capitate trichobothria sc 1 completely covered by prodorsal shield. Alveolar pits v 2 located anteromesad bases of setae sc 2. Dorsal setae not modified. Ventral shielding with apodemes 1 forming Y-shaped juncture with prosternal apodeme; apodemes 2 not fused with prosternal apodeme; prosternal apodeme not fused with sejugal apodeme; sejugal apodeme developed only laterally; apodemes 3 not extending laterad trochanters III, nor mesad setae 3a. Apodemes 4 narrow, not extending posterolaterad setae 3b, fused with poststernal apodeme with typical bifurcation anteriorly. Anterior margin of posterior sternal plate nearly straight, without lobes. Two pairs of coxal setae on metapodosomal venter; setae 3c, and 4a absent. Bases of legs IV moderately well-spaced, separated by interval of about two times of width of trochanter IV; tegula moderately long, rounded apically. Aggenital plate lacking setae. Pseudanal setae present. Legs. Ambulacrum of leg I with single, typically uncinated claw. Ambulacra of legs II and III with empodium and well-developed, symmetrically paired claws. Femur I without apophysis; femur II without ventral flange. Legs I and II of moderate length, with none of segments unusually elongated. Tarsal part of tibiotarsus I with only one attenuate seta pv��� (pl��� and pv��� absent); tarsus II with three attenuate setae (pv��� absent); seta pl��� of tarsus II located on distinct protuberance and modified into unusually large claw-like structure with basal thickening; seta s of tarsus I spine-like; setae (u) of tarsus I present; seta u��� on tarsi II and III spine-like, with rounded tip. Seta u��� on tarsi II and III not evident. Trochanter III of adult female elongate, subelliptical, plate-like, longer than femorogenu III. Leg IV elongate-cylindrical, about twice shorter than leg III, with femorogenu at least two times as long as tibiotarsus; trochanter no longer than tibiotarsus. Number of setae and solenidia on femur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, respectively: leg I: 3-4-6(2 ��) + 8(l ��); leg II: 3-3-4-5(l ��); leg III: 1+3-4-4. Male and larva unknown. Species included. The genus Unguitarsonemus includes one species, U. paradoxus n. sp. Distribution and habitat. Unguitarsonemus paradoxus n. sp. is phoretic on the bark beetle Phloeotribus pilula (Erichson, 1847) in Peru. Etymology. The name of the new genus is a combination of two words, the Latin unguis meaning claw, and Tarsonemus, the type genus of the family Tarsonemidae and refers to the presence of the remarkably large, clawlike, modified seta pl��� on tarsus II. Differential diagnosis. The female of Unguitarsonemus n. gen. resembles that of Tarsonemus Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876, especially of subgenus Schaarschmidtia Magowski, 2010 of the tribe Tarsonemini Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877, sensu Lindquist, 1986 in general appearance, in the gnathosoma having prominent posterior pharyngeal ovoid glandular bodies, and in lacking setae pl��� and pv��� on tarsi I and II, respectively. The new genus differs from Tarsonemus (Schaarschmidtia) by the absence of seta pv��� on tibiotarsus I (present in Schaarschmidtia) and by the form of unusually large claw-like seta pl��� on tarsus II (spiniform or disc-shaped in Schaarschmidtia). The female of the new genus is also similar with Lobotarsonemus Khaustov & Abramov, 2017 with shearing the following apomorphic characters: gnathosoma having posterior pharyngeal ovoid glandular bodies; tibiotarsus I with only one attenuate seta pv���; tarsus II with three attenuate setae. The new genus differs from Lobotarsonemus in having short palps (very long in Lobotarsonemus), straight anterior margin of posterior sternal plate (with three large lobes in Lobotarsonemus), seta v���Ge of femorogenu IV present (absent in Lobotarsonemus), and by the form of large claw-like seta pl��� on tarsus II (spiniform in Lobotarsonemus)., Published as part of Khaustov, Alexander A., Petrov, Alexander V. & Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B., 2021, A new genus and two new species of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) associated with bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Peru, pp. 41-53 in Zootaxa 4966 (1) on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4966.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4729391, {"references":["Erichson, W. F. (1847) Conspectus insectorum coleopterorum quae in Republica Peruana observata sunt. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 13, 67 - 185.","Canestrini, G. & Fanzago, F. (1876) Nuovi Acari italiani (1. serie). Atti della Societa Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali, Padova, 5, 99 - 111.","Magowski, W. L. (2010) Schaarschmidtia, a new subgenus of the genus Tarsonemus Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876 (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Tarsonemidae) - a systematic review of the mite taxon associated with subcortical coleopteran insects, with notes on its host affiliation, ecology and biogeography. Polish Journal of Entomology, 79 (Supplement 2010), 1 - 176.","Canestrini, G. & Fanzago, F. (1877) Intorno agli Acari italiani. Atti del reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Series 5, 4, 69 - 208 (Prospetto repaginaion: 1 - 140), 6 pls.","Lindquist, E. E. (1986) The world genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata): a morphological, phylogenetic, and systematic revision, with a reclassification of family-group taxa in the Heterostigmata. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 118, 1 - 517. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 118136 fv","Khaustov, A. A. & Abramov, V. V. (2017) A new genus and species of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) associated with Aradus betulae (Heteroptera: Aradidae) from European Russia. Acarologia, 57 (4), 1079 - 1087. https: // doi. org / 10.24349 / acarologia / 20174220"]}

Genus Melanesicus Beaver & Petrov, gen. n. Type species: Xyleborus partitus Browne 1974: 69. Diagnosis. The genus Melanesicus clearly belongs in the tribe Xyleborini (Wood 1986; Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal 2009). It is distinguished morphologically from other genera in the tribe by the following combination of characters: 1) antennal funicle 4-segmented (excluding pedicel), club of type 3 (Hulcr et al. 2007; Smith et al. 2020); 2) pronotum subquadrate in form as viewed from above, as wide as or slightly wider than long, the anterior margin transverse, without asperities, emarginate in the middle when viewed from in front, lacking mycangial tufts at the base; 3) scutellum linguiform, flush with the surface of the elytra or almost so; 4) elytra divided into sharply separated smooth and shining (anterior), and matt (posterior) areas, the latter armed with numerous granules; 5) sclerolepidia absent from dorsal margin of metaventrite; 6) procoxae contiguous; 7) protibiae subtriangular, widest at apical third, the outer margin with 7‒13 small, closely set, socketed teeth in apical two-thirds, the posterior surface without granules. Description. Female. Antenna with antennal funicle 4-segmented (excluding pedicel), first segment of club occupying one-third to one half of anterior face, its anterior margin concave or sinuate, segment 2 corneous, two sutures visible on posterior face. Eyes coarsely faceted, shallowly to strongly emarginate, upper part smaller than lower part or approximately equal in size. Frons plano-convex, usually with a median, smooth, shining, almost impunctate area extending from anterior margin to upper margin of eyes. Submentum triangular, impressed. Pronotum subquadrate, as wide as or a little wider than long, anterior angles strongly curved, anterior margin almost transverse, without asperities, emarginate in middle when viewed from in front; anterior slope weakly impressed in middle near anterior margin, armed with very numerous, tiny, pointed asperities, which become more transversely elongate towards summit in middle of pronotum; disc smooth, subnitid or dull, finely, not very densely punctured. Scutellum linguiform to triangular, shining, flush with elytral surface or almost so. Elytra 1.5‒1.6 times longer than wide, 1.45‒1.8 times as long as pronotum; viewed from above sharply divided into basal smooth, shining, and apical, matt, granulate parts (a deep, saddle-like transverse impression just before declivity in one species); basal part bearing fine strial and interstrial punctures, the serial arrangement rather indistinct; declivity strongly convex, with granules on striae and interstriae, or only on interstriae, or without a distinct arrangement; interstriae 1 broadened and raised at least near apex of declivity, bearing larger granules and projecting beyond apex in lateral view. Metanepisternum narrow with one or two rows of seta-bearing punctures. Metaventrite without a row of sclerolepidia on dorsal margin. Legs with procoxae contiguous, sternellum swollen, protibiae subtriangular with numerous (7‒13), small, closely set, socketed teeth in apical two-thirds, the posterior surface without granules. Meso- and metatibiae flattened, strongly widened in middle, with numerous, small, socketed teeth. Male. The male has been described only for M. caledoniae (Beaver & Liu 2016). It is generally similar to the female, but smaller and stouter, the eyes are reduced, the pronotum relatively wider, and the elytra relatively shorter. The sculpture of the matt area of the elytra differs in detail from that of the female. Distribution. The genus is distributed in the Melanesian region from New Guinea to Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Fiji. Relationships. There is a superficial resemblance to Schedlia Browne, 1950, in the quadrate shape of the pronotum with a transverse anterior margin, and the division of the elytra into anterior shining, and posterior matt and granulate parts, but Melanesicus has a distinct flat scutellum, and the posterior surface of the protibiae is not granulate. In Schedlia, the scutellum is not visible, the protibiae are granulate posteriorly, and mycangia are present in the elytral bases (Hulcr & Cognato 2013). The position of the mycangia in Melanesicus is not certain, but they are probably oral. The only species of Melanesicus in which DNA has been investigated (M. granulosus) grouped in a weakly supported clade with a species of Ancipitis Hulcr & Cognato, 2013 (Cognato et al. 2011, 2020). However, the relationship of the two genera seems likely to be distant. As noted by Hulcr & Cognato (2013), Ancipitis has a number of dryocoetine-like characters including a flat submentum, a long ventral side to the head, and narrow tibiae with few large denticles in enlarged sockets, characters which are absent in Melanesicus. Biology. The biology of Melanesicus has been investigated only in M. partitus and M. deformatus (Roberts 1977). The gallery system consists of multiply branched tunnels in one transverse plane. The eggs are laid in clutches, initially of 4 to 6, but later of up to 12 or 14, in the branches, and the larvae of each batch appear to develop and pupate within the branch in which they hatched. The adults of the new generation move around the nest, and undergo a period of maturation feeding within the nest before emergence. Brood sizes in mature galleries can be very large (at least 150 individuals) in M. partitus, but only smaller broods were observed in M. deformatus. The males develop faster than the females. Roberts (1977) found a sex ratio of 4− 7 females: 1 male in young broods, but it is likely that the ratio increases in older galleries. The occurrence of maturation feeding within the parental gallery by the new generation females implies the possibility that they are also involved in brood care, gallery maintenance and fungal gardening (Biedermann & Taborsky 2011; Biedermann et al. 2011). Given the large size of some gallery systems of M. partitus investigated by Roberts (1977), it is also possible that some may breed within the parental nest rather than dispersing to found new nests (Biedermann et al. 2012). Key to Melanesicus species (females) 1 Elytra strongly, transversely impressed just before declivity. Declivity almost vertical with two rows of small, stout, pointed teeth on upper margin. 2.9‒3.1 mm long. Fiji............................................... deformatus (Browne) ‒ Elytra not strongly impressed before declivity. Declivity less strongly sloping, without rows of pointed teeth on upper margin.................................................................................................... 2 2 Granules on elytral declivity arranged in uniseriate rows along striae and interstriae, or on interstriae alone.............. 3 ‒ Granules on elytral declivity irregularly scattered over surface, at least on apical half of declivity, so that striae and interstriae are obscured......................................................................................... 5 3 Granules on elytral declivity large, almost equal in size on striae and interstriae. 3.5‒3.75 mm long. New Caledonia....................................................................................... caledoniae (Beaver & Liu) ‒ Granules on elytral declivity smaller on striae than on interstriae or absent........................................ 4 4 Strial granules on elytral declivity minute or absent. 3.6‒3.8 mm long. Fiji........................... partitus (Browne) ‒ Strial granules on elytral declivity smaller than those on interstriae, but distinct. 3.95‒4.0 mm long. Vanuatu............................................................................................... tishechkini Petrov sp. n. 5 Larger species, 3.2 mm long. Granules on elytral declivity confused over whole surface, striae and interstriae obscure. New Guinea............................................................................... granulosus (Schedl) ‒ Smaller species, 2.45 mm long. Granules on elytral declivity in strial and interstrial rows near upper margin, becoming confused in apical half of declivity. Fiji................................................... nukuruanus Beaver sp. n., Published as part of Beaver, R. A., Petrov, A. V. & Sittichaya, W., 2021, A new genus of ambrosia beetle from Melanesia (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Scolytinae: Xyleborini), pp. 163-172 in Zootaxa 4949 (1) on pages 164-165, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4636084, {"references":["Browne, F. G. (1974) A summary of the scolytid fauna (Coleoptera) of Fiji, with some new species. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 53, 63 - 71.","Wood, S. L. (1986) A reclassification of the genera of the Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 10, 1 - 126.","Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. & Lyal, C. H. C. (2009) A catalogue of family and genus group names in Scolytinae and Platypodinae with nomenclatural remarks (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa, 2258, 1 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2258.1.1","Hulcr, J., Dole, S. A., Beaver, R. A. & Cognato, A. I. (2007) Cladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Systematic Entomology, 32, 568 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2007.00386. x","Smith, S. M., Beaver, R. A. & Cognato, A. I. (2020) A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China. ZooKeys, 983, 1 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 983.52630","Beaver, R. A. & Liu, L. - Y. (2016) Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini) of New Caledonia, with descriptions of four new species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 152, 21 - 32.","Hulcr, J. & Cognato, A. I. (2013) Xyleborini of New Guinea, a taxonomic monograph (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of America, Annapolis, Maryland, 172 pp.","Cognato, A. I., Hulcr, J., Dole, S. A. & Jordal, B. H. (2011) Phylogeny of haplo-diploid fungus-growing ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) inferred from molecular and morphological data. Zoologica Scripta, 40, 174 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2010.00466. x","Roberts, H. (1977) Observations on the biology of some tropical rain forest Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Fiji. II. Subfamily Ipinae - tribe Xyleborini. Journal of Natural History, 11, 251 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937700770181","Biedermann, P. H. W. & Taborsky, M. (2011) Larval helpers and age polyethism in ambrosia beetles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 17064 - 17069. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1107758108","Biedermann, P. H. W., Peer, K. & Taborsky, M. (2012) Female dispersal and reproduction in the ambrosia beetle Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg (Coleoptera; Scolytinae). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie, 18 (2011), 231 - 236."]}

Melanesicus deformatus (Browne) comb. n. (Figs 9‒10) Xyleborus deformatus Browne 1974: 70. Taxonomy. The senior author has examined the holotype and paratypes (NHML) and specimens in RAB. The species is easily distinguished by the strong, saddle-shaped impression of the elytral disc just before the declivity. Distribution. The species is endemic to Fiji, where it occurs only in the higher altitude rain forest (Roberts 1977). Biology. Roberts (1977) described the biology of the species, including the gallery system, development, brood sizes, and notes associated species of Scolytinae and Platypodinae, as well as nest parasites (Cyphagogus fijianus Kleine) (Coleoptera: Brentidae). He recorded the species most frequently from Dysoxylum spp. (Meliaceae), but also from single host trees in three other families (Roberts 1977). RAB collected the species only from Dysoxylum sp., and it appears to have a strong host preference for this genus. In contrast to M. partitus (see below), the adults emerge around dusk, and are strongly attracted to light (Roberts 1977).

Melanesicus partitus (Browne) comb. n. (Figs 11‒12) Xyleborus partitus Browne 1974: 69. Taxonomy. The senior author has examined the holotype and a paratype (NHML), and specimens in RAB. Schedl (1980) considered that Xyleborus granulosus was a synonym of this species, but the two species were distinguished by Beaver (1991). Distribution. The species is endemic to Fiji, where it occurs in both high and low altitude rain forest (Roberts 1977). Biology. Roberts (1977) described in detail the gallery system, brood size and development, and noted associated species of ambrosia beetles. He recorded the species from nine different families of host trees (Roberts 1977). It is evidently polyphagous. In contrast to M. deformatus (see above), emergence is probably confined to the day, and the species was never taken at light (Roberts 1977)., Published as part of Beaver, R. A., Petrov, A. V. & Sittichaya, W., 2021, A new genus of ambrosia beetle from Melanesia (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Scolytinae: Xyleborini), pp. 163-172 in Zootaxa 4949 (1) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4636084, {"references":["Browne, F. G. (1974) A summary of the scolytid fauna (Coleoptera) of Fiji, with some new species. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 53, 63 - 71.","Schedl, K. E. (1980) Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer. XXVIII. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 31 (1979), 117 - 124.","Beaver, R. A. (1991) New synonymy and taxonomic changes in Pacific Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, 92 B, 87 - 97.","Roberts, H. (1977) Observations on the biology of some tropical rain forest Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Fiji. II. Subfamily Ipinae - tribe Xyleborini. Journal of Natural History, 11, 251 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937700770181"]}

Melanesicus nukuruanus Beaver sp. n. (Figs 5‒8), Published as part of Beaver, R. A., Petrov, A. V. & Sittichaya, W., 2021, A new genus of ambrosia beetle from Melanesia (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Scolytinae: Xyleborini), pp. 163-172 in Zootaxa 4949 (1) on page 167, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4636084

Melanesicus caledoniae (Beaver & Liu) comb. n. Xyleborus caledoniae Beaver & Liu 2016: 26. Taxonomy. The senior author has examined the holotype (MNHN) and paratypes (QMB, RAB). A. Petrov has examined a further specimen from New Caledonia. The species is distinguished from other species of Melanesicus primarily by its elytral sculpture (see key above, and Beaver & Liu 2016). Distribution. The species is endemic to New Caledonia. New record: NEW CALEDONIA: S-Prov. Refuge de Plano, 2 km NNE Farino, 21°38’55’’S 165°46’53’’E, ca. 270 m, at light, 28.-30.XI.2009, Schuh (1) (APP). Biology. Unknown. Remarks. Photographs of female and male are included in Beaver & Liu (2016, Figs 5‒8).

Melanesicus deformatus (Browne) comb. n. (Figs 9‒10) Xyleborus deformatus Browne 1974: 70. Taxonomy. The senior author has examined the holotype and paratypes (NHML) and specimens in RAB. The species is easily distinguished by the strong, saddle-shaped impression of the elytral disc just before the declivity. Distribution. The species is endemic to Fiji, where it occurs only in the higher altitude rain forest (Roberts 1977). Biology. Roberts (1977) described the biology of the species, including the gallery system, development, brood sizes, and notes associated species of Scolytinae and Platypodinae, as well as nest parasites (Cyphagogus fijianus Kleine) (Coleoptera: Brentidae). He recorded the species most frequently from Dysoxylum spp. (Meliaceae), but also from single host trees in three other families (Roberts 1977). RAB collected the species only from Dysoxylum sp., and it appears to have a strong host preference for this genus. In contrast to M. partitus (see below), the adults emerge around dusk, and are strongly attracted to light (Roberts 1977)., Published as part of Beaver, R. A., Petrov, A. V. & Sittichaya, W., 2021, A new genus of ambrosia beetle from Melanesia (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Scolytinae: Xyleborini), pp. 163-172 in Zootaxa 4949 (1) on pages 169-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4636084, {"references":["Browne, F. G. (1974) A summary of the scolytid fauna (Coleoptera) of Fiji, with some new species. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 53, 63 - 71.","Roberts, H. (1977) Observations on the biology of some tropical rain forest Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Fiji. II. Subfamily Ipinae - tribe Xyleborini. Journal of Natural History, 11, 251 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937700770181"]}

Melanesicus caledoniae (Beaver & Liu) comb. n. Xyleborus caledoniae Beaver & Liu 2016: 26. Taxonomy. The senior author has examined the holotype (MNHN) and paratypes (QMB, RAB). A. Petrov has examined a further specimen from New Caledonia. The species is distinguished from other species of Melanesicus primarily by its elytral sculpture (see key above, and Beaver & Liu 2016). Distribution. The species is endemic to New Caledonia. New record: NEW CALEDONIA: S-Prov. Refuge de Plano, 2 km NNE Farino, 21°38’55’’S 165°46’53’’E, ca. 270 m, at light, 28.-30.XI.2009, Schuh (1) (APP). Biology. Unknown. Remarks. Photographs of female and male are included in Beaver & Liu (2016, Figs 5‒8)., Published as part of Beaver, R. A., Petrov, A. V. & Sittichaya, W., 2021, A new genus of ambrosia beetle from Melanesia (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Scolytinae: Xyleborini), pp. 163-172 in Zootaxa 4949 (1) on page 169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4636084, {"references":["Beaver, R. A. & Liu, L. - Y. (2016) Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini) of New Caledonia, with descriptions of four new species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 152, 21 - 32."]}

Melanesicus tishechkini Petrov sp. n. (Figs 1‒4), Published as part of Beaver, R. A., Petrov, A. V. & Sittichaya, W., 2021, A new genus of ambrosia beetle from Melanesia (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Scolytinae: Xyleborini), pp. 163-172 in Zootaxa 4949 (1) on page 165, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4636084

Melanesicus granulosus (Schedl) comb. n. Xyleborus granulosus Schedl 1975: 366. Taxonomy. The holotype (NMW) has been examined by RAB. The species was synonymised with Xyleborus partitus by Schedl (1980), but restored as a distinct species by Beaver (1991). Hulcr and Cognato (2013) diagnosed the species, recognised that it could not be included in Xyleborus sens. str., and included it under ‘ Xyleborini, incertae sedis ’. Cognato et al. (2020) in their phylogeny of 181 xyleborine species, showed that it lay on a branch distinct from Xyleborus. The species is distinguished from other species of Melanesicus apart from M. nukuruanus, by the lack of distinct striae, and the irregular arrangement of granules on the elytral declivity. Distribution. The species is endemic to New Guinea. Biology. Unknown. Remarks. A photograph of a female specimen is available at http://www.ambrosiasymbiosis.org., Published as part of Beaver, R. A., Petrov, A. V. & Sittichaya, W., 2021, A new genus of ambrosia beetle from Melanesia (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Scolytinae: Xyleborini), pp. 163-172 in Zootaxa 4949 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4636084, {"references":["Schedl, K. E. (1975) New Scolytidae and Platypodidae from Papua and New Guinea IV. Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, 79, 337 - 399.","Schedl, K. E. (1980) Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer. XXVIII. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 31 (1979), 117 - 124.","Beaver, R. A. (1991) New synonymy and taxonomic changes in Pacific Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, 92 B, 87 - 97.","Hulcr, J. & Cognato, A. I. (2013) Xyleborini of New Guinea, a taxonomic monograph (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of America, Annapolis, Maryland, 172 pp.","Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2"]}

Heteroborips Reitter, 1913, genus bona Heteroborips Reitter 1913: 79. Type Species. Bostrichus cryptographus Ratzeburg, 1837, by monotypy Adult Female Diagnosis. Length 2.1—2.5 mm. Body dark reddish brown. Antennal club type 2 (Hulcr et al. 2007), with segment 1 corneous on both faces of antennal club and segment 2 clearly visible on anterior face, separated from first corneous segment by a suture (Figs. 2—6). Segment 3 visible on posterior side of club. Submentum feebly impressed below level of genae, triangular. Protibia obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 2/3, lateral margin armed with six denticles. Pronotum stout, 1.00—1.05 times as long as wide, appearing strongly convex in dorsal view (conical, type 0 or basic, type 2; Hulcr et al. 2007), with the summit located behind middle in lateral view (tall, type 2; Hulcr et al. 2007), anterior angles rounded, anterior margin of pronotum never with a row of serrations (Figs. 7, 8, 11), pronotal declivity finely asperate, pronotal disc punctate. Scutellum clearly visible, flush with elytral surface. Elytral mycangium visible in H. seriatus as two elongate pit mycangia immediately adjacent to scutellum, one on each elytron, elytral apex rounded, elytral declivity flat to convex. Adult Male Diagnosis. In his description of Heteroborips, Reitter (1913) also gave characters of the male (Figs. 9, 10, 12, 13). Length 1.5 mm. Body yellowish brown to nearly yellow, dorsoventrally flattened, but distinctly humped at elytral base. Pronotum distinctly longer than wide, smooth, shiny, impunctate, unarmed; appearing dorsoventrally flattened, with long setae laterally. Elytra with irregularly punctate striae; surface covered with long, erect setae and short, sparse, recumbent setae. Mesotibia with a long apical spur. Discussion. Several morphological features are considered as having significant importance in distinguishing xyleborine genera. These features include the presence and position of a mycangium, scutellum visibility and form, pronotal shape and sculpturing, elytral pubescence, and form of the antennal club. These features were tested in a cladistic framework by Hulcr et al. (2007) and found to be the most useful in diagnosing genera (Hulcr and Smith 2010). The unique combination of a scutellum that is flush with the elytral surface, absence of an elytral mycangial tuft along the base of the pronotum, truncate antennal club, edge of segment 1 continuous on both sides of club with segments 1 and 3 visible on posterior face (type 2; Hulcr et al. 2007), and characteristics of the pronotum described above, plus monophyly found in the Bayesian analysis, sufficiently warrant the recognition of Heteroborips., Published as part of Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M. & Cognato, Anthony I., 2019, Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864, pp. 387-394 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2) on page 390, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, http://zenodo.org/record/5372142, {"references":["Reitter, E. 1913. Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Borkenkafer (Scolytidae) aus Europa und den angrenzenden Landern. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 32 (Beiheft): 1 - 116.","Ratzeburg, J. T. C. 1837. Die Forst-Insecten oder Abbildung und Beschreibung der in der Waldern Preussens und der Nachbarstaaten als schadlich oder nutzlich bekannt gewordenene Insekten. Erster Teil. Die Kafer. Nicolai, Berlin, Germany.","Hulcr, J., S. A. Dole, R. A. Beaver, and A. I. Cognato. 2007. Cladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Systematic Entomology 32: 568 - 584."]}

Premnobius assiduus (Schedl) new combination (Fig. 2) Xyleborus assiduus Schedl 1961: 228. Coptoborus assiduus (Schedl). Wood and Bright 1992: 662. Combination. Gnathotrupes assiduus (Schedl) Wood 2007: 671. Combination. The head of the unique paratype of this species is hidden (Fig. 2C) and previous treatments did not contain detailed information on the structure of the head (Schedl 1961; Wood 2007). We redescribe P. assiduus on the basis of the paratype and specimens from Peru and Brazil. Material examined. Paratype (NMW): VENEZUELA: Amazonas, Mt. Diuda, 4-XI-1928 (female); BRAZIL: Amap��: Tartarugalzinho, Comunidade Entre Rios, Retiro Para��ba, 51�� 18��� 2.4��� W 1�� 7��� 59.6��� N, 27-V-2015, ethanol-baited flight intercept trap at 22 m height, rain forest fragment, W.R. Silva (MEFEIS, 1); FRENCH GUIANA: Camopi: Mont Itoup��, Parc amazonien de Guyane, terra firme ombrophilous forest, 53�� 05��� 44��� W 3�� 1��� 23��� N, 570 m a.s.l., unbaited window trap, S. Br��l�� (MEFEIS, 1); PERU: Jun��n: 15 km NW of Rio Venado vill., 1100 m a.s.l., 74��46���7.0��� 11��11���35.2���S, 3.X.2014, window trap, A.V. Petrov (APP, 10). Redescription. Female: 1.80���2.25 mm long, 3.6���4.4 times as long as wide. Body reddish-brown to brown, shining. Head reddish-brown dull, frons convex, surface reticulate, punctured by sparse small rounded punctures, vestiture sparse on central part and more abounded in lateral sides and epistomal process. Eyes weakly emarginate, large, coarsely faceted. Antennae reddish brown, scape as long as club, club round, strongly flattened, with light short setae, sutures strongly procurved. Pronotum reddish-brown elongate, cylindrical, 1.70���1.75 times as long as wide; sides straight and parallel on more than basal two-thirds, lateral margins curved ventrad in antero lateral area, anterior margin serrate, shallowly subemarginate in median area; disc of pronotum smooth, weakly shining, punctures small to minute, not close, anterior slope obscure, asperate on anterior third. Surface covered by erect brown setae. Scutellum small dark brown, triangular. Elytra brown, 2.1 times as long as wide, 1.1���1.3 times as long as pronotum; lateral margins straight and parallel on more than basal two-thirds, anterior margin evenly rounded to apex. Disc smooth, striae straight, strial punctures very small, widely divided by distance of 4���5�� the diameter of a puncture, interstriae flat, punctures of interstriae equal striae, each interstriae with a row of erect setae. Decliv- ity broadly, deeply concave with a subacute crest on apical half, occupying 40 percent of elytra length; tubercle at base of interstriae 1 very small, on interstriae 3 there is a digitate spine on the lateral crest, slightly inclined towards the median line; a third subquadrate tubercle is located near the apex of the declivity, twice as long as its basal width, not displaced mesad; on the lateral crest there are very small tubercles between the first, second and third spines; face of excavated area smooth, shining, punctures small, most poorly defined. Vestiture in and near declivity longer and more abundant than that of disc. Metasternum and metepisternum reddish brown with short brown setae. Abdomen reddish brown, ventrites bearing erect short brown setae. Legs reddish-brown, unicolored, covered by short yellowishbrown hairs. Male: Unknown. Notes. Schedl (1961) described the female of this species in the genus Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. Wood and Bright (1992) treated in in Coptoborus Hopkins 1915 in their world catalog. Later Wood transferred this species from Xyleborus to the genus Gnathotrupes (Wood, 2007). In his description of G. assiduus he mistakenly treated the female as a male. Wood also pointed out that the holotype is not at the California Academy of Sciences as indicated by Schedl and that the ��� paratype ��� may in fact be the ��� holotype ���. This ��� paratype ��� was examined by Atkinson and Petrov., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Petrov, Alexander V. & Flechtmann, Carlos A. H., 2018, New records and combinations in Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) with an illustrated key to New World species, pp. 1-11 in Insecta Mundi 658 on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3709871, {"references":["Schedl, K. E. 1961. New species of bark and timber beetles from the Neotropical region. 186. Contribution. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 37: 223 - 233.","Wood, S. L., and D. E. Bright. 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: taxonomic index. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1 - 1553.","Wood, S. L. 2007. Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Science Museum, Brigham Young University; Provo, Utah. 900 p."]}

Premnobius flechtmanni (Wood) new combination (Fig. 3) Acanthotomicus flechtmanni Wood 2007: 337. The holotype of Premnobius flechtmanni was examined by all authors. By comparison with P. assiduus and P. perezdelacrucei, the pronotum is less elongate (by comparison with the elytra) and its elevated lateral margin is less strongly curved ventrad. The declivity is more abrupt, occupying about 25% of the elytra. There is a small tubercle at the base of declivital interstria 1 and another of similar size on the upper portion of the declivital face. A large tubercle is located near the middle of the declivital crest, subacuminate, and slightly displaced medially from the crest. The male is unknown. Material examined. Holotype female: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Itiquira, 15.VIII.1992, ethanol-baited FIT, Hevea brasiliensis clone PR107 stand, O. Dall���Oglio (MEFEIS); Mato Grosso do Sul: Selv��ria, UNESP Farm, cerrad��o fragment, 51��24.714���W 20��20.038���S, 7-VII-2012, ethanol-baited window trap (MEFEIS, 1); same data, 13-VII-2011 (UTIC, 1); S��o Paulo: Santana da Ponte Pensa, S��tio Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Hevea brasiliensis clone PB235 planted in 1987, 50��48���41.02���W 20��13���19.90���S, ethanol-baited FIT, 07-VII-2012, J.C.P. Silva (MEFEIS, 1)., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Petrov, Alexander V. & Flechtmann, Carlos A. H., 2018, New records and combinations in Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) with an illustrated key to New World species, pp. 1-11 in Insecta Mundi 658 on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3709871, {"references":["Wood, S. L. 2007. Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Science Museum, Brigham Young University; Provo, Utah. 900 p."]}

Premnobius flechtmanni (Wood) new combination (Fig. 3) Acanthotomicus flechtmanni Wood 2007: 337. The holotype of Premnobius flechtmanni was examined by all authors. By comparison with P. assiduus and P. perezdelacrucei, the pronotum is less elongate (by comparison with the elytra) and its elevated lateral margin is less strongly curved ventrad. The declivity is more abrupt, occupying about 25% of the elytra. There is a small tubercle at the base of declivital interstria 1 and another of similar size on the upper portion of the declivital face. A large tubercle is located near the middle of the declivital crest, subacuminate, and slightly displaced medially from the crest. The male is unknown. Material examined. Holotype female: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Itiquira, 15.VIII.1992, ethanol-baited FIT, Hevea brasiliensis clone PR107 stand, O. Dall’Oglio (MEFEIS); Mato Grosso do Sul: Selvíria, UNESP Farm, cerradão fragment, 51°24.714′W 20°20.038′S, 7-VII-2012, ethanol-baited window trap (MEFEIS, 1); same data, 13-VII-2011 (UTIC, 1); São Paulo: Santana da Ponte Pensa, Sítio Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Hevea brasiliensis clone PB235 planted in 1987, 50°48′41.02″W 20°13′19.90″S, ethanol-baited FIT, 07-VII-2012, J.C.P. Silva (MEFEIS, 1).

Atkinson, Thomas H., Petrov, Alexander V., Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. (2018): New records and combinations in Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) with an illustrated key to New World species. Insecta Mundi 658: 1-11, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709871, {"references":["Browne, F. G. 1961. The generic characters, habits and taxonomic states of Premnobius Eichh. (Coleopt., Scolytidae). Report of the West African Timber Research Unit (4): 45-51.","Cognato, A. I. 2013a. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic review of Premnobiini Browne, 1962 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 1: 1-11.","Cognato, A. I. 2013b. Electroborus brighti, n.gen. & n.sp.: the first Hylesinini bark beetle described from Dominican amber (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). The Canadian Entomologist 145: 501-508.","Jordal, B. H. 2012. Phrixosoma concavifrons - a sexually dimorphic Phrixosomatini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from the Udzungwa mountains in Tanzania. Zootaxa 3255: 52-56.","Jordal, B. H., and J. Kaidel. 2017. Phylogenetic analysis of Micracidini bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) demonstrates a single trans-Atlantic disjunction and inclusion of Cactopinus in the New World clade. Canadian Entomologist 149: 8-25.","Petrov, A. V., and T. H. Atkinson. 2018. New species of Neotropical Ipini Bedel, 1888 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Russian Entomological Journal 27: 41-45.","Schedl, K. E. 1961. New species of bark and timber beetles from the Neotropical region. 186. Contribution. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 37: 223-233.","Schedl, K. E. 1967. Neotropische Scolytoidea IX. 251. Beitrag. Opuscula Zoologica (99): 1-19.","Smith, S. M. 2017. Dinoxyleborus Smith, a new genus of Neotropical xyleborine ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa 4303: 131-139.","Wood, S. L. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 6: 1-1359.","Wood, S. L. 2007. Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Science Museum, Brigham Young University; Provo, Utah. 900 p.","Wood, S. L., and D. E. Bright.1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: taxonomic index. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1-1553."]}

Key to females of Premnobius in the New World The Neotropical native species of Premnobius are clearly unlike any other species of ambrosia beetles known from the Neotropics and are recognizable by the long slender body with a concave declivity with all prominences on the margins of the declivity. There is a superficial resemblance to Dinoxyleborus Smith (2017) (Xyleborini) because of the elongate, slender form, but are distinguishable because of the acute marginal spines, antennal characters and impressed submentum (Smith 2017). There is also a resemblance to some species of Sampsonius Eggers, 1933 (Xyleborini), but species in this genus typically have two prominent teeth on the anterior margin of the pronotum, and the elytral declivity is flattened, generally with teeth on the declivital face and the submentum is also impressed. Neotropical Premnobius species differ from those of Acanthotomicus Blandford, 1894 (Ipini) by the elongate cylindrical pronotum which is at least 2/3 the length of the elytra with an elevated antero-lateral margin (Fig. 1���4). All species of Premnobius express strong sexual dimorphism, with flightless males, while in Acanthotomicus they are normal. The four species treated here have dense pubescence on the lateral margins of the declivity with the most prominent tubercles or projections on the lower part of the declivital crest. The pronotum of species Acanthotomicus is shorter, without the raised antero-lateral margin. The declivity of Acanthotomicus has numerous small tubercles on the lateral margins of excavated area; those of the declivity of the male are larger than those of the female. The largest tubercles are on the upper part of the declivity and abundant pubescence is lacking. The following key will distinguish all females of all species of Premnobius known from the New World, both native and exotic. 1. Declivity with a pair of quadrate spines on lower lateral margins, their height subequal to width at base; spines on lateral margins often blunt or digitate (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4)............... 2 ��� Declivity without pair of quadrate spines on lower margins; all granules or spines on lateral margins acutely pointed (Fig. 5, 6).............................................. 4 2(1). Quadrate elevation near middle of declivity in lateral view, slightly displaced medially from lateral crest (Fig. 3)............................................ P. flechtmanni (Wood ) ��� Quadrate elevations on posterior 1/3 of declivity in lateral view, on lateral crest (Fig. 1, 2, 4) 3 3(2). Lateral margin of declivity with long slender, digitate projection on base of declivity; height of projections subequal to that of quadrate elevation on lower margin (Fig. 2)....................................................... P. assiduus (Schedl) ��� Lateral margins of declivity without projections on base of declivity; a pair of small pointed tubercles may be present on the declivital face, mesad of lateral margin (Fig. 1, 4)....... 4 4(3). Prothorax elongate, length 1/3 of total body length; declivity more abrupt, occupying �� of elytral length in dorsal aspect; in lateral view quadrate elevation separated from lower margin by less than 3�� its width (Fig. 1) P. perezdelacrucei Petrov and Atkinson ��� Pronotum less elongate, length �� total body length; declivity more gradual, occupying 1/3 of elytral length in dorsal aspect; in lateral view quadrate elevation separated from lower margin by more than 5�� its width (Fig. 4).......................... P. neoadjunctus (Schedl) 5(1). Interstria 1 on declivity with a row of small pointed tubercles; raised lateral margin of declivity with small pointed granules; transition from elytral disc to declivity pronounced, not gradual (Fig. 6)................................................. P. cavipennis Eichhoff ��� Interstria 1 on declivity without any granules; several large, pointed tubercles near base and midpoint of declivity on lateral margin; base of declivity extends gradually anteriorad at base along insterstria 1 (Fig. 5).............................. P. ambitiosus (Schaufuss), Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Petrov, Alexander V. & Flechtmann, Carlos A. H., 2018, New records and combinations in Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) with an illustrated key to New World species, pp. 1-11 in Insecta Mundi 658 on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3709871, {"references":["Smith, S. M. 2017. Dinoxyleborus Smith, a new genus of Neotropical xyleborine ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa 4303: 131 - 139."]}

Premnobius assiduus (Schedl) new combination (Fig. 2) Xyleborus assiduus Schedl 1961: 228. Coptoborus assiduus (Schedl). Wood and Bright 1992: 662. Combination. Gnathotrupes assiduus (Schedl) Wood 2007: 671. Combination. The head of the unique paratype of this species is hidden (Fig. 2C) and previous treatments did not contain detailed information on the structure of the head (Schedl 1961; Wood 2007). We redescribe P. assiduus on the basis of the paratype and specimens from Peru and Brazil. Material examined. Paratype (NMW): VENEZUELA: Amazonas, Mt. Diuda, 4-XI-1928 (female); BRAZIL: Amapá: Tartarugalzinho, Comunidade Entre Rios, Retiro Paraíba, 51° 18′ 2.4″ W 1° 7′ 59.6″ N, 27-V-2015, ethanol-baited flight intercept trap at 22 m height, rain forest fragment, W.R. Silva (MEFEIS, 1); FRENCH GUIANA: Camopi: Mont Itoupé, Parc amazonien de Guyane, terra firme ombrophilous forest, 53° 05′ 44″ W 3° 1′ 23″ N, 570 m a.s.l., unbaited window trap, S. Brûlé (MEFEIS, 1); PERU: Junín: 15 km NW of Rio Venado vill., 1100 m a.s.l., 74°46′7.0″ 11°11′35.2″S, 3.X.2014, window trap, A.V. Petrov (APP, 10). Redescription. Female: 1.80–2.25 mm long, 3.6–4.4 times as long as wide. Body reddish-brown to brown, shining. Head reddish-brown dull, frons convex, surface reticulate, punctured by sparse small rounded punctures, vestiture sparse on central part and more abounded in lateral sides and epistomal process. Eyes weakly emarginate, large, coarsely faceted. Antennae reddish brown, scape as long as club, club round, strongly flattened, with light short setae, sutures strongly procurved. Pronotum reddish-brown elongate, cylindrical, 1.70–1.75 times as long as wide; sides straight and parallel on more than basal two-thirds, lateral margins curved ventrad in antero lateral area, anterior margin serrate, shallowly subemarginate in median area; disc of pronotum smooth, weakly shining, punctures small to minute, not close, anterior slope obscure, asperate on anterior third. Surface covered by erect brown setae. Scutellum small dark brown, triangular. Elytra brown, 2.1 times as long as wide, 1.1–1.3 times as long as pronotum; lateral margins straight and parallel on more than basal two-thirds, anterior margin evenly rounded to apex. Disc smooth, striae straight, strial punctures very small, widely divided by distance of 4–5× the diameter of a puncture, interstriae flat, punctures of interstriae equal striae, each interstriae with a row of erect setae. Decliv- ity broadly, deeply concave with a subacute crest on apical half, occupying 40 percent of elytra length; tubercle at base of interstriae 1 very small, on interstriae 3 there is a digitate spine on the lateral crest, slightly inclined towards the median line; a third subquadrate tubercle is located near the apex of the declivity, twice as long as its basal width, not displaced mesad; on the lateral crest there are very small tubercles between the first, second and third spines; face of excavated area smooth, shining, punctures small, most poorly defined. Vestiture in and near declivity longer and more abundant than that of disc. Metasternum and metepisternum reddish brown with short brown setae. Abdomen reddish brown, ventrites bearing erect short brown setae. Legs reddish-brown, unicolored, covered by short yellowishbrown hairs. Male: Unknown. Notes. Schedl (1961) described the female of this species in the genus Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. Wood and Bright (1992) treated in in Coptoborus Hopkins 1915 in their world catalog. Later Wood transferred this species from Xyleborus to the genus Gnathotrupes (Wood, 2007). In his description of G. assiduus he mistakenly treated the female as a male. Wood also pointed out that the holotype is not at the California Academy of Sciences as indicated by Schedl and that the “ paratype ” may in fact be the “ holotype ”. This “ paratype ” was examined by Atkinson and Petrov.

Premnobius neoadjunctus (Schedl) new combination (Fig. 4) Xyleborus neoadjunctus Schedl 1967:13. Coptoborus neoadjunctus (Schedl) Wood and Bright 1992: 663. Combination. Gnathotrupes neoadjunctus (Schedl) Wood 2007: 670. Combination. The holotype of Premnobius neoajunctus was examined by both authors. This is the largest of the Neotropical Premnobius treated here. It is more robust and the pronotum is less elongate with respect to the elytra (50%). Strial punctures and punctures on the basal portion of the declivity are coarser than those of the other species. The vestiture associated with the declivity is very long and dense. Material examined. Holotype (NMW): BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, VIII-1966, 300– 500 m, F. Plaumann (female); Amazonas: INPA – Adolpho Ducke Reserve, terra firme ombrophilous forest, 60°12′40″W 2°35′45″S, ethanol-baited FIT, 27-I-1987, R.L.S. Abreu (MEFEIS, 1) Notes. Schedl (1967) described the female of this species in Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. Later Wood (2007) transferred this species from Xyleborus to Gnathotrupes. In his description of G. neoadjunctus he mistakenly treated the female as a male. The holotype was examined by Atkinson and Petrov.

Premnobius neoadjunctus (Schedl) new combination (Fig. 4) Xyleborus neoadjunctus Schedl 1967:13. Coptoborus neoadjunctus (Schedl) Wood and Bright 1992: 663. Combination. Gnathotrupes neoadjunctus (Schedl) Wood 2007: 670. Combination. The holotype of Premnobius neoajunctus was examined by both authors. This is the largest of the Neotropical Premnobius treated here. It is more robust and the pronotum is less elongate with respect to the elytra (50%). Strial punctures and punctures on the basal portion of the declivity are coarser than those of the other species. The vestiture associated with the declivity is very long and dense. Material examined. Holotype (NMW): BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, VIII-1966, 300��� 500 m, F. Plaumann (female); Amazonas: INPA ��� Adolpho Ducke Reserve, terra firme ombrophilous forest, 60��12���40���W 2��35���45���S, ethanol-baited FIT, 27-I-1987, R.L.S. Abreu (MEFEIS, 1) Notes. Schedl (1967) described the female of this species in Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. Later Wood (2007) transferred this species from Xyleborus to Gnathotrupes. In his description of G. neoadjunctus he mistakenly treated the female as a male. The holotype was examined by Atkinson and Petrov., Published as part of Atkinson, Thomas H., Petrov, Alexander V. & Flechtmann, Carlos A. H., 2018, New records and combinations in Neotropical Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini) with an illustrated key to New World species, pp. 1-11 in Insecta Mundi 658 on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3709871, {"references":["Schedl, K. E. 1967. Neotropische Scolytoidea IX. 251. Beitrag. Opuscula Zoologica (99): 1 - 19.","Wood, S. L., and D. E. Bright. 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: taxonomic index. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1 - 1553.","Wood, S. L. 2007. Bark and ambrosia beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Monte L. Bean Science Museum, Brigham Young University; Provo, Utah. 900 p."]}

Genus Microcorthylus Ferrari, 1867 Microcorthylus obscuriceps Wood, 2007 Junín: Cunyabamba, 1,300 m (Wood 2007); Perene River (Canan Eden vill.), 1,100 m, A. Petrov (APP-2); Satipo (Río Venado vill.), 1,300 m, A. Petrov (APP-3)., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Petrov, Alexander V. & Cognato, Anthony I., 2017, Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Curculionidae: Scolytinae, pp. 77-94 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-71.1.77, http://zenodo.org/record/5460630, {"references":["Wood, S. L. 2007. Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of South America (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Brigham Young University, M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Provo, UT."]}

Genus Hylocurus Eichhoff, 1872 Hylocurus woytkowskii Wood, 2007 Junín: Perene River (Canan Eden vill.), 1,100 m, A. Petrov (APP-1); Satipo (Río Venado vill.), 1,100–1,300 m, A. Petrov (APP-4). San Martín: Almirante, 1,900 m (Wood 2007)., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Petrov, Alexander V. & Cognato, Anthony I., 2017, Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Curculionidae: Scolytinae, pp. 77-94 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-71.1.77, http://zenodo.org/record/5460630, {"references":["Wood, S. L. 2007. Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of South America (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Brigham Young University, M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Provo, UT."]}

Genus Dryotomicus Wood, 1962 Dryotomicus woodrex Cognato and Smith, 2010 Loreto: Teniente López, 210–240 m (Cognato and Smith 2010)., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Petrov, Alexander V. & Cognato, Anthony I., 2017, Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Curculionidae: Scolytinae, pp. 77-94 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-71.1.77, http://zenodo.org/record/5460630, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., and S. M. Smith. 2010. Resurection of Dryotomicus Wood and description of two new spesies from the Amazon River Basin (Coleoptera, Curclionidae, Scolytinae, Phloeotribini). ZooKeys 56: 49 - 54."]}